Amagama anesisombululo -kodwa-, -onok-: imizekelo yamagama nemithetho

Ngokutsho anjengeenkqubo zezikolo yoqeqesho, kukho ixesha apho abantwana bafunde amagama kunye isimamva -enok - class 3. Amagama kunye isimamva badla kunokubangela iingxaki inkalo ukusekwa igama nokubhala.

Ezi iingxaki ezinxulumene ikakhulu kunye nefonetiki - oko kukuthi, xa nesandi -X ncwadi inika isandi [o]. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "impungutye", equlethe ileta kwi isimamva -e- kwi ukhutshelo ukuba ikhangeleke ngolu hlobo: [l`is`onok]. Ngoko ke, yakufika kubo le ncwadi -e- yixina emva ngeqabane [s`] athambileyo uguqulwe isandi [a].

Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba isifundo mba ukuba anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukuyilwa amagama amatsha usebenzisa ezi izimamva, kwakunye -o- ukhetho echanekileyo -e- kwimibhalo yabo.

Ukongezelela imithetho ecacileyo elawula ukukhetha nesimamva kwezinye imeko formative, kukho izinto ezithile ezibonakalisa ukusetyenziswa imise ngokwentsingiselo, anamathela ilizwi lokuqala. Kufuneka unikele ingqalelo ethile.

Iimilo-elisandul zisetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko intetho kunye nentsingiselo lwesemantiki, nto leyo enikwe akhiwa ngelizwi.

Amagama kunye isimamva -onok / -enok: imizekelo

Imizekelo yalo magama kunye -onok nesimamva:

• Galchonok;
• athwale;
• sychonok;
• isele;
• nomgqomo;
• kurchonok;
• turchonok;
• nomvundla;
• nomatse;
• bunny;
• ezinjaneni;
• nengabangaba;
• strizhonok;
• Tickbird amantshontsho;
• cherepashonok;
• pauchonok;
• mouse;
• rachonok;
• ezhonok;
• morzhonok;
• nomzukulwana wakhe;
• barsuchonok;
• Cossack entsha;
• kamela;
• Malchonok;
• dyachonok;
• poult;
• lengonyama;
• Rook;
• umalusi;
• kitaychonok.

Imizekelo yalo magama kunye -enok nesimamva:

• ledada;
• kitten;
• zverenok;
• owlet;
• uMtyholi;
• imp;
• greasers;
• izilinganiso indawo;
• mpungutye;
• pig;
• nengonyama;
• gosling;
• yebhokhwe;
• crow;
• zhuravlenok;
• eaglet;
• elephant;
• ithole;
• kuklenok;
• inkukhu;
• ukupheka;
• yebhokhwe;
• Kangaroo;
• Aistenok;
• ibuzi amancinci;
• deer;
• imp;
• ithole;
• Lithole.

ukusebenzisa

izimamva Derivational -onok / -enok kwiimeko ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ukwenza njengendoda, ebonisa amagama impahla esencinane.

Ezi affixes enze umsebenzi ilizwi-ukubunjwa bakhonza ukwenza amagama amatsha kunye nentsingiselo ethile lungelelanisa.

Noko ke, ukwalathelwa amagama impahla esencinane - asiyiyo yodwa umsebenzi eyenza morpheme data. Amagama kunye izimamva -onok -enok ke ixabiso zalatha useto, okhethwe concepts isinciphiso okanye ukungahoywa non-abadala. Ngoko ke ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise ilizwi isimamva, kubalulekile nje ukuba ube imithetho yayo sokubhala, kodwa ukufumanisa imeko imeko yokuthetha i apho idla.

