62M Ilyushin: iimpawu zobugcisa, imbali kunye iifoto

Ukuba inkqubo yezothutho - ngegazi uqoqosho ehlabathini, ukuthuthwa umkhweli ingabizwa "plasma" egazini ngokwayo. I ngcono, ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungcono urhulumente uyakwazi ukususa abantu nommandla wayo, i ngaphantsi i "backwoods" kukuthi, kungenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba ukuseka intsebenziswano yabo yonke izixhobo karhulumente. uyazi kakuhle ngawo USSR. Isiphumo umsebenzi IL EDO abaninzi baba 62M.

Ukuphumelela ngexesha inqwelo wabonisa ukuba ishishini eSoviet ikwazi kungekuphela ukuvelisa izixhobo zomkhosi kumanqanaba umxhelo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Lo moya luphawulwa injini ongasemva-enyusiweyo kunye noyilo nokumiswa okhethekileyo. Kuye kwasungulwa edume OKB Ilyushin yaye kamva elilodwa lomenzi kumazwe ezisithoba. Ezi zibandakanya i-United Kingdom, Italy, eFransi, eJamani, eCzechoslovakia, Japan. Akumangalisi ukuba okungaka esidumileyo IL 62M, inkwenkwezi phezu fuselage, nto leyo isiqinisekiso ekumgangatho ophezulu.

Umatshini une lokusasaza eyiyo kakhulu of mass, kangangokuba ubunzima wayo phantse moya efana kunye iinjini phantsi iphiko. A isici esasenza IL 62M, iimpawu apho esixubusha, na ukuphunyezwa inyathelo angaqhelekanga kungqameko aziintloko amaphiko (ngokohlobo umlomo). Kuyenzeka ukuqinisekisa uzinzo moya ezahlukeneyo, kuquka engile ezibalulekileyo ukuhlasela. Iphiko kwakhona yenziwe kusetyenziswa iteknoloji decompression entsha ebandakanya jize ngesithsaba zexabiso eliphantsi. Kuyenzeka ukuba lula nje kuphela, kodwa ukuqinisa kakhulu isakhiwo yonke.

Feathering lwenziwa kwisiphaluka ezimilise T-, ubunzima baso nobukhulu ezincinane kakhulu phantse zonke analogs. Nangona ezinye iintsilelo yale ndlela, le ukuphunyezwa uvumele izihlandlo ezininzi ukuphucula ukulawula iimeko kunye nokuthembeka umatshini omtsha, ukuyilwa leyo zasuswa enkulu kakhulu kwaye akusoloko izisombululo ethembekileyo.

iitanki amafutha ibekwe kulo ngangomolulo iphiko, kuquka icandelo iziko. Ilyushin 62M unique ubuncinane kuba kukuvumela ukuba uthathe off nge injini enye ayiphumelelanga. Bhabha ilizwe umatshini efanayo, ngokubanzi ukuba amabini ayiphumelelanga motor. kokufunekayo Multiple zonke iinkqubo, abolekwe aerospace kunye nobuchwepheshe emkhosini, unako ukuphucula ukuthembeka avionics lonke phezu komyalelo.

Izizathu uphuhliso imoto entsha

Ukukhula umkhweli zothutho kwi-USSR kwisiqingatha sesibini sha-50, xa umsebenzi waqalisa ukuba moya kweinjini basafunda. Aba matshini bavumelekile ukuba uthwale ngexesha elinye inani elikhulu impahla, kwaye ukwenza oko kube ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nantsi ke imbangi yokuba ukususela ngowe-1950 ukuya 1959 umthamo eJozi kwezithuthi ezandileyo kanye izihlandlo ezilishumi.

Akumangalisi ke, abezoqoqosho kunye neengcali wentengo ngokukhawuleza wafumana umyalelo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukudala moya cheap kunye nabalulamileyo olwenza i zothutho lwabantu kunye nempahla ngaphakathi kummandla Union.

Kuyanda KB Ilyushin

ukuba at CB Ilyushin Kuphela sele waba amava kunye nezibonelelo ezaneleyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iingcali yakhe yokuqala baqalisa ukuyila uhlobo entsha moya. Sele 1960 yena Ilyushin izibheno ukuba urhulumente USSR yacebisa ekudalweni kumatshini, leyo kamva wafumana igama 62M IL. Oku kwenzelwa ukuxhobisa iinjini moya RD-23-600, uphuhliso ogama wakhokelelwa a SK zinetalente Tumansky.

