-70 T (tank) imbali. Ukucacisa, iinkcazelo, photo itanki

Amateurs yembali zomkhosi lophawu wayila itanki Nikolaem Aleksandrovichem Astrovym eSoviet T-70. kwangoko Iimpawu zale wempi athethe ngokwabo: esi sixhobo ibambene zomkhosi ibhekisa kudidi ukukhanya.

Ngokwakha lempi itanki omtsha watyhala into ngxelo imbi: ukukhanya imfazwe-kuvavanywa kunye namatanki medium of oluBomvu Army (imodeli T-38 ukuya T-60) kulo nyaka wokuqala Second World War kutyhilwa zabo ezingezo-ukhuphiswano.

NgoJanuwari 1942, itanki 70 owawuboniswayo Stalin njengoko kuguqulelo lokuwandisa ummeli sangaphambili umnombo kwamatanki ukukhanya T-60, yaye ukususela ngoMatshi waqalisa imveliso yayo mass.

Esifutshane TTX itanki ukukhanya T-70

Cinga iimpawu eziphambili Astrova inzala:

- ngokungqalileyo weentonga ubukhulu: ezantsi - 45 mm; top - 35 mm;

- isikrweqe side ubukhulu - 15 mm;

- primary kwezikhali: kunaso ukuvuleka 20-K 45 mm (ebikade isetyenziswa ngaphambili kwi kwitanki T-50);

- nezikhali - 90 imijukujelwa;

- 7,62 mm umatshini gun, 15 neekhatriji ka 945 Recordable diski;

- ezimbini-stroke ezine-cylinder ezintandathu petrol injini kunye nomthamo iilitha ezingama-70. p.;

- cross-lizwe speed - up to 25 km / h osemendweni - 42 km / h;

- ingami phezu kwendawo - km 360 osemendweni - 450 km;

- on womyaleli imoto - unomathotholo okanye 12T 9P.

Itanki T-70 Iprojekthi ekuqaleni ebaluleke

T-70 - itanki kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, apho ncomo ziyaphikisana. Kwaye - nangona inani kwamatanki eyenziweyo (phantse 8.5 amawaka iiyunithi) yi yesibini kuphela odumileyo T-34! e amandla kunye nobuthathaka yayo Injongo look utyhila esona sizathu siphambili sokuba le eyehlele zembali kunye nobugcisa. Kuyinto banal: ndingungantweni kangangokuba iprojekthi leyo yasungulwa kwaye zikhuthazwa iphele abasebenzisi (kulo mzekelo - imfazwe), kwaye ubunkokheli beqela phezulu.

original Le thesis pre-kwimfazwe imikhosi transport - "Umkhosi kufuneka itanki ukukhanya elungileyo!" - into embi. Sicwangciso na ithemba Wehrmacht wasiwa ingqalelo (njengoko kwenzeka 1942), zokudubula ukuvuleka-50 mm ne-75 mm. guns utshaba luqiniswe bachukunyiswa ngempumelelo nayiphi engile T-70. Netanki yavuma isiJamani "uTiger" yaye "Panther" kunye imipu 75 firepower weentonga Ukuvikela gauge zombini. Injengele yesiHlanu Panzer Army Katukov ME elimsulwa wabhala G. K. Zhukovu kubo, ukubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa T-70 Itanki lokulwa malunga ngenxa yokufelwa advance alunakuqinisekiswa.

Yanikelwa abanyulwa ulwalathiso kuyilo?

Eneneni, amatanki WWII Russian ekuqaleni wadala banal ngokuphucula imodeli elidlulileyo, ngaphandle naluphi na uqikelelo ngokusekelwe sezobuntlola wadala yi iintshaba iingalo edabini. Ngokusekelwe ngasentla, le regularities zibonakala izigxeko elimsulwa malunga ukungafezeki T-70. ngcono nje itanki T-60 - oko akwanelanga. Ngoku, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-70 ukususela ekuphunyezweni kweprojekthi ngezikrweqe, singakwazi hlamusela ngokupheleleyo ngamampunge inkuthazo enjalo.

kwamatanki Ukukhanya (ifoto yabo - proof) Bekuya kuba kuhle kwi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Kubalulekile ukuba ngemipu belo xesha phantse luluqilima isikrweqe tank Astrova umyili. I-asethi yesibini ibalulekileyo isantya, uphume, i T-70.

