Amaxesha Rus Ancient, amaziko enkcubeko, inkcazelo yoluhlu

Amaxesha of Russia yamandulo, apho ezikhumbuzo enkcubeko efanele kubuyekezwa - yeyona xesha ubalulekileyo ezimbalini zeli lizwe, njengokuba kwakunjalo ngoko wazibeka iziseko kwesindululo, Iziseko zoqoqosho nezentlalo kwezentlalo, ezopolitiko,, apho kubonakala, imithombo zakudala kunye bokwakha ebhaliweyo.

iimpawu Jikelele ngexesha

Imithetho ulawulo karhulumente sokuba ngemihla Russia yamandulo. Amangcwaba elizibalula kwenkcubeko umdla kuba kubonakala iziseko ezizinzululwazi kuluntu oselula Russian, iye nje iguqulelwe kwi Orthodox. A indima enkulu kwindalo kwabo wayedlala inyathelo abathetheli, nto leyo edla negalelo ekwakheni yamatye, ukubhala yemicimbi yemihla, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo yoluntu kunye nabammeli-njongo. Kamva, inyathelo wadlula kunye labemi, ikakhulu kubahlali ezidolophini, ngubani bavame iicawa zabo ngendleko yakhe sakhiwe, iitempile. Kubaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo iye eyadlalwa impembelelo Greek yenkcubeko. iinkosi Byzantine ziye zaba abakhi ezikhumbuzo ezininzi, kodwa laqeqesha eninzi Russian, leyo kwamkela imigaqo zabo nezithethe, kungekudala waqalisa ukudala izakhiwo zabo ezizodwa.

uhlobo iitempile

Mandulo Rus zesikhumbuzo zenkcubeko ezo zimelwe kakhulu ukwakhiwa ibandla, umhla yamkelwe ngokwemveli ixesha Mongolian ukususela 9 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-13, kodwa ngokubanzi esebenzayo kumba njengengqiqo elinikiweyo kunye kwiinkulungwane kamva. Ulwakhiwo Russian bayamkela isithethe yaseByzantium, ngoko ke izakhiwo ibandla Russian, umgaqo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo iimpawu zazo. Noko ke, kweli lizwe lethu ikakhulu unikezelo lifumene ukwakhiwa iicawa ilitye elimhlophe of amajukujuku uxande semi-setyhula indawo yi shlemoobrazny. Masters badla ukudala ebhanyabhanya kunye esekelwe. iitempile Ingakumbi chetyrehstolpnyh, wadibana kunqabile enezintlu ezintandathu kwaye ezisibhozo eqhelekileyo. Amaninzi, baba neenafu ezintathu.

Ibandla Early

Amaxesha of Russia zamandulo, ezikhumbuzo zenkcubeko leyo zizinto ezingenakwahlulwa ngobhaptizo kunye nokwamkelwa ubuKristu Orthodox, waba ngexesha lolwakhiwo itempile ngamatye. Uluhlu lwezi zakhiwo kufuneka zenziwe kakhulu esisiseko, ukwakhiwa nozakuba isiganeko lwembonakalo kwimbali, kwaye ekuqaleni zokwakha ngakumbi. Enye yeetempile kuqala sikhulu ibalulekileyo baba Church of Kwingcingane ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary, nto leyo nayo owamkelayo eyaziwa ngokuba isishumi njengoko Prince abelwe ngqo-yeshumi elinye yengeniso yabo kuyo. Yayakhelwe phantsi Vladimir Svyatoslavich ongcwele ebengabhaptizi ilizwe Russian.

iimpawu

Abembi bezinto zakudala bakufumanisa kunzima ukubuyisela inkangeleko yaso yesiqhelo, kodwa walondoloza ezinye data, ezifana nesitampu yamaGrike eziteneni, naziiperile uhombiso, umgangatho kaMoses, esithi ukuba ukwakha iinkosi Greek wenziwe. Ngelo xesha imibhalo alondolozwe nangesiCyrillic kunye iithayile yodongwe ukuvumela ukuba bathethe malunga nenxaxheba ekwakhiweni nokuxubana. Le nkonzo ke yakhiwa njenge isakhiwo cross-angqukuva kwi zemveli Byzantine ncwadi.

Iintlafuno 11 leminyaka

Amaxesha of Russia yamandulo, apho ezikhumbuzo yenkcubeko zingqina ukwanda ngokukhawuleza nokwamkelwa Orthodox kwilizwe lethu, zaba ixesha yokwakha esebenzayo iicawa, ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu, ukwakheka kunye nesakhiwo. Itempile yesibini ibalulekileyo kolu luhlu - nto iSt Sophia Cathedral e Kiev. Kuye kwakhiwa ngexesha lokulawula Yaroslava Mudrogo, yaye wayefanele ukuba ibe liziko lonqulo engundoqo yamagunya amatsha. inkalo yayo ezizodwa ubukho iikwayala ezinkulu. Uye lishumi uphahla ngezayo iiwindow. Xa iziko yengundoqo i ngezantsi - iintsapho ezine ezincinane, kwaye ke kukho omnye uphahla ezincinane ezisibhozo. Le ndlu yecawa iye ezinde inconco ezimbini, yomtshato nabangatshatanga omqolo igalari. Abangaphakathi ebhanyabhanya kunye esekelwe.

