I-shin yomntu: iimeko zokusebenzisa iprothemthiki

I-shin yomntu inxalenye yelungu elingaphansi, eliphakathi kwethanga kunye nonyawo. Uhlobo ludale le nxalenye ngendlela enokumelana nemithwalo enkulu kakhulu ebangelwa ukunyanzelana ngqo kwe-homo sapiens. Amathambo amabini anamandla kakhulu: ngaphandle - peroneal, ngaphakathi - tibia - yifake i-shin. Isithomboniso sibonisa ilungiselelo kunye kunye nesakhiwo samathambo.

Izixhobo ze-muscular zale ngxenye yomzimba zihlukaniswe ngokwahlukileyo zibe ngamaqela amathathu: i-extensors yonyawo kunye neminwe (iqela langaphandle), ngoko iisiphako zihamba kakuhle, zihamba zize zangene ezinyaweni (zangaphandle okanye ezisezantsi, iqela), kwaye ekugqibeleni i-flexors (iqela elingaphambili).

Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iimeko apho, ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane kunye nokulimala, ukhetho olulodwa lokusindiswa lugxothwa ngabantu. Isigulane silahlekelwa ngumlenze wakhe, kwaye sikwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimeleyo. Amachiza anika indlela yokuphuma kwimeko yangoku - i-prosthetics.

Le nkqubo inokutshintshwa kwelungu elingekhoyo okanye inxalenye ngokupheleleyo ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukwenzela ukuba kulungiswe ukubuyiselwa kohlobo lwe-anatomiki kunye nomsebenzi walo mandla womzimba. Izixhobo kulo mzekelo zi-prostheses, i-corsets, i-orthoses (izixhobo zamathambo), kwakunye nezicathulo ezikhethiweyo zamathambo.

Ezi zixhobo zibuyisela inxalenye okanye yonke imisebenzi esekelwe kunye nemoto yecandelo elonakalisiweyo, uncedo lokudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuvuselela, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki.

I-prosthesis yezantsi yomlenze yenye yezona ntlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-prosthetics. Isisombululo esincinci seesisipha, i-bony projections kwi-surface yangaphakathi ye-tibia, kwaye ukuphulwa rhoqo kwesondlo kule ndawo kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukudala i-design efanelekileyo nefanelekileyo.

Ukususela kumbono we-anatomy ne-physiology, ubuchule besiqu sokumelana nomthwalo kwi-shin yomntu kuyahluka kakhulu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuchithwa. Umgaqo oyintloko kukuba: ngokubhekiselele kumathishini anempilo, i-prosthesis eyona nto iya kulayishwa, i-physiologically iya kuvela. Yingakho oogqirha bakhetha ukhetho olunzulu lwe-shank: inqwaba yezihlunu ziya kunceda ukugubungela emathanjeni amathambo, isitshalo sigxininiswe ngokupheleleyo kwi-capsule yokufumana iprothesis, kwaye umthwalo usasazwa ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba elenzelwe.

Ukuqulunqa isistim somntu, uhambelana nemigaqo elandelayo. Isiqu kufuneka sihambelane ngokupheleleyo ne-capsule efumanayo. Emva koko umthwalo kufuneka uhanjiswe ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iifomati ze-anatomical phezu kwesiphunzi. Ukongezelela, ukubonakaliswa kwamadolo kunye namajoyino angamaqhosha kufanele kuhambisane ngokupheleleyo.

Akukho namnye wabantu okwazi ukuhlala ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekile. I-shin yabantu iyingxenye ebalulekileyo ye-musculoskelet system. Ukulahleka kwale nxalenye kwenza umntu ukhubazekile, ulahla ukukwazi ukuhamba. Amathuba amachiza ngokubanzi kunye neeprothetics ngokukodwa kule meko ayinakugqithiswa.