Iimpawu kulindelwe

Okokuqala, abayili baye bacinga ukuba moya nga ukuthwala abakhweli-50 ukuya 150. Range ngo "ukulungiselela 'ngaphakathi 4500-8500 km. Iinjini nabaqambi bafuna ukufaka kwicandelo ngumsila wena. Ngokubanzi, ngokwesiseko IL 62M kwase elele ingqikelelo-IL-18. Kwakhona waba waphefumlelwa imoto French "Caravel" endaweni yaso yonke ekwenzeni e enesiqingatha, ukuphakama kwalo isiqu.

Ekubeni nkqu umbono eqinisekile ukuba ikamva IL 62M belwenziwe kakuhle ngaphandle, iBhunga labaPhathiswa USSR yamkela isindululo ngokukhawuleza. Sigqibo kubandakanya uphuhliso-moya, nto leyo ngomgangatho woqoqosho andizele kumgama ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-4500 km, iye 165 izihlalo. ukudalwa "zodidi" zimoto yokuqala-class zathi zanikezelwa. Its uluhlu moya wayesele 6700 km ne-100 ... izihlalo 125 zabakhweli, ngokulandelelana. Ngelo xesha, phantsi kwesikhokelo OKB Kuznetsova wathunywa ukwenza injini entsha NK-8.

layout Iimpawu

Kuba okokuqala kwimbali moya eSoviet wakhethwa Udweliso umsila-injini. Oku akuzange kwenziwe ngengozi. Inyaniso kukuba ngenxa yokusebenzisa esi sisombululo kuyilo akwazi ukufumana iphiko "ezihlambulukileyo" liye omoya ezigqwesileyo. Ezi mpawu zibalulekile moya, leyo kuthiwa ukukhulula nokuba emendweni elide uqhuba umoya lizwe.

Ngaphezu koko, loo nkqubo ibandakanya nokunyuka kuthembeka ngakumbi yaye elula lift caba. Njengoko ukuba iinjini zaye zibekwe kwindawo ezikude kakhulu kuzo itanki, landa ukhuseleko lwabakhweli, ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile kukho umlilo. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile kakhulu neemeko galo elide, ngokuphawulekayo yehlise amazinga ingxolo kwi gumbi abakhweli, yaye lancitshiswa ukya ekupheleni nya ifuthe elibi kubume moya jet ephumayo lisekwa neegesi aphezulu kakhulu obushushu.

Ekubeni ephehla zibekwe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka esqwini longitudinal le fuselage, kwaba kuyenzeka ukuba yokuncitshiswa kwesiphumo sokukhutshwa izinga Yaw iyingozi kakhulu, nto leyo ibangelwa ukungasebenzi omnye iinjini. Okokugqibela, eli cebo enye ibandakanya eli ligatya umsila ezinkulu ngokugqithiseleyo, apho unga nciphisa ngokubaluleka ubunzima yonke imoto (theory).

Namhlanje singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba ukusekwa umkhweli moya Tu - yokugqibela kodwa okungakuncinananga ngokwemfanelo OKB Ilyushin. Ukuba iingcali ze-Bureau for okokuqala kwi-moya wasemakhitshini nje eziqulethwe intsimbi ingqiqo entsha yophuhliso, kodwa ndondlelwe kwakhona ukuba bafezeke.

Ezingeloncedo ubeko entsha

Ke kaloku, bekukho kuloo nguqulo ne injini umsila nezingeloncedo, ezinye zazo ngendlela ebonakalayo. Okokuqala, ubunzima moya ekugqibeleni nangoku kwandiswa njengoko kuyimfuneko ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi lonke icandelo ngumsila wena. Ukongeza, ezi amaphiko na Motors sisothula (amvumela ukuba ukunciphisa ntshikilelo kwi material).

