Amacandelo e-Ngilani - izithethe kunye neempawu zecandelo lolawulo lwelizwe.

ENgilani, eBrithani enkulu - ezi ngcamango zehlabathi lonke ziyimizekelo yokuziphatha. Ukunamathela ngokuthe ngqo kumasiko amisiweyo kwimpilo yabucala kunye noluntu, nangona lubukeka lukhohlakele kwaye luzisa ukuphazamiseka, luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwaseBrithani. Amacandelo e-Ngilane anjengeenkcukacha ezithile kwicandelo lolawulo lweli lizwe njengepound sterling kwinkqubo yemali okanye iiplenti kunye neengqinamba kwiimilinganiselo zevolumu. Njengombuso waseBrithani ngokwawo, inkqubo enjalo yokwahlula iye yaphuhliswa ngenxa yembali ende kwaye ibonakala kubalandeli bezithethe isiqinisekiso sokungabikho kwemandla kunye namandla ombuso wesiNgesi.

Imbali yesakhiwo se-England

Ukwahlula kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo, ezinomgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo olulodwa, wenkundla, yemikhosi kunye nemali, yenziwa ngokusekelwe kwiindawo zokuhlala kwamanye amaqela kunye nokubuyela emva kweenkulungwane. Amanqanaba amaninzi e-England namhlanje anemvelaphi yasendulo. Kancinci, le mimandla yenziwa ngohlobo lwezinto ezinomntu omnye-i-Count.

Ngethuba lokwakheka kwexesha laseNgilani lokuqala lwe-feudal - i-IX-X iikholeji - ezi ndawo zazibukumkani ezizimeleyo ezihlukeneyo (umzekelo, uSussex no-Essex), iiduchies (ezifana neYorkshire, Cornwall okanye iLancashire) okanye iinjongo ezizalisekileyo (Berkshire). Kamva, emva kokujoyina umbuso wase-Anglo-Saxon obumbeneyo, iinqila zase-Ngilandi zigcina imida yazo, zifumene njengombusi ongumbusi ozuze ilifa, kodwa i-rhuluneli inkosi eyayibekwe nguMongameli ophakamileyo. Umgaqo wokulawula, wemikhosi kunye noqoqosho lolwahlulo wongezwa ummeli: iicotas ezikhethiweyo kwiibhunga zokuqala zomthetho zahanjiswa ngokusasaza ilizwe kwiibali ezidlulileyo.

EShire, kwindawo

Imvelaphi yegama lesiNgesi lezithili zolawulo, esishiywe njenge-suffix-shire kumagama angokwesiko-eLancashire, eYorkshire, eDerbyshire, njl., Indala kakhulu. Ibuyela kwi-Old German scira, enegama elisondeleyo kwiingcamango "zokunyamekela," "ulawulo," njl. Amabhunga aseNgesi, egameni lawo anesisombululo -shire, namhlanje ahlala ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sommandla weNgilani yanamhlanje, ngelixa iifomu-magama ezifanayo zisinda kwaye Eyasetyenziswa ngokutsha kwii-coloni zaseBrithani zangaphambili-e-Australia kunye nase-United States.

Nangona ngexesha lokwakheka kobukumkani omnye, inkqubo yombuso iye yaphuhlisa, igcina iziganeko zangaphandle kude kube ngoku: kwiNtloko yaseNgilani - iNkosana yeNkosi, ephethe iintloko ezisebenzisa amandla enkundla, kunye nemisebenzi yamapolisa kunye nemisebenzi yamandla - i-sheriff. Kwixesha leenguqu ezininzi, ukuhlukana kwemimandla kunye nokusebenza, iintlobo ezininzi zeeyunithi zolawulo ezinemithetho esemthethweni zavela, oko kunzima ukuyiqonda ekuqaleni.

Amacandelo njengengxenye ebalulekileyo kwimimandla

Umgangatho ophezulu weeyunithi zokuphatha zaseNgilani - imimandla eyenziwa ngo-1994 kwiphakamiso ka rhu lumente, eyayiqhutywa nguJohn Major. Kukho i-9 kubo:

• West Midlands.
• Southeast Southeast England.
• EMzantsi-ntshona yeNgilani.
• North-West England.
• North-East England.
• Yorkshire kunye neHumber.
• East Midlands.
• East of England.
• Omkhulu waseLondon.