Umzekelo.

igama lokuqala	Amagama kunye -enok nesimamva - imizekelo igama	Intsingiselo lungelelanisa yegama entsha
cat	kitten	cat Lithole
mpungutye	pup	Fox Lithole
nomvundla	leveret	hare young
protein	nomatse	baby nomatse
umalusi	umalusi	ummeli komsebenzi 'umalusi' yobuntwana
farmhand	batrachonok	ummeli komsebenzi "umsebenzi" yobuntwana ukungahoywa okanye ixabiso
Chinese	kitaychonok	umntwana lowo uhlanga le "Chinese"
komgqomo	komgqomo	umthamo ukuba ubukhulu ezincinane ngokunxulumene yokuqala ingcamango

Amagama kwezinye izilwanyana kunye nokusetyenziswa nenguqulelo elithi

Derivational isimamva -onok / -enok zingasetyenziswa imfundo aba onke amagama ezilwanyana abaselula. Umzekelo, kukho amagama ezilwanyana, kutyunjwa kuzo usebenzisa amagama wenguqulo igama ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo.

isilwanyana	igama Lithole
imvu	imvana
horse	inkonyane
pig	ihagu
inkukhu	inkukhu
inkomo	ithole

Imizekelo lwamagama zezilwanyana ifomu na kusetyenziswa nezimamva -onok / -enok

Kukho amagama ezilwanyana, ukubonisa ukuba abantwana abakwazi ukusebenzisa isimamva indlela ukubunjwa lizwi.

Umzekelo:

indlulamthi - indlulamthi entsha, imvubu - Hippo ithole.

Akukho imithetho ecacileyo elawula ukusetyenziswa okanye yalityalwa kwezi isimamva kunye igama elithile. Esona sizathu kukuba yembali. Ngoko ke, la mazwi kufuneka kube lula ukukhumbula ukuze kuthintelwe olunye iimpazamo Ukuveliswa.

Imithetho wesiseko ilizwi kunye -X nesimamva (o) NOC

Ukuze ufumane ukuba leliphi igama isimamva okanye isimamva -enok -onok kufuneka ibhalwe kwimeko ethile kufuneka bakhokelwe kule migaqo ilandelayo.

Amagama kunye isimamva -onok- kubhaliwe kwathiwa:

Xa amagama, amagama ezilwanyana, isiseko apho uphela nomsondlo, unstressed:

Hlale - medvezh'onok

Mouse - mysh'onok

Lokhwalimanzi - ezh'onok

Isele - lyagush'onok

Amagama kunye isimamva -enok kubhaliwe kwathiwa:

Xa la magama kunye isiseko kwi ngezandi ethambileyo (ngaphandle [ch`]):

Amagama kunye Enok nesimamva: imizekelo yamagama	ulwazi lwezandi soft
tiger Lithole	tig [r`] Yenok
pup	Ingaba [s`] Yenok
imp	baa [s`] Yenok
kuklenok	Cook [l`] Yenok

Formation of amagama kunye nezimamva -onok / -enok

Ukuze wenze igama kunye isimamva -enok kuyimfuneko zokwahlula esiqwini yegama kunye, ekhokelwa yi imithetho ukuyilwa amagama amatsha eziqhotyoshelwe kuyo isimamva efunekayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuyilwa udweliso olutsha yeefom gama imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

isiseko igama + isimamva -X (n) + i NOC (ukuba kuyimfuneko)

igama lokuqala	basis derivational	Igama lokugqibela	Ukukhetha isimamva
isikhova	izikhova	owlet	Isiseko ilizwi lokugqibela uphela soft, neyomsondlo [in`] - isimamva Ukuveliswa -enok.
elk	los	ithole	Isiseko ilizwi lokugqibela uphela soft, neyomsondlo [s`] - isimamva Ukuveliswa -enok.
mouse	mouse	mousy	Isiqu uphela nomsondlo [w] - isimamva Ukuveliswa -onok.
farmhand	farmhand	batrachonok	Stem uphela nomsondlo [h] - derivational isimamva -onok.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwinto yokuba kusekwe amagama amatsha kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi alternation of oonobumba igama lokuqala nelokugqibela.

Amagama kunye -enok nesimamva: imizekelo yamagama ngamaqabane intliziyo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwezinye iimeko ukuyilwa amagama ezi affixes i alternation of consonants kwi morpheme kufuphi nokuhlangana. Ngenxa yoko, enye:

1) ezingundoqo wenkxaso / nomsondlo: umvundla - bunny, ingcuka - Lithole.

2) D / f, d '/ f: Bear - Bear.