Ngamanye amazwi, imfuno imveliso kwamatanki ukukhanya umkhosi phakathi kwinkulungwane XX yaba ekuyileni strategists Soviet yelo xesha, ibisencinane mhlawumbi tactically okanye ngobuchule ukususela War Civil. Abathengi izixhobo kufuneka acinge ngokufanelekileyo yokucinga zomkhosi lwanamhlanje!

T-70 ezichongiweyo iziphako yoyilo - ukusilela sakhe isibane?

ukushiyeka ezinjalo okufana phantse zonke neetanki ekukhanyeni xesha, ke ngoko, ekhangele phambili, eveza iqiniso: namnye kubo abazange olusebenzayo ngenene kwi edabini.

Zonke iitanki ukukhanya WWII Russian babedalelwe phantsi komyalelo ephambili umyili Astrovym Nikolaem Aleksandrovichem, ngathi T-70. Iimvavanyo izixhobo ezintsha, olwenziwa 1941, nkalo zithe zafunyaniswa zifuna ukuphuculwa yitanki:

- ukongeza nezikrweqe;

- nokutshintshwa cast single a namacala inqaba kabini;

- lokuqinisa isihlangu transmission, ukumiswa torsion, amabhandeji roller;

- ukutshintshwa umpu eziphambili kwi-mihla ngakumbi (owokugqibela elingekaphunyezwa).

Yintoni na ke? Ingaba kukho iziphene ezininzi kakhulu abantu njengenxalenye imodeli isiseko? Nokuba le modeli esisiseko ibangiwe Olubomvu Army?

Ukungafaneleki kwamatanki ukukhanya edabini kwaba ngakumbi ngendaleko betanki: Army of kumazwe awahlukeneyo ngcembe bawushiya umgaqo izixhobo edabini. Endaweni yoko, amagosa eziqulunqile ezinye izithuthi ukukhanya vehicles, ikakhulu ukwenza indima ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuphinda ukukhonza amandla lomlilo ezingundoqo zelizwe vehicles. Nangona kunjalo, kwelinye icala, inkqubo yokudala kwaye uguqulo kancincane T-70 kwaba creative kakhulu.

iintlobo serial

Imveliso Industrial betanki ukukhanya T-70 eveliswa an ngobuwena ehambisana lokuqala Astrova projekthi nomyili, njengokuba ngokunjalo ngobuwena silungiswe, i T-70M.

Uhlobo lokuqala yaba isikrweqe imipu lula ubunzima - 9,2 m kunye Ammo ngakumbi - 90 projectiles; ubunzima obukhulu (9.8 m), abafundi ngeendleko iiyunithi lokubekelwa indawo yokukhulisa ezongezelelweyo kunye namalungu - yesibini. Nezikhali itanki yala maxesha lancitshiswa ukuya 70 rounds.

Enyanisweni, ukuba izithuthi ezakheke ezahlukeneyo empini, ukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo, hayi interchangeable.

Kursk - a fiasco ukuba itanki ukukhanya T-70

ngokwenene Army kwakufuneka amatanki eliphakathi kwaye enzima enokuthi ngempumelelo ukutshabalalisa utshaba izithuthi vehicles.

Asizange sive abaqashi iqela embi zinganakwa waqhama kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwe-Military Collegium yeNkundla Ephakamileyo Soviet Marshal Mihaila Nikolaevicha Tuhachevskogo: "! A imfazwe kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba iiyunithi kwitanki imfazwe"

Kwaye, oko, ishishini ukuziphendulela iSebe i-USSR ngo-1942 wenza izixa ezikhulu T-70 - itanki ukulwa wokuvavanya ngo-1943 nako ukuma intlungu - umnqwazi ezayo imfazwe itanki kufuphi kwilali Prokhorovka (Battle of Kursk arc).