Ngokuhambelana nesenzo somthetho ka-1997, esibizwa ngokuba ngu "Act of Lieutenantism", intsimi yaseNgilani iyahlukana ibe ziii-48, ezibizwa ngokuba ngumthendeleko, oko kukuthi, emva kokumkanikazi omiselweyo wabalawuli-busi, abaphathi, njl. Ngokomzekelo, indawo ekulu eNgilani yiNorth Yorkshire.

Phakathi kwezi zakhiwo zintlobo ezimbini: i-metropolitan, eyenziwe ngokusekelwe kwiindawo ezinkulu ezisemadolophini (imizi ekhulu kunazo zonke), kunye neengingqi ezingekho-dolophu - ezinokwakheka kwazo izithili okanye izithili ezininzi kunye nemibutho yazo. Olu hlobo lokugqibela luquka iinkampani ezininzi ezingenayo inxalenye encinci yentlangano kwaye zithintelwa ngamabhunga abo olawulo ngokumisela kombhinqa kaMargaret Thatcher ngo-1986.

Amacandelo omkhosi

Ezi zinto ezisisiseko zesakhiwo solawulo sase-Ngilane nazo zibizwa ngokuba yiindawo zokungcebeleka, okanye indawo yokulala (indawo ye-Lieutenancy), okanye i-countially-geographical counties. Ingxenye ebalulekileyo kunye neyasendulo yokuchonga kwabo yimizi kunye neeflegi zeeNgingqi, ezenziwe ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ze-Middleal.

Le mimandla - kunye neyona ndawo enkulu kunazo zonke eNgilani, eNorth Yorkshire, kunye ncinane kunazo zonke-eLondon City - ibe sisiseko sokuhlukanisa ilizwe kwimimandla yeposi ye-48 kunye neendleko zabo, ezenza umsebenzi we-Royal Postal Service.

Cities Cities

Namhlanje eNgilani kukho iinqununu ezi-6 zezixeko-i-metropolitan district, eyadalwa ngokusekelwe kwiindawo ezisemadolophini amakhulu:

1. Inkulu yaseManchester, idalwe nge-megalopolis eponymous.
2. I-Merseyside ijikeleze iLiverpool.
3. I-South Yorkshire-South Yorkshire - kunye neziko laseSheffield.
4. UTyne noWeir - malunga neNewcastle.
5. West Midlands - West Midlands, kuquka iBirmingham, iWolverhampton kunye neCoventry.
6. West Yorkshire (West Yorkshire) kunye neziko leLeeds.

Amacandelo alolu hlobo "uveliso" lweofisi kaM. Thatcher. Zinamacandelo amancinci amanyathelo okulawula - izithili kunye nezithili kunye namaziko azimeleyo karhulumente. I-Greater London - imfundo enesimo esikhethekileyo, esichazwe yinkqubo ethile yolawulo.

Mabhunga aseNetropolitan

Kukho amabhunga angama-28, apho phakathi kwabo bonke - abanesisikiti -shire, kunye ne-East Sussex, i-Devon, i-Dorset, i-Cumbria, i-West Sussex, i-Kent, i-Norfolk, i-Suffolk, i-Somerset, i-Surrey, kunye ne-Essex, inobume be-non-metropolitan, oko kukuthi, Ukusuka kwizithili eziliqela, kodwa unomzimba owodwa-urhulumente wesithili oqhelekileyo (ngaphandle kweBerkshire).

La magama a mandulo, evakalisa i-anglophile njengomculo, ngaba ngumntu welizwe elidala nelikhulu. Bakhumbula kwimibono yezithombe zeNgilane, kwiindawo zayo ezahlukahlukeneyo, apho kukho indawo yamanqacities anamhlanje, okwenza abantu baphumelele kakhulu kwimpumelelo, kunye neendawo ezingabonakaliyo, kwaye zifanekisela isimo sengqondo seBritish kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo zelizwe labo.