Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn: engobomi, ubomi kunye neencwadi

iincwadi Abantwana Russian ngayo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, indawo ebalulekileyo nekuhlala ngomnye wababhali zezona ngcali zinetalente. Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn - wemidlalo kunye nombhali iincwadi ezininzi kunye namabali abantwana.

biography

ugqirha Young kunye nani kawonke uYakobi Iehilevicha Vygodsky neentombi ugqirha wokubonelwa Elena Semenovna Vygotsky (nee Yadlovkina) wayehlala Vilna Russian Empire. Kukho Agasti 11, 1884 na ukuba intombi - Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn. Biography wentombazana kamva uzaliswe hlupheka, izifo kunye nentlungu. Kuya kufuneka ukuba basinde kokufa kukayise, unyana kunye nomyeni.

Yena ndaphumelela Courses Bestuzhev Higher for Women eSt Petersburg.

Sasa wasondela umsebenzi olululo. Kakade phakathi izifundo zakhe kwi-Institute, uye wazimanya ngumbutho seyinike uncedo ababuyayo kunye namabanjwa. Yaye wafundisa abasebenzi elula ukufunda nokubhala.

I ukuhamba eFrance Zurich, ezitsala zonke nabavukeli. Emva kokuba revolution ka-1917 Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn kunye nezinye abalweli baqalisa ukwakha uluntu olutsha. Yena wavula izikolo abangaphezu kwekhulu niphethe ukuphelisa nokubhala. Ngelo xesha ekulungiseleleni yaba nkulu ukuba yeqonga zabantwana.

Alexander Y. bathwaxwa izifo izixhobo eziviwayo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, ukungeva akhe akhula. Malunga ubomi bakhe umbhali wabhala kamva incwadi ngokuphila, "Indlela uya kude." Wafa e Moscow September 20, 1968.

usapho

uyise Alexander yaba welungelo amaYuda, uyazidela-ugqirha bazama ukunceda isigulane, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubuzwe okanye umgangatho wabo. Yakov Yefimovich imini esebenza kwisibhedlele lesixeko, aze ngokuhlwa wanceda amahlwempu. Ndidikwe kangangokuba izandla zakhe zazingcangcazela.

Alexandra waye enomnakwabo omncinane - amadlozi Yakovlevich Vygotsky, owathi kamva waba njengononjineli-abakhi, nombhali monographs ezahlukeneyo.

Sasa kunye nomninawa wakhe Simon akavukanga, ejonge uyise. Bafana nje Yakov Yefimovich, ngokungazingci wazama ukunceda abantu.

Kwiminyaka 17, umbhali eSoviet elizayo watshata ugqirha-physiatrist Sergeya Brushteyna, ngubani wayemdala wayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala.

Kungekudala, ngo-1904, lo nyaka, baba intombi, Nadezhda Sergeevna Nadezhdina. Yena waba choreographer waza wadala a lomculo intsomi umdaniso "Birch". Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, unyana kwazalwa Mihail Sergeevich Brushteyn - injineli kunye injineli oyintloko mveliso "Red Oktobha" kamva. Enakho inani lwezinto e Patisseries.

Intsapho Alexander bonke baya kakuhle. imisebenzi zayo ashicilelwe, umyeni wam kungekudala iphethwe i-Institute of Physiotherapy.

Imfazwe kubomi Brushtein

Kodwa kungekudala leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. AmaJamani iphula kakhulu kumalungelo amaYuda kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule indemnity form. Uyise Alexander Hope wema kubo, ukunceda ukubalekela msulwa entolongweni. Kungekudala kwaye kakhulu Yakov Vygotsky amaJamani wabanjwa. Yena wachitha iminyaka emininzi enkampini indlala nengqele. Kodwa ke, wazama ukunceda abantu ngokubonelela unyango. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, wakhululwa uyise zombhali.

Yaye ngowe-1941, xa waqala iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ugqirha oneminyaka engama-85 ubudala wabanjwa kwakhona. Abanye kwexesha kamva wafa.

Unyana Alexander, uMikayeli wayesebenza ngasemva. Ukususela umsebenzi onzima kwabonisa isifo ezinzima. Ngexesha elifutshane wafa. Ntombi Hope lahlala phezu ngaphambili kuphela ngokulambisa basinda. Emva kwemfazwe Sergei Brushtein wafa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. Ngenxa iimvakalelo ezinamandla Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn ngokukhawuleza kakhulu waqala ukuphelelwa emehlweni akhe. Kodwa ukusebenza nzima.

iincwadi

Alexander Y. - umbhali lamaqhosha ngaphezu mathandathu abantwana. Phakathi kwabo zezona kakuhle yaziwa "eluhlaza pink", "kwangathi", "Ngoko ke." Yena waba yimbangi zomsebenzi yi engencwadi eyaziwa kakhulu "Don Quixote" (ngo-1928), "A Ukhohlakele Ihlabathi" yi Dickens (1954th) kunye "yabahamba Tat Tom kaThixo" (kunyaka 1948th). Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe aye apapashwa phantsi mbumbulu lombhali Alexandra Yakovlevna Nirge.

Ngowe-1956 wapapasha incwadi ngokuphila "The Road ...", ibhalwe Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn. Umbhali Book yanikelwa, izenzo elungileyo elungileyo nothando abantu. amacebiso aluncedo zifumaneka kuzo.

A kancinci "Indlela ..."

Le ncwadi iqulathe ezintathu. Eyokuqala ubizwa ngokuba "Indlela uya kude." Isixelela Sasa malunga neminyaka esithoba ubudala, kwase ye okuyinto ngokwaso umbhali. Sasa Young uyakuqaphela eninzi sikweni ebomini - indlala, yindlala.

Kanye kule paki Sasha wabona igcisa armless, ukuzoba umfanekiso iinyawo zabo. ngokwenene Sasa wayefuna ukunceda nenkxaso, ngoko wagqiba ekubeni athenge omnye ngemizobo yakhe. Uthe kuye yomhlaba waza wanikela ndlelantle ebomini, apho le ntombazana elikhunjulwa ngonaphakade.

Le ncwadi ngokukhawuleza zaye zasasazeka kakhulu eSoviet Union. Kwaba nje ibali, kwaba incwadi yobuzali. I "Indlela" inhliziyo kakhulu, nobushushu ukuchaza Alexander Y. kunye kowabo Vilnius.

phambili ibali

Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, ngo-1958, lo nyaka, kwafika inxalenye yesibini trilogy "Ngelo ngelixa isifingo." Isixelela malunga neminyaka yokufunda kwi-Institute Sasa. Nangona zonke iingxaki zoqeqesho, waba umfundi ilungileyo. Kungekudala abazalwayo umntakwabo Simon. I Sasa efanayo kakhulu akugqiba izifundo zakhe. Le ncwadi ichaza neziganeko ezibalulekileyo zembali - ukubulawa kuka-Alexander III kunye ekuqaleni kobukumkani uNicholas II.

Ngowe-1961 kwafika incwadi yokugqibela trilogy ebizwa ngokuba "Spring". Emva kokuphumelela, Sasha ufumana umsebenzi - ofundisa IsiNgesi. Kuza, ngenkulungwane entsha yamashumi amabini. It linxulunyaniswa imiboniso kunye nendlala ngokubanzi. Le ncwadi ichaza ngokweenkcukacha Dreyfus ndaba.

Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn - umbhali, ingqiqo omhle bengqondo komntwana, edlula abaninzi ekhoyo ebomini, kodwa hayi kwaphulwa nawo. Yakhe "Indlela ..." usaqhubeka zipapashwa funda yi kuphela abantwana kodwa abadala.