Okwesibini, ngenxa nokubekwa yenjini ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuba kwakufuneka ukwandisa kakhulu izixhobo amafutha lonke, nto leyo iba nefuthe elibi ukuthembeka yonke yoyilo. Okokugqibela, ngenxa yokuba "nahlobuchivaniya" iinjini kwi nomsila, kabukhali zatshintsha yonke ulungelelwaniso-moya, nayo leyo wanika iingxaki ezininzi njengoko abayili kunye nabaqhubi abo wasebenza lo moya.

Kutheni le circuit kodwa iye yamkelwa?

Yonke le umba kwi Uthelekiso mathuba akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Xa iinjineli ingqalelo ngokweenkcukacha izikimu iidrafti IL 62M, iimpawu zazo idabi ngexesha layo, solo athathe isigqibo entle sungula version yemveliso kuyo kunye injini ngasemva-imvelaphi inyuselwa khona. Kuyinto elungileyo, ukuba bathi Kwathi emva mpikiswano kakhulu. Kwaye ke iingcali siqonde ukuba ukuze afezekisise eli cebo, kwakufuneka ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ezinzima ngo layout.

Ngoko ke, ngakumbi IL 62M (MES lwaziswa) usungule inkqubo yokukhangela eyodwa evumela ukuba nokuhlala kwazo kwaye kwimozulu kakhulu ezingalunganga kunye neemeko zemozulu. Kuba okokuqala inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo iye yasetyenziswa, nto leyo moya le ubungakanani kunye nezakhono, nanamhlanje, asinto into eqhelekileyo. ukuthembeka Highest kunye nokusebenziseka - ezi mpawu olwahlula i-IL 62M. USSR (86,513 ibhodi - enye engabandakanywayo ebuhlungu ezimbalwa) ikwazile kwakhona ukudala imoto elula ngokwenene kodwa ezintle.

iimpawu yokusebenza Key

• iimitha Full evulekile - 43.2.
• Le ndawo iyonke iphiko komhlaba, m² - 279,55.
• Ubude iphezulu fuselage, m - 53,12.
• Ubude engundoqo umzimba, iimitha - 49,00.
• I-avareji ubude iimitha lwezindlu - 12,35.
• Onobu- wing ° - 32,5 ° (25% of line Isingqi i).
• uluhlu moya obukhulu, km - 10 000-11 050.
• Ubunzima eliphezulu moya, iitoni - 161.6 (165/167 ukusuka zokuguqulwa).
• iimitha chassis Base - 24,48.
• Ubuninzi kweemitha umkhondo semoto - 6.8.
• Isantya ingami - 850 km / h.
• santya siphezulu - km 870 / h.
• ukuphakama nophahla ngeekhilomitha - 12.

Yintoni umahluko yomatshini kunye index "M" evela neyezingaphambili?

Ezi moya, ezo ukuguqulwa elula IL-62 turbofan injini kufuneka D-30KU. Yokuba zibi ngakumbi kwaye kungcono ukuhambelana nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe kummandla ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo. Isiqu kunye ekwenzeni sele inikwe kwezi koomatshini intle ngokwemiqathango yokubhabha, imilo. Ngenxa ukufakelwa a iinjineli ezintsha isixhobo nitshintshe bakwazi ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo ukuxhathisa umoya xa ibhabha. Ngokwandisa isikhundla se-nkqubo amafutha ekwinqwelo, aba matshini ungenza iindiza elide.

Kwakhona, ezinye izixhobo moya, uyilo moya wongezelela elektroniki ngaphezulu ithathelwe indawo. Ukongeza, izicelo ezininzi pilot, inkqubo umoya-moya zalamaxesha elorini longeziwe. Kuvumelekile ukuba ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo iqondo ukudinwa labaqhubi ngexesha moya elide, ngakumbi kwiindlela ngamazwe.

Ekuphetheni

Imoto sele ngokuphindaphindiweyo yavavanyelwa ukuthobela yonke imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Kude kube ngoku IL 62M, salon leyo eqhelekileyo kubantu balapho ezininzi waseUSSR, utyando zombini ngaphakathi elizweni kwaye kwiindlela ngamazwe. Kuba okokuqala kwimbali moya civil Russian, uninzi lwezi ntaka ayenziwa for kumazwe, yaye amanye amazwe belikhetha ukuba ukuqeshisa aba moya traffic zayo zasekhaya. Eli libali lika-moya IL 62M.