3) Dual amaqabane kunzima / kwisibini soft: iingcuka - ikati lis`enok - kot`enok.

I algorithm of ukuyilwa amagama amatsha kunye nezimamva -enok / -onok

Ngenxa yoko, upelo oluchanekileyo ilizwi, kufuneka athobele le ilandelayo:

1) Khetha isiseko umthombo ilizwi.

2) Ukumisela into uphela isiseko (ukuma ngezandi phambi isimamva):

• sizzling on - bhala suffix -onok;
• kwi soft, nomsondlo okanye [ch`] - bhala -enok nesimamva.

Ukusebenzisa nezimamva -onok / -enok ukwenza amagama ngaphandle ebonisa amagama impahla esencinane

Kwezinye iimeko, ezi izimamva zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amagama ngaphandle ebonisa igama izilwanyana abaselula.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, isimamva kunokubonisa ummeli wesizwe esithile, iyaxela kwezentlalo, zobungcali. azoba kuyo.

Noko ke, esebenzisa ilizwi kunye imise kwimeko ethile intetho, khumbula ezinye singazihoyi ukubaluleka eqhotyoshelwe kule morpheme.

Umzekelo:

• umalusi - umalusi;
• ndoda - lo mntwana;
• ukupheka - ukupheka;
• Roma - lwesigypsy;
• isilo - zverenok;
• Chinese - kitaychonok.

Xa kukhethwa okanye ukubhala -e- -o- kwi isimamva ukuba uhlobo lwamagama asetyenziswa ngamgca mnye.

Declination zamagama nezimamva -onok / -enok

Wabumba igama lokuqala usebenzisa udibaniso ukuya emazantsi imise, sifumana igama -enok nesimamva kunye null-inqanyulelwe, okanye ifomu igama elifanayo kunye -onok nesimamva.

Umzekelo:

• elephant - elephant □;
• Cat - Kitten □;
• Jackdaw - Galchonok □;
• eyabe - batrachonok □.

Xa declination bunini kwakheka kusetyenziswa ilahleko data nezimamva kwenzeka bezikhamiso "o".

Umzekelo:

nomatse - nomatse, ezhonok - ezhonka, umtyholi - devil encinane.

Ngamanye amaxesha ukuyilwa izibizo kwenzeka kunye nelahleko kwingcambu isikhamiso, ngoko sifumana ezahlukeneyo kubume isandi iziseko igama lokuqala ilizwi,.

Umzekelo:

• ingonyama ,: nengonyama;
• ukhozi, kodwa: eaglet.

Isininzi izibizo kunye nezimamva -enok / -onok

Xa ukuyilwa kwizibizo yesininzi, ancamathisele isininzi ithathwa yi-yo / -yat.

Umzekelo:

• Lion - Lithole - Kodwa: amathole, amathole;
• omkhulu - omkhulu - kodwa: mamontyata, mammoths;
• Lokhwalimanzi - ezhonok - Kodwa: ezhata, ezhat;
• umvundla - bunny - Kodwa: imivundla, imivundla.

Xa amagama declination yesininzi emva esa- / -yat wasebenzisa engqinelanayo ophela kunjalo.

Umzekelo:

icala	ifomu igama
nominative	amathole, ezhata
genitive	amathole, ezhat
dative	amathole, ezhata
wesenzo	amathole, ezhat
ablative	amathole, ezhata
Izithetha ntonye	amathole, ezhata

Lo mgaqo usebenza kuphela amagama elibonisa igama abaselula, kwakunye amazwi ubusi agaric (amakhowa, ubusi) kunye neengono (boletus, ibhotolo). Kwelinye amagama kunye nale isimamva, awusebenzi lo mthetho.

Thelekisa:

umphanda - nomgqomo - kodwa: kegs, casks.

icala	ifomu igama
nominative	kegs
genitive	kegs
dative	kegs
wesenzo	kegs
ablative	kegs
Izithetha ntonye	kegs

Ngoko ke, sebenzisa ngokuqhelekileyo izimamva -onok / -enok gingxi. Ingxaki kuphela ukuze ekhumbula amagama amalahle imithetho ilizwi-ukubunjwa.