Engundoqo kunye amanqanaba nophuhliso ungquzulwano lwentlalo

Ukuphila uluntu ayikwazi kukhululeka kuyo. Into esuka yenzeke ke, kwezinye mathuba kukho wengxabano izinto ezifuna ukusonjululwa. Ngoko ke, yintoni na uhlobo zongquzulwano loluntu? Njani iqala yaye yintoni esongela? † Ingaba nqanaba yophuhliso ungquzulwano lwentlalo abe nempembelelo entle? Yonke le miba ezihambelana, ngenxa yokuba lo hlobo yentsebenziswano ngandlel eziqhelekileyo kuwo wonke umntu.

Kwabantu kanye enxulumene nenzululwazi

A lot of izazinzulu of amakhono ezahlukeneyo ukufunda kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu. Le kwengqondo, nto leyo ibandakanya iindawo ezininzi, yabantu, intanda, kunye economics and yokuhlalisana. Le yokugqibela - isayensi eselula, kuba yaba elizimeleyo kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX. Kwaye uhlolisisa kwenzeka ntoni kubantu abaqhelekileyo yonke imihla - inkqubo yentsebenziswano yabo. Nokuba ndlela, onke amalungu oluntu kufuneka ukunxibelelana nabanye. Yaye isibakala sokuba oku kuyenzeka, njani abantu baziphathe kwiimeko ezithile (ukususela kwinqanaba umbono kwabanye) - isifundo eziphambili yokuhlalisana umdla. Hi ndlela leyi, nangona imbali yayo elingephi, lo inzululwazi kuye kwafuneka ixesha elaneleyo ukuphuhlisa fan ngaphandle kwizikolo ezininzi kunye nemisinga, ucinga nesenzeko ezahlukileyo izimvo ezahlukeneyo. Vzlyad izimvo ezahlukeneyo kwaye kuvumela ukwenza umfanekiso ngaphezulu okanye enentsingiselo ngaphantsi, nangona uphando olunzulu usaqhubeka, ngenxa yokuba uluntu uyatshintsha, kuba wabona into entsha, ngoxa abanye abakhulileyo kunye ebunayo.

ehlangana nabantu

Kuluntu kusoloko ukuqhubeka iinkqubo ezithile echaphazela inani labantu. Ziyenzeka ehlangana nabantu ezinxulumene kunye nabanye. Baya ungasoloko ukufumana inani lemisebenzi esemqoka:

• ukuba olumandla, oko kukuthi, baye injongo kunye nesizathu;
• yokuba ivezwe ngaphandle, oko kukuthi, zibe ndazigcina kwicala;
• ke lwemeko kwaye kuyahlukana nedlela meko;
• Ekugqibeleni, zibonisa izinto okanye nezicamango nxaxheba ezikhathazayo.

Inkqubo yokusebenza ayisoloko kwenzeka ngoncedo iindlela ngomlomo unxibelelwano, kwaye kubalulekile ingqalelo. Ukongeza, ine- ingxelo ezendeleyo ifom enye okanye enye, nangona kusenokuba kuhlala ebonakalayo. Hi ndlela leyi, apha imithetho physics musa isicelo, kwaye onke amanyathelo evusa impendulo ethile - ezinjalo ubuntu babantu.

Izazi iintlobo ezintathu ezisisiseko leendibano zentlalo: intsebenziswano, okanye intsebenziswano, ukhuphiswano kunye ungquzulwano. bonke banelungelo elifanayo zikhona yaye zenzeka rhoqo, nokuba ungenakubonwa. Le fom akwazi ibonakala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwamanani ezahlukeneyo zabantu. Kwaye nokuba babenza okukwiqondo elithile kwesayensi eyahlukileyo - Conflict. Ngapha koko, le fomu yentsebenziswano engafani kwaye nohlobo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu.

ungquzulwano

Baninzi mhlawumbi ubuncinane kanye wabona Baxabana sibini yobomi bam, unina wamthethisa womntwana, okanye okwishumi elivisayo akafuni ukuthetha nabazali babo. Le yinkolelo yokuba ukufunda yokuhlalisana. ungquzulwano Social - liqondo eliphezulu ephikisayo phakathi kwabantu okanye amaqela, ukulwa izinto zabo. Eli gama uye ngolwimi Russian kwisiLatini, apho lithetha "kwenzeke ingozi". Ukunqgubana uluvo kungathatha indawo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, izinto zabo, iziphumo, njalo njalo. D. Kodwa ukuvela ungquzulwano lwentlalo njalo iqala nge-mthetho ayinyani okanye injongo amalungelo umntu nanomdla kuzo, nto leyo ebangela ngumbala. Ukungaboni zikhona rhoqo, kodwa ke ibakala yophuhliso ungquzulwano lwentlalo uba ibonakala kuphela xa imeko kubi.

