Zebhayoloji zasekhaya eyaziwa kunye bakufumeneyo

De kwinkulungwane XIX, ingcamango "eziphilayo" ayisekho, kwaye abo benza isifundo endalo, ekuthiwa estestvoznatelyami, zemvelo. Ke ezi izazinzulu ukubiza iminyanya Sciences Biological. Masikhumbule, abo zebhayoloji yasekhaya (kunye nokuvula kubo ngokufutshane chaza), nokukhuthaza uphuhliso eziphilayo njengoko inzululwazi , yaye yabeka isiseko indlela ezintsha.

NI Vavilov (1887-1943)

zebhayoloji zethu kunye bakufumeneyo yaziwe ehlabathini lonke. Phakathi edume - uNikolay Ivanovich Vavilov, yezityalo eSoviet, ngokuma, umfuyi, isazinzulu. Wazalelwa kwintsapho zabarhwebi, yena wayefundiswa Institute of Agriculture. Iminyaka engamashumi amabini, wayiqhubela zobuntlola yenzululwazi ukufunda izihluma. Uye waya phantse liphela ngaphandle Australia ne Antarctica. Ingqokelela ezohlukileyo iimbewu zezityalo ezahlukeneyo.

Xa uhambo lwakhe, izazinzulu ziye zachongwa Kumaziko imvelaphi izityalo ezilinyiweyo. Wacebisa ukuba kukho amaziko athile imvelaphi. Waba negalelo elikhulu ekufundeni zezityalo nezifo kwaye kutyhilwa umthetho series homologous, elathi ukuseka regularities ekudalweni nasekusungulweni yehlabathi izityalo. Ngowe-1940, lo yezityalo, ubekwe icala mbumbulu-up ngayo izimali. Wafa entolongweni, kokufa kwimeko yesiqhelo.

AO Kovalevsky (1840-1901)

Phakathi oovulindlela uphethe indawo ofanele zebhayoloji zasekhaya. Nokufumanisa yazo poyavliyali kuphuhliso yenzululwazi yehlabathi. Phakathi ezaziwa kumazwe ngamazwe abaphandi ezingenamqolo - uAleksandr Onufrievich Kovalevsky, eziphilayo kunye kweemveku. Yena Wabufunda e St. Petersburg University. Wafunda izilwanyana zaselwandle, saqalisa uhambo ukuya oluBomvu, lweCaspian, lweMeditera kuLwandle lweAdriatic. Wadala Sevastopol Isikhululo zaselwandle ezizikhulelayo kukade icangcisiwe, umqondisi. Wenza negalelo elikhulu zima.

Aleksandr Onufrievich wafunda embryology kunye amalungu ka ezingenamqolo. Yena waba Umcebi of kaDarwin yaye bafunda indlela zazivelela. Wayeqhuba uphando entsimini amalungu, nokwakheka histology of ezingenamqolo. Waba ngomnye wabaseki embryology ngamabonandenzile histology.

II Mechnikov (1845-1916)

izazinzulu zethu, zebhayoloji kunye ezifunyaniswe zabo ziye nok ehlabathini. Iikulya Ilyich Mechnikov ngo-1908 waphumelela iBhaso Nobel e Physiology okanye Medicine. Mechnikov wazalwa kusapho kwegosa, abafundileyo kwiYunivesithi eKharkov. It wavula ukwetyisa intracellular, sifo zeselula, usebenzisa iindlela esiqinisekisiweyo Embryology ezinomqolo imvelaphi okuqhelekileyo ezingenamqolo.

Wayesebenza phezu kwimiba zazivelela kunye embryology kunye Kovalevsky yaba ngunozala ngale ndlela yenzululwazi. Mechnikov imibhalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekulweni izifo ezosulelayo, yicesina, isifo sephepha, isifo sorhudo. Izazinzulu bekwi kwiinkqubo yokwaluphala. Wayekholelwa ukuba ukufa ngaphambi kwexesha kuba ityhefu yi iityhefu ngeentsholongwane yaye wakhuthaza iindlela yococeko omzabalazo, indima enkulu ukubuyisela microflora wamathumbu usebenzisa iimveliso zobisi. Isazinzulu Russian uye wadala isikolo zizifo, eziphilayo, ngezifo.