Isikrweqe akazange ukugcina-75 m and-m 50 ukuvuleka utshaba zokudubula lula wenza indlela kwayo ngokungqalileyo indima yawo. Ngaphezu koko, itanki wabonakala abasengozini besele German regimental zokudubula abanjalo 37 mm. itanki Exam impi ayiphumelelanga kwaye, ngokulandelelana, emva Kursk Arc ngobuninzi T-70 wayekwa.

Noko ke, njengokuba Okuphoxayo kukuba, nguye Inqanaba lesibini IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, xa Red Army ndihambela phambili, inani kwabaphathi abanobuchule combatant sizisole ndlelantle ngaphambi ukuya T-70. Itanki emva onke, nangona iintsilelo ezicacileyo, kuye kwaba luncedo!

Kwi i T-70 iimpawu yokulwa ezintle

Asiyi kunikwa mqondiso ukuchonga wayo omhle wabaqalayo-zidlula. Ngelo xesha Aces itanki lokulwa kwiindawo ezirhabaxa kunye namaplanga nokuba ikhetha lo matshini ukukhanya vehicles ngakumbi T-34 umlinganiselo. Yintoni ekhuthazwa le ukhetho? Okokuqala, imipu German enzima kunye namatanki enzima phantse ngokulinganayo wachukumiseka T-34 ne T-70. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokuba itanki wemiphunga ezincinane ejoliswe umlilo kunokwenzeka ukusuka kumgama nesiqingatha sekhilomitha, lo gama i-T-34 - umgama sekhilomitha.

Kwakhona, usebenzisa i T-70 ingasetyenziswa kunye element yokuhlaselwa kotshaba. Ngelo xesha linye itanki enzima IP nakumndilili T-34 wathintelwa ukukwenza oko ngenxa iinjini diesel nengxolo.

Phantse emva umva, siyathandaza, wabagxotha umnqamlezo-lizwe ukuya enkampini iintshaba T-70 Itanki ukukhanya. Emva kokuba umsebenzi ingxolo ngezibini ipetroli injini yemoto umthamo seelitha ezili-140. a. yi kwinqanaba wafana isandi iimoto nje. ULieutenant General Bogdanov ingxelo kwi-Main vehicles Directorate ukuba T-70 ngenxa ingxolo esezantsi lizaliseke ngokugqibeleleyo umsebenzi lwaphulo kotshaba layohlala.

Indawo kwamatanki ipetroli Ezomva kwimeko yandinceda ibangele i zicace ezinqabe kakhulu xa yahlaselwa itanki.

Ngowe-1944, xa iiyunithi itanki ye-Red Army waba malunga neshumi elinesihlanu lamakhulu kwamatanki T-70, WGC kaThixo Commissariat of Industry Heavy lowu ukusebenza kwayo ukulwa ezidolophini. "Semidesyatka" waba trudnoporazhaemoy "Panzerfaust" kunye neziqhushumbisi yobukhulu zabo encinane uphume eliphezulu.

Workability

Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo into yokokuba itanki eSoviet T-70 kwi-kuyilo zaphumela enye ezixhobo kakuhle. Kuba imveliso yawo lalisetyenziswa isiseko ngokupheleleyo elungeleleneyo imveliso ndingaz yezityalo. intsebenziswano esebenzayo iye yasekwa kunye mveliso-nababonelela iinxalenye kunye namacandelo.

Ngempumelelo balungise izixhobo ngokwesiseko i T-70 walungiswa, zonakaliswe ngaphambili.

Ekuqaleni uMyili ASTROFF elisekwe imveliso yawo Gorky Automobile Plant.

Ngowe-1942, abasebenzi mveliso khulula iiyunithi 3495 yezixhobo, kwaye ngo-1943 - 3348. Emva koko, imveliso T-70 ngo-1942 iye olulungiswe kwaye mveliso №38 (laseKirov). Apha, ngo-1378 ezi matanki zaye zaveliswa.

