10 iinyani ezinika umdla malunga mbovane. Izibakala kakhulu umdla malunga iimbovane abantwana

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-100 eyadlulayo iimbovane sele belimiwe Umhlaba kwaye phantse ayikhange utshintsho kwindaleko. Kwaye namhlanje, aba zinambuzane lihambe nabantu naphi na apho zezi: emakhayeni abo, endleleni yabo eya emsebenzini, ekhefini, nabo bonke ngenxa ubukhulu bayo ezincinane kakhulu, zenza i-25% ye-biomass eziphilayo kumphezulu-langa.

Nangona kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-13.000 kubo, kwaye zifumaneka phantse kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle Antarctica, abantu bazi ukuba zonke izinto ezinomdla mbovane.

izinambuzane ikhuthele

Kukho inzululwazi ukufunda zokuhlala kunye yokuphila ezi izinambuzane, ebizwa myrmecology. Kwamenywa izazinzulu-kumgangatho wehlabathi, imvelaphi yayo elandwa kwinkulungwane ye-18, bazinikela isifundo kwabo, kodwa okwangoku izinambuzane ikushiye ngokukwazi ukumelana neemeko, okusingqongileyo kunye ubuchule bokulungisa ngokupheleleyo isiduli kwayo, nokuba itshatyalaliswa.

Izazinzulu eziqokelelwe data zinokudityaniswa zibe izibakala 10 umdla malunga iimbovane, nangona ngaphezulu kakhulu.

Into yokuqala, nto leyo eziziimpawu phantse zonke iimbovane, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bahlala phi na, okumangalisayo umsebenzi onzima. An mkhanya ngaphandle kusenokubonakala, ukuba izinambuzane kuzinambuzane elingafani ukusuka endulini imbovane kwaye umva, kwaye eneneni ngamnye kubo abe noxanduva lokuba non-inzaliseko ezifakwe, kwaye nkqu isohlwayo sentambo.

Ukwakhiwa yentaka, ukhuseleko, ucoceko kunye nokutya imveliso yawo - asingabo uxanduva kuphela ezi zidalwa. Sisiseko ikoloni abunjwe lusapho ilungu ngalinye apho, asisiso ngokuphathelele ethile.

usapho formic

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga iimbovane ezingabo indawo isinambuzane kwi abadala kusapho ngalinye. Le nto yesibini, oluvumela weembovane khona iminyaka emininzi kunye nokwandisa ubunini.

Nayiphi mbovane iqala inani elincinane labantu, nto leyo eyandisa ukuya eziliqela million, yomxhaso indawo enkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, intsapho ezi izinambuzane kufuneka podrazelit iimazi, eyindoda, yaye "abasebenzi nzima".

Enoba yintoni isikhundla yentsapho izinambuzane abahlala wonke umntu kufuneka enze ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi wabo - ukumkanikazi unako simbulale, kwakunye mbovane ngumsebenzi. Yonke into ixhomekeke ingqikelelo besibonelelo kunye nokubaluleka ngamnye ukuphuhlisa nokomeleza koloni.

umahluko lwangaphandle phakathi ezahlukeneyo akrozise abonakale ngoku ebusweni samaphiko kwi amadoda namabhinqa, kunye nokunqongophala kwawo labantu abasebenzayo.

Indlela wokuzalwa ixhomekeke kwi "isiqalo." Umzekelo, ukumkanikazi kunye nabasebenzi azalwa ayaqhama kunye eyindoda ukususela amaqanda unfertilized. Ngoko ke, abomvu, abomvu kunye ezimnyama izigaba 3 yokukhula - iqanda, umbungu kunye nguphunguphungu. Akukho iinyaniso kangako umdla malunga nobomi imbovane zinxulumene namakhosikazi abo.

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Queen formic

Xa uWarren ngalinye zingaqala ukusuka kwelinye ukuya ookumkanikazi eziliqela, konke kuxhomekeke ngamathanga ezininzi. Into yesithathu ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni eyiyo losapho - umsebenzi ebalulekileyo namabhinqa ayo. Okumangalisayo kukuba iqabane ukumkanikazi kanye kuphela, yaye amadlozi ifunyenwe kuhlala de kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe, okuhlala ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-12 ukuya kuma-20.

Ezinye iintlobo iimbovane ezi amaqabane libhinqile eyindoda, ehamba emva kwakhe xa ibhabha ukusukelwa, ngoxa abanye kuza qhu into eyindoda. Emva kokukhulelwa, iKumkanikazi ikhetha ukuba ahlale kwi enye imbovane-nduli okanye alungiselele entsha.

Kwimeko beshiya indlwane analo ukufumana nje kuphela indawo efanelekileyo lombutho kweli thanga entsha, kodwa wenza i "igumbi unikezelo", nto leyo eya elinye eqandeni yokuqala. Ukuze aqhubeke iimazi ubomi ezinye iintlobo iimbovane, eshiya indlu endala, ukuba balungiselele uthabathe ukulinywa emyezweni imingxunya, leyo etyelwe kwindawo entsha. Akukho iinyani ezinika umdla malunga iimbovane abantwana?