Pavlov II (1849-1936)

Yintoni igalelo ekufundweni ephakamileyo umsebenzi luvo kufuneka izazinzulu zethu, zebhayoloji kunye ezifunyaniswe zawo? Yokuqala Russian Nobel Prize amayeza iye Pavlov Ivan Petrovich ngomsebenzi wakhe phezu amalungu ka ukwetyisa. Le sebhayoloji enkulu Russian kunye womuntu, waye uMdali inzululwazi umsebenzi ngaphezulu luvo. Esi ingqiqo ka unconditioned kunye ingqondo conditioner.

Kwafika Isazinzulu evela kwintsapho nababingeleli, waza waphumelela Ryazan Theological Seminary. Ke kunyaka ophelileyo Ndifunda incwadi I. M. Sechenova kwi ikhaliphe ingqondo waza waba nomdla eziphilayo kunye namayeza. Wafunda amalungu kwezilwanyana e St. Petersburg University. Pavlov usebenzisa ubuchule zotyando eyi-10 bafunda ngokweenkcukacha amalungu ka yokwetyiswa ezi zifundo wafumana Prize Nobel. Enye indawo umdla yaba umsebenzi ephakamileyo luvo, isifundo apho wayitshabalalisa engama-35 ubudala. Watshayelela nezimaphambili ezingundoqo yeeSayensi zokuziphatha - kwaye semeko ingqondo kwemibandela unyanzeliso.

Koltsov NK (1872-1940)

Ukuqhubela phambili kwesihloko "zebhayoloji basekhaya bakufumeneyo." UNikolay Konstantinovich Koltsov - eziphilayo, umseki the School of Biology yokulinga. Azalelwe accountant usapho. Yena waphumelela eMoscow University, apho wayefunda komzimba lothelekiso kunye embryology, nokuqokelela iinkcukacha zenzululwazi kwiilebhu zaseYurophu. Ziququzelelwe Laboratory Biology yokulinga kwi yaBantu University Shanyavsky.

Ndiye ndafunda biophysics leeseli, izinto ezibonakalisa imilo yayo. Le misebenzi zibandakanyiwe kwi inzululwazi ebizwa ngokuba "Koltsov umgaqo". Koltsov - enye wabaseki yemfuza eRashiya, kumququzeleli we iilebhu yokuqala kunye neSebe Biology zokuhlola zeSebe. Le Isazinzulu waliseka isikhululo ezintathu eziphilayo. Waba sisazinzulu yokuqala Russian owasebenzisa iindlela eziphathekayo kunye imichiza kuphando eziphilayo.

KA Timiryazev (1843-1920)

oosonzululwazi Russian, zebhayoloji kunye bakufumeneyo entsimini zezityalo amalungu negalelo kuphuhliso iziseko yenzululwazi namahlathi. Timiryazev Kliment Arkadevich wayengusosayensi yendalo, ngumphandi ndikhuthaze ngezimvo photosynthesis zikaDarwin. Kwafika Isazinzulu kwintsapho ezindilekileyo, waphumelela kwiYunivesithi yase St. Petersburg.

Timiryazev wafunda umbuzo okutyisa yezityalo, photosynthesis, ukumelana nembalela. Iingcali zenzululwazi inzululwazi kuphela nyulu, kodwa bagxininisa kakhulu isicelo eluncedo uphando. Yena owayephethe esigangeni onamava, leyo ezahlukeneyo izichumiso kunye babhala ifuthe lazo kwisityalo. Ngenxa kwesi sifundo, ezolimo wenze imitsi enkulu endleleni komelezwa.