Ezicwangciselwe ukwenziwa kwamatanki nayo Sverdlovsk Inombolo mveliso 37 Noko ke, loo nto ayizange zilungiswe apha, kunye neendleko zeteknoloji baba phezulu kakhulu. Kufuneka iinjini kabini kwe T-60, imveliso isikrweqe enamandla ngaphezu liqengqiwe ixesha elide ngaphezulu. Isiphumo - isiphumo eqhelekileyo: amatanki 10 ukuyekwa kwemveliso.

Injongo yoku kusilela noshowo itanki

Inyaniso izicacele: ingcamango kwitanki ukukhanya olusebenzayo imiphambili yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi waba yigadi epheleleyo. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi kukudala iprojekthi T-70 (nangona a lot of izisombululo zobunjineli yantlandlolo, leyo siya kubhala) impela kubonakala ngathi abasebenzi Sisyphean, t. E. lalingayi kuphumelela.

Masiqalise nesibakala sokuba neetanki yiSoviet angels (subject iinkcazo zethu kwakunye) hayi akanayo kweziphene ezicacileyo ikhonkco-isakhiwo, nto leyo ithetha amasebe 5:

- solawulo;

- motor (ekunene - phakathi komzimba);

- karate (kwinqaba novulelweyo - kumbindi zomzimba);

- zefula (apho zifumaneka amatanki zepetroli radiator).

Itanki ofisi efanayo drive ivili ngaphambili, ngoko ke isigaba isisu semoto luphawulwa sesichengeni.

T-70 - vehicles umboniso yimyuziyam Kubinka (kufutshane eMoscow)

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba iitanki ukukhanya (ifoto yaseJapan "Ha-Yiya" kunye German PzKpfw-II, i T-70 mihla, eboniswe ngezantsi) kufuneka zenzelwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo zobugcisa kunye neenqobo karate ahlobene:

- Ulwabiwo ngobuchule imisebenzi phakathi kwamalungu enqanaweni (functional kwitanki omninzi alimwi kwi inqwelo yabantu ababini, kuquka umqhubi mehanika-);

- guns firepower ibingonelanga (uyilo itanki ukukhanya kucingelwa njengoko iingalo eziphambili 45 ezinga- threaded kunaso oluzenzekelayo 20-K isampula 1932 ngonyaka).

Abo banqwenela ukubona iintlobo kwezixhobo T-70 - umpu engundoqo kunye umpu womatshini yafakwa naye DT-29 ukuvuleka 7,62 mm - sincoma ukutyelela empini vehicles Museum ezizodwa (Kubinka). Iindwendwe Museum inokubonwa kunye nezixhobo kunye namaziko zamalungu iindawo enqanaweni.

Umphathi Itanki yaba kwiyunithi inqaba, nto leyo lisisiqalo kwi isizalwane ekhohlo ukuya axis longitudinal, kwaye nokhupho isahlulo ekhohlo phakathi kwezindlu. Ngokutsho umsebenzi wakhe, wayalela izenzo nomqhubi nge intercom, iliso imeko, wamwisela ezihamba yezixhobo kunye umpu womatshini yafakwa kunye naye.

Umqhubi kwenzeka phambi nenqanawa, phakathi.

Ekubeni imiboniso ebuyiselweyo ngononophelo, njengoko bathi, kwi uhambe, abakhenkethi sizigqale zokusebenza iiyunithi kunye neeyunithi ze T-70, axabisa malunga uluvo olubonakalayo. Sithetha ukuthini xa sikwathetha umphathi itanki sindisa ezisebenzayo? Kakhulu mechanical iinkqubo ezininzi, isimiso ayizange ezenzekelayo. Le ngxaki onokubonwa, kwaye ukutyelela imyuziyam (Kubinka). Kuyimfuneko ukuba bahlolisise ngenyameko indlela yezithuthi ebuyiselweyo emkhosini. Lithethe ityala ngokwakho:

- device ujikelezo manual transmission Tower;

- drive lift ngesandla ukuba umpu;

- ngokuthi ukudubula imijukujelwa ebudeni-uhlobo semi-automatic akazange ngomlilo, yaye umphathi kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuvula ngesandla ivalve ndaxhwitha i wachitha kwimeko ebomvu-eshushu.