Ukukwazi akhule ukukhulisa ukutya

Zonke iintlobo 4 izidalwa ezisemhlabeni, "iinkomo" ngokwaso ngabom futhi belima izityalo xa usapho omdala ayikho beswele - kuba iimbovane, amabhungane, iintubi kunye nabantu. Ngelo xesha linye izinambuzane ngenxa yamava iminyaka kwesigidi embalwa ngaphezu kwabantu. Le-4 yinyaniso ubomi ezo zinambuzane.

Ezinye iintlobo iimbovane kuphela kukhule ikhowa ezitiyeni yabo, kodwa kubaphatha zinambuzane, leyo bona 'ukuvelisa'.

Njengoko inqaku myrmecology, akukho nto apho ilizwe yaye apho kumazwekazi ezi nwe iimbovane, bakwazi ukukhula amakhowa, benze kanye okufanayo, nangona ukwabelana ngamava omnye komnye.

Kwezi amathanga ekubeni abasebenzi okhethiweyo unako ukuyenza imisebenzi ekumgangatho ukufuya nokulima amakhowa, ezo Iimbovane esele abaqeqeshiweyo baba "ootitshala 'ukuba abasebenzi abatsha. Ngaba ucinga ukuba loo nto? Hayi, siya Siyaqhuba ukuxoxa ngakumbi iinyani ezinika umdla malunga ziimbovane abantwana hayi kuphela.

Education young

Kwathi kanti, ngenxa iintlobo ezininzi iimbovane ukuba isigqibo sokwabela kuphela loxanduva phakathi kwabantu abasebenza, kodwa lokubafundisa, kuba apho ninabakhaphi ezizodwa. Le into 5 yobomi ezi zinambuzane emangalisayo.

Njengoko myrmecology bathi iimbovane hayi bazalwa izakhono ezithile kunye nobuchule ezibonakalisa umsebenzi wabo ngakumbi isiduli. Xa sinambuzane sikhula, iyithumele i "wabacimi" ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi ezifana nokucoca, ukhuseleko, ukuveliswa kokutya kunye nabanye.

Ukuze ufunde umsebenzi ngentlonelo kunye nezakhono zokusebenza, uphinda abaselula ntoni ngumcebisi. Bafunda nje abantwana babantu. umsebenzi nganye entsha - entsonkothileyo kakhulu, kwaye inikwa nokwenzisa ezi zakhono zangaphambili.

Ngethuba lale nkqubo, kukho ukudibana rhoqo phakathi imbovane-umcebisi kunye umfundi wakhe. Kwakhona iinyani ezinika umdla malunga iimbovane, njengoko oku kuziphatha uphawu kuphela abantu iinkawu ezinkulu. Ngokungafaniyo esikolweni kwabantu kukuba abo uyacotha ukuzalisekisa imisebenzi yayo okanye akakwazi kumelana nabo, musa ukuyishiya kunyaka ozayo, yaye ezithunyelwa kwamanye imisebenzi apho zinokuba luncedo leli koloni.

Ukufuya ezinye izinambuzane ukuba ukutya

Ingongoma lesithandathu ngumlomo kwaye ukukwazi ukuvelisa ukutya kwabo. Kukho ezinye izinto ezinomdla iimbovane, ingakumbi ukusasaza iintwala, imibungu kunye bugs mealy.

abantu abaqeqeshiweyo kuphela kudla 'iinkomo' yabo iziqholo ukuba amadlelo ezintsha, kodwa ukuqokelela incindi labo, nto leyo esetyenziselwa ukutya.

Lo msebenzi ubaluleke kangaka thanga, iimbovane Yek 'umhlambi' zazo xa kukuyeka isiduli.

amakhoboka imbovane

Xa yesixhenxe neyesibhozo, iinyaniso ezininzi ezinomdla iimbovane, iquke igatya echaza ukuba amakhoboka belwa. uhlobo kuphela nje ezimbalwa iimbovane babeqhelisela yobukhoboka, kodwa yathinjwa inani labantu abasebenza kuchaphazela ubomi ngamathanga babo.

Ngenxa yoko wazilanda mhaka 8 ukuba iimbovane ukuziphatha iimfazwe loloyiso ukuze ufumane intsimi yomnye umntu, okanye nobuninzi yobukhoboka. Amabanjwa benza ngokufanayo bakhe imbovane-induli, nje abantu kwabo njengabaphambukeli ubomi umsebenzi kwaye musa ukukhula abantwana babo.

Ngezakhi nokungcwaba

Akukho kakhulu ehlabathini yezilwanyana ukuba angcwatywe nezalamane zabo. Le nyaniso 9 ubeka iimbovane kunye nabantu kunye iindlovu. abacoci ezizodwa ant baphume izilwanyana bakhe kwaye ibekwe ngaphandle kummandla koloni. Lo ngumlinganiselo isilumkiso ukuba iimbovane baphilileyo agule, kunye nococeko ekhaya.

Enyanisweni leshumi uyakwazi ekhethekileyo ziimbovane ekwenzeni ngokwakhe. Oku ekuso, umzekelo, iimbovane umlilo kunye "Amazons". amathanga zonke iimazi basebenzisa parthenogenesis lokuyivelisa ngokwabo ngaphandle ukubandakanywa into eyindoda.