Michurin IV (1855-1935)

zebhayoloji Russian kunye bakufumeneyo nempembelelo kakhulu kwezolimo kunye horticulture. Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin - eyaziwa sebhayoloji kunye umfuyi. izinyanya zakhe iingangamsha ezincinane basekuhlaleni, amkelwa Isazinzulu abanomdla igadi. Kwabantwana abancinane, wathabatha unonophelo umyezo, imithi ezininzi ziye zagonywa nguyise wakhe, Umkhulu ukhokho. umsebenzi Selection Michurin waqalisa yayibaleka ipomakazi lendlu eziqeshiweyo. Ngexesha umsebenzi bezisa iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300 izityalo olinywayo, kuquka ezo malilungiselelwe kwindawo engundoqo kweemeko Russia.

Tikhomirov AA (1850-1931)

oosonzululwazi Russian, zebhayoloji kunye ezifunyaniswe zabo ziye zanceda ukuphuhlisa imiyalelo ezintsha kwezolimo. Aleksandr Andreevich Tihomirov - eziphilayo, ugqirha zezilwanyana kunye Umphathi Moscow State University. E St. Petersburg University, wafumana isidanga sakhe umthetho, kodwa waba nomdla eziphilayo waza wafumana isidanga sesibini kwiYunivesithi Moscow kweli isebe nenzululwazi yezobugqi. Oososayensi bafumene lo mkhuba parthenogenesis ngumntu, omnye amacandelo ibalulekileyo kuphuhliso ngamnye. Wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso sericulture.

IM Sechenov (1829-1905)

Komxholo othi "izazinzulu enguFamous, zebhayoloji kunye bakufumeneyo 'abuyonto ngaphandle kukhankanywa Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova. Le odumileyo Russian yendaleko eziphilayo, komzimba kunye notitshala. Yavela nomntu ongumninindlu, usapho, yena wayefundiswa Main School of Engineering kunye neYunivesithi eMoscow.

Izazinzulu ziye wafunda ingqondo kwaye wafumana iziko, ukudala iziphumo inhibition kwenkqubo luvo, ingqondo iye yangqineka kwi umsebenzi kwezihlunu. Wabhala umsebenzi zakudala "ikhaliphe of the Brain", apho ukwakhiwa ingcamango yokuba izenzo abazi kwaye unconscious zenziwa ngohlobo ingqondo. Ndiwise ingqondo nje ikhompyutha, olawula zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo. Wayezithethelela umsebenzi yokuphefumla igazi. Scientist uye wadala isikolo zomzimba Russian.

di Ivanovsky (1864-1920)

Ukuphela XIX - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX - ixesha xa esebenza zebhayoloji ezinkulu Russian. Kunye bakufumanisayo (itheyibhile nayiphi ubukhulu ayikwazanga ukungena kuluhlu lwabo) negalelo kuphuhliso amayeza kunye eziphilayo. Phakathi kwabo Dmitriy Iosifovich Ivanovsky - womuntu, eziphilayo umsunguli ngumzuzu. Yena Wabufunda e St. Petersburg University. Nokuba ngexesha uphando lubonakalise umdla izifo zezityalo.

Izazinzulu ziye zacebisa ukuba izifo ezibangelwa iintsholongwane okanye ubuthi ezincinane. Virus ngokwawo Sibonile i kwemikroskopu, kwiminyaka engama-50 kuphela kamva. Kucingwa ngukhokho Ivanovsky Ngeentsholongwane njenge inzululwazi. Izazinzulu ukufunda inkqubo yokubola obunxilisayo kunye nefuthe kuyo of yiklorofili neoksijini, lo anatomy izityalo, eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Ezine-SS (1880-1959)

zebhayoloji Russian kunye ezifunyaniswe zawo zibe negalelo kuphuhliso yemfuza. Chetverikov Sergey Sergeevich wazalwa intsapho sisazinzulu umnini mveliso, ofundileyo kwiYunivesithi eMoscow. Le sezakhi obalaseleyo izinto zazivelela, ngubani walungelelanisa isifundo kwimfuza kwezilwanyana. Ngenxa kwesi sifundo, abaphengululi ingqalelo ngunozala yemfuza mvelo. Yena wabeka isiseko uqeqesho entsha - yemfuzo abemi.

Uye ufunde inqaku elithi "ezaziwayo Russian izazinzulu, zebhayoloji kunye bakufumeneyo." Table kuzuza zingenziwa ngokusekelwe umbandela ocetywayo.