Zokuhlatywa phantsi ndlela: indlela kunye neendleko. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze okuhlatywa umhlaba phantsi kwendlela ngezandla zabo?

Amaxesha amaninzi kukho imfuneko ukubeka iintlobo zonxibelelwano phantsi endleleni okanye kaloliwe. A buchwepheshe evumela ukwenza oku kuthiwa "okuhlatywa phantsi ndlela 'wayedla ke kugrunjwa kwicala tye. Le ndlela zinezibonelelo ecacileyo phezu kwezinye iintlobo