Ngenxa yezi zizathu, nangengqwalasela onokumnqanda ukulwa, izinga yeprojekthi - up to rounds 12 ngomzuzu - iye ezilawula ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokusengqiqweni T-70 eveliswa ngomzuzu ukuya kuqhume-5.

Hi ndlela leyi, kwiMyuziyam enye, elileli, inombolo emnqubeni 6, iindwendwe ungabona amatanki ngamaNazi eJamani: "Tigers" yaye "Panthers" ababesilwa itanki yiSoviet phambi kwethu.

Ngokukhawuleza sazivelela, kodwa kude egqibeleleyo, amatanki Soviet ngexesha Second World War ndandisoloko ndikuthanda ingqalelo iindwendwe.

Chassis babefuna T-70

Ngqo T-70 zaphuhliswa injini iwele GAS-203. Ngaphambi - injini ndingaz-70-6004 nangesemva - Gaz-70-6005. Shestitselindrovye-stroke ezine iinjini - bobabini derated ukwandisa ukuthembeka kunye nenkonzo ubomi.

Azuze imodeli yangaphambili T-70 transmission vyzyvavala ingxelo kuye muhle. Izilingo:

- ezimbini-iklatshi;

- gearbox 4-speed;

- step Uhlobo nenjini shaft;

- Wotho drive sokugqibela;

- Ibamba multi-idiskhi steering;

--kumqolo omnye lokugqibela drive.

Caterpillar T-70 yayibandakanya 91 lwegama nobubanzi 26 cm.

Endaweni yesiphelo: izixhobo emkhosini ngenxa ka-T-70

Nangona kunjalo, i-T-70 wayengenguye umfuziselo isiphelo ofileyo-. gun Self-kuqhube SU-76 waphuhliswa KB sisityalo №38 (laseKirov) esekelwe semoto yayo evuthelweyo. Eyona kwezikhali iphambili ACS yaba umpu-76 mm ZIS-3. iqokobhe itanki ngokwayo T-70 kwaba enobuchwepheshe ithembisa.

Uyilo izixhobo ezitsha ephawulekayo. I umhlanganisi yokuqala yobudoda Aleksandrovich Ginzburg watyholwa "izono" azikho kwa-ukubakho emva kokuba iziphumo ngxelo imbi ka-Cusco jike, ndayihluthwa ilungelo ukwakha, wathumela ngaphambili, apho wafela khona. Ngesandla ingxabano ngayo ukwakhiwa itanki uMkomishinala Zaltsman I. M. Nangona kunjalo, eli igosa yebhongo lwakhawuleza zizizathu wasuswa esikhundleni.

Wamiselwa post yakhe Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Malyshev kukhuphiswano elimiselwe nenguqulo Su-76, apho abameli zesityalo ndingaz kunye nenombolo-38 zaye ababandakanyekayo.

Ngenxa yoko, i-ACS iye alungiswa wazibeka imveliso mass. -75 mm umpu ukutshabalalisa ngempumelelo utshaba imipu self-ngokwaso, ukukhanya kunye namatanki eliphakathi. Uye anceda kakhulu ekulungiseni eziqatha "Panther", Ukubetha umpu imaski nezikhali icala. Xa umzabalazo kunye ezintsha vehicles ngakumbi "uTiger" Su-76 kwaba ingaphumeleli de kuqaliswe i-ngokudibanisa projectiles lihlaba.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-1944 phezu iingalo Red Army wangena self-ngokwaso anti-moya weapon ZSU-37, wadala ngokusekelwe kwisisu semoto ye-T-70.

Namhlanje, abaqokeleli, abalandeli kufuneka ithuba lokuba athenge nayiphi na umfuziselo T-70. Ixabiso engundoqo imodeli (i-) - 5 million engange. Komqathango wokuba lixhotyiswe kwisisu semoto yokuqala, kodwa, kakade, ayenzelwanga ukulwa. Ngelo xesha inikeza uphuculo zakutshanje ukusuka yesikhumba sangaphakathi sonar.