Cross-angqukuva iicawa yamandulo Rus saka kwilizwe lethu. Esinye isakhiwo ebalulekileyo yaba Church of kwingcinga Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Kwakufuneka neefeleni amathathu, omnye elingaphakathi eliphangaleleyo kunye nkundla. Yena yasha ngexesha Second World War yaye kamva kwakhona izithethe Ukrainian ezimbejembeje.

izakhiwo Novgorod

Ezikhumbuzo inkcubeko Russian kuhluka isimbo kunye nesakhiwo. iitempile Novgorod kunye Amasonto iimpawu zabo ezizodwa ezikuvumela ukuba kandziyisa oku isithethe okhethekileyo kwimbali izakhiwo zasekhaya. Ngokwahlukeneyo, kuluhlu kwezakhiwo bamandulo kufuneka yabelwe Nozipho Cathedral, nto leyo eye wahlala kudala iziko zonqulo iphambili kweli lizwe. Uye uphahla ezintlanu, ikheshi inqaba. Uphahla bazilungise iminqwazi. Iindonga zakhelwe of lekalika, ingaphakathi iyafana ibandla eKiev, nezingqameko ziyanatyiswa, kodwa amanye amaqela ngokwemigaqo lula kancinane ngezinto kuba luphawu uphawu lwezakhiwo esi sixeko.

Wizard iisampulu ekuqaleni waxelisa eKiev, kodwa bokwakha kamva Novgorod wafumana imilo yayo yoqobo ngenxa iimpawu ezizodwa lula ukuluqonda. iitempile yabo wayemfutshane ngesithomo, unomzimba omkhulu kunye lula loyilo. Enye amabandla idumileyo kule isimbo - nto yoTshintsho Church Nereditsa. Kuyinto elula kakhulu, kodwa a imbonakalo onobungangamsha kakhulu. Kuye ubungakanani obuncinane, oko akukho umhombiso yangaphandle, umgca ilula kakhulu. Ezi fitsha uphawu le Novgorod iitempile, ukubonakala ngisho ziyavela ethile ukungayelelani olwenza ukuba ekhethekileyo.

Izakhiwo kweminye imizi

Zodumo Nizhny Novgorod nazo kuluhlu izakhiwo ezininzi idumileyo yamandulo. Enye iicawa ezinikelwe ongcwele umprofeti uEliya. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-16 xa kukhunjulwa mzi bahlukane ayehlasela nangezinto Nogai. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba eyenziwe ngomthi, kodwa kamva, ngenkulungwane ye-17, yaphinda yakhiwa ngamatye. Xa ibandla 19 of amajukujuku nye yakhiwa kwi-angqukuva ezintlanu, awamnika igama layo esitratweni esixekweni.

Zodumo Nizhny Novgorod uphethe indawo elikhulu kwimbali izakhiwo zasekhaya. Enye edumileyo - uMikayeli-zingelosi Cathedral, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-13. Yaba ibandla emhlophe-ilitye kunye neentsika-4 kunye apses-3.

Ngoko ke, lo mzi kwamanye amazwe kunye fiefdoms nazo ziye zibe ngawona maziko akhutheleyo zokwakha bokwakha. namasiko awo zizakubalulwa iimpawu zabo yoqobo kunye ezizodwa. Church of St Nicholas Nadeina Yaroslavl - ibandla elikhethekileyo kwenkulungwane ye-17. Kuye kwakhiwa ngasechwebeni iVolga River yaye ibandla lokuqala lityeni kwihlomela-mzi.

Iqalwa yomthengisi Nadia Sveteshnikov, emva koko abarhwebi ezininzi kunye neengcibi baqalisa ukwakha ibandla. Isiseko ibandla eyaphakanyiselwa emhlabeni phezulu, phaya phezulu baba uphahla ezintlanu neyi ezintanyeni igubu. Church of St Nicholas Nadeina sele iconostasis ekhethekileyo. Oku kwenziwa isimbo ezimbejembeje yaye zathathelwa indawo ngenkulungwane ye-18 phezu yamandulo.

inani

Ngenxa yoko, nakubugcisa wamandulo ukhetheke iimpawu zayo, isimbo kunye ingaphakathi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ithatha indawo ephambili hayi kuphela kwinkcubeko lwesizwe, kodwa kweli hlabathi lobugcisa jikelele. Ngenxa yoko, ngelo xesha lakalokunje ukuba ukugcinwa ingakumbi ezibalulekileyo zembali. Abaninzi kubo baye basinda, ezinye ezatshatyalaliswa ngexesha lemfazwe, ukuze abembi mihla kunye restorers qhoboshela kubaluleke kakhulu ukwakha kwabo ngokutsha kunye nokuhlaziywa.