Imithetho kunye nemvelo

Society ukuba iyantlukwano, kwaye izibonelelo zisasazwe phakathi kwamalungu ayo ukuba ngokulinganayo. Ukutyhubela imbali, abantu ibisoloko wafuna indlela impilo ukuze yonke into ibe intle, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zonke iinzame ntoni ukuze akuphumelelanga. ukungafani okunjalo kanye lomhlaba yakha isiseko ungquzulwano lwentlalo kwinqanaba macro. Ngoko ke sizathu yintswela elibukhali, yonke enye into kwenziwa kwi ngentonga.

Mu kuya kwa nshita yokhuphiswano okokuba ingaba ungquzulwano ubhideke, basabela njani kwenzeka oyingozi kakhulu, ukuya ubundlobongela. Kakade ke, oku akusoloko yenzeke, kodwa ke inani iimfazwe, ugwayimbo, udlame kunye nemiboniso sibonisa ukuba maxa wambi kunokuba enzulu kakhulu.

ngezigaba

Kukho ezininzi iintlobo iingxabano, leyo iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo elandelwayo. Eyona eziziintloko kuchazwe zezi:

• inani labathathi-nxaxheba: yangaphakathi, nabanye, intragroup, IDENTITY, kwakunye ngquzulwano kunye nokusingqongileyo zangaphandle;
• ngakumbi: zengingqi, zesizwe, kumazwe ngamazwe, jikelele,
• Ubude bexesha:-zexesha elifutshane ixesha elide;
• kwiinkalo zobomi kunye isiseko kwezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, zentlalo nenkcubeko, yembono, usapho, lwasekhaya, ngokomoya yaye yokuziphatha, abasebenzi, zomthetho nemimiselo;
• uhlobo ukwenzeka: ezizenzekelayo ngabom;
• ekusetyenzisweni ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ubundlobongela kunye noxolo;
• ngeendlela: ngempumelelo, aziphumelelanga, eyakhayo yingozi.

Kucacile ukuba, kuqwalaselwa ingozi ethile, kufuneka ukhumbule ngazo zonke ezi zinto. Kuphela oku kuya kunceda kubalaselisa ezinye efukamileyo, okt zifihliwe, unobangela kunye neenkqubo, kwakunye ukuqonda ukucombulula imbambano. Kwelinye icala, xa ngoyaba abathile kubo, usenokucinga ezinye iinkalo kakhulu ngakumbi.

Eneneni, abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba iimbambano efukamileyo kakhulu kakhulu. ngxabano kwezethu nje kuphela ezakhayo - oko kufana ukuqhushumba kunye indlela yalityaziswa owawuza ezinokuqhushumba nangawuphi na umzuzu. Yiyo le nto kufuneka ukuvakalisa ngandlela ithile umahluko, ukuba naziphi na: kukho inani elikhulu izimvo ezahlukeneyo kumncede ukwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo, eziza kwanelisa onke amaqela achaphazelekayo.

isigaba percolation

Nje ixesha nzima ukuzahlula ngokuthatha inxaxheba yongquzulwano ucinge into, ngokuba le ntswela elibukhali. Noko ke, bekhangele ecaleni, unako lula ukubona iqonga eziphambili ungquzulwano lwentlalo. abaphandi ezahlukeneyo maxa wambi kukhutshwe inani olungalinganiyo kubo, kodwa ubukhulu becala bathi ezine.

1. zikarhulumente Pre-ungquzulwano. Alikafiki ngokwayo ingxabano izilangazelelo, kodwa le meko iya ekugqibeleni kukhokelela kuyo, ukungaboni ngaso phakathi izifundo kuvela yaye inokuqokelelana ngcembe kwandisa ombane. Ngoko kukho isiganeko okanye amanyathelo uba ebizwa ngokuba yi-senyanga, ukuze isizathu inyathelo phezulu.
2. Ngqo noqhekeko. Inyathelo ukunyuka kakhulu esebenzayo: amaqela ngokusebenzisa ifomu enye okanye enye, sifuna nje lingayivelisi ukungoneliseki, kodwa indlela ukusombulula le ngxaki. Ngamanye amaxesha izisombululo thembisa, maxa wambi Ukuxabana umonakalo. Akusoloko onke amaqela ungquzulwano bathabatha amanyathelo asebenzayo, kodwa elowo kubo idlala indima. Ngaphandle amaqela amabini Ngokusebenza ngqo, mediators ngokufuthi kweli nqanaba kokuphazamisa, okanye mediators, kwase ukususa iingxaki zokuhlala. Kukho kwakhona ibe baphembeleli ebizwa ngokuba kunye yokuxhokonxa - nabantu, ngabom okanye ukuthatha inyathelo ukuya phambili ingapheli ingxabano. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lowo ebonakalayo nangamaqela musa inkxaso.
3. Ekusonjululweni kolu ngquzulwano. Kukho kufika ixesha xa amaqela baye bavakalisa onke amabango kwaye ukulungele ukufumana indlela yokuphuma. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le nkampani thethwano eyakhayo inxaxheba yaye ngokufuthi. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba bafumane isisombululo, kufuneka ulumkele kwezinye iimeko ebalulekile. Okokuqala, amaqela ungquzulwano kufuneka ukuqonda oonobangela bukuyo. Okwesibini, kufuneka babe nomdla loxolelaniso. Okwesithathu, kufuneka ukuzola phantsi, cinga ukuhloniphana. Okokugqibela, le imeko yokugqibela - andifumani nalinye iingcebiso eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuphuhlisa amanyathelo eziphathekayo ukususa yempixano ephikisanayo.
4. ixesha Post-ungquzulwano. Ngelo xesha, ukuba iqala ukuphunyezwa zonke izigqibo ziye zathathelwa kuxolelwano. Kuba ixesha elithile amaqela kuhlala kwezinye kwempixano uhlala babizwa ngokuba "intlenga", kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha yonke iya kude, kwaye ulwalamano umva ukuya kwikhosi ngoxolo.

Ezi amanqanaba yophuhliso ungquzulwano lwentlalo eziqhelekileyo ukuqhelisela yonke into. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha lesibini kakhulu ixesha elide kwaye buhlungu, maxa wambi icala elide kakhulu andikwazi ukuya kwingxoxo eyakhayo amanyathelo elandelayo. Kuqhume uqinisa nabonakalisa yonke le meko. Kodwa kungekudala kuza le Isigaba sesithathu.

amaqhinga ukuziphatha

Kwinkalo yentlalo kwiimpixano isikali abantu rhoqo. Bakwazi ukuthatha indawo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye kuba kubi kakhulu, ingakumbi xa omabini amacala eye uziphatha ngokungafanelekanga kwaye ekuveleni ukuphikisana ezincinane iingxaki enkulu.

Kukho ezintlanu iindlela eziphambili zentlalo nendlela abantu abenza ngayo imeko pre-ungquzulwano okanye isigaba yingxabano. Baya ke ngokuqhelekileyo nayo enxulumene kunye nezilwanyana, bephawula imilinganiselo kunye neminqweno efanayo. Bonke bephela - in ezingafani - ezi eyakhayo kwaye nengqiqo, kodwa ukhetho nganye kuzo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ngoko ke, kukho into evela elilandelayo kwinqanaba lokuqala ungquzulwano lwentlalo kunye nophuhliso okulandelayo kuyenziwa:

1. Iindlela (athwale). Lo iqhinga ibandakanya omnye amaqela umbingelelo epheleleyo kulungelwe yena siqu kuphela. Kulo mzekelo, ngokwemiqathango "bear" kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba ukubuyisela uzinzo kunye nozinzo, kwaye ukusombulula ukungaboni.
2. Compromise (iingcuka). Le yinkqubo cala ngakumbi, apho umxholo imbambano malunga kubaluleke ngokulinganayo kuwo omabini amacala. Olu hlobo yokusombulula ingxabano lubonisa ukuba zombini abachasi kuhlangatyezwana kuphela inxalenye.
3. Cooperation (isikhova). Le ndlela kuyimfuneko xa kwizibhambathiso ayikwazi aziyi kuqwalaselwa. Oku ibe njengeyona, ukuba ufuna ukubuyela nje kuphela, kodwa ukomeleza ubudlelwane nabanye. Kodwa uyeza kuphela kwabo sizimisele ukudela bucala izikhalazo kunye ukucinga ngokwakhayo.
4. Ukutyeshela (ufudo). Enye amaqela ngandlela zonke ukuphepha naleyo ivulekileyo, wayethembe ukuba isisombululo ezimeleyo lweembambano. Ngamanye amaxesha ukusetyenziswa kwale qhinga kuyimfuneko ukufumana ikhefu aze aphelise uxinezeleko.
5. Competition (shark). Ngokuqhelekileyo, elinye iqela unilaterally ugqiba ukusombulula umba. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kukho ulwazi nobuchule ngokwaneleyo.

Njengoko kuphuhliso ungquzulwano lwentlalo ophuma ibakala omnye komnye, imodeli ukuziphatha ungahluka. Le nkqubo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kwaye kuxhomekeke kuyo iphela ngayo. Ukuba amaqela abakwazi ukumelana ngokwabo, kusenokufuneka umlamli, okt umlamli okanye kulamlo lokugqibela.

imiphumela

Ngesizathu esithile, loo nto ixela ukuba le ngozi kwamanqaku ezahlukeneyo abaqhubeki nanye into elungileyo. Kodwa ke akunjalo, kuba isenzeko ngasinye, njengokuba icala kunye elihle. Ngoko ke, kukho imiphumo ungquzulwano lwentlalo ukuba kuthiwe HIV. kufuneka ukwahlula phakathi kwazo zezi:

• nokufumana iindlela ezintsha zokusombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo;
• ukuvela ukuqonda zentsulungeko eziphambili zabanye;
• ukuqinisa ubudlelwano intercompany xa kuziwa umahluko yangaphandle.

Nakuba kunjalo, zikhona izinto ezimbi;

• ukungakhululeki nokuqiniswa;
• ukuphazamiseka nobudlelwane phakathi;
• ukuphambukisa ingqalelo kude kwimiba ebalulekileyo kakhulu.

izazinzulu ezininzi musa ikukuzibulela iziphumo ungquzulwano lwentlalo wahlukile. Nkqu Umzekelo ethile kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kuphela kwixesha elide, ngokuqwalasela impembelelo ixesha elide zonke izigqibo ezithathwe. Kodwa ke, xa kuvela umahluko, ngoko ke isizathu ezithile ezifunekayo. Nangona oku kunzima ukukholelwa, bekhumbula imizekelo ezimbi amabali kwakhokelela ekubeni iimfazwe liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, udlame enobundlobongela nokubulawa.

imisebenzi

Indima ungquzulwano lwentlalo akunjalo elula oko kunokubonakala kunzima. Olu hlobo yentsebenziswano yenye kakhulu ngempumelelo. Ukongezelela, ngokutsho kubaphandi abaninzi, ukuba kuye kwakho ukungqubana kweemfuno yinto ungaphelelwayo zophuhliso lwentlalo. imifuziselo zoqoqosho enye, neenkqubo zopolitiko, yonke nempucuko - yaye zonke ngenxa iingxabano zehlabathi. Kodwa kwenzeka kuphela xa umahluko eluntwini ufikelela incopho yawo, kwaye kukho Inkinga.

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa izazinzulu ezininzi zentlalo bakholelwa ukuba kukho ekugqibeleni nemizekelo emibini kuphela kunokwenzeka xa kuthe ephikisanayo ezibukhali: ekuweni kwinkqubo engundoqo okanye ukufumana ukusilela okanye ukuvumelana. Yonke enye into, kukhokelela kungekudala ukuya kwenye yezi buzimisile.

Xa oku eqhelekileyo?

Ukuba uyakhumbula kakuhle ungquzulwano lwentlalo, kuye kucace ukuba naluphi na uphazamiseko kwi ifomu ekuqaleni kukho ingqolowa inyaniso. Ngoko ke, ukususela kwinqanaba Ngenxa kwabantu, ingxabano evulekileyo - ncam uhlobo eqhelekileyo yentsebenziswano.

Ingxaki nje kukuba abantu ngqiqweni yaye badla kwi malunga iimvakalelo kwaye uzisebenzise iinjongo zabo, yaye ngoko ke inqanaba lophuhliso yongquzulwano loluntu lusala kwi ekunyukeni kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wabuyela kuwo. Le njongo ilahlekile, loo nto ikhokelele ekubeni nantoni na elungileyo. Kodwa basebumnyameni ukuthintela ukubethabethana, imihla bebingelela iimfuno zabo - into engalunganga. Ukuthula, kulo mzekelo, akukho mfuneko, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukuze bazibonele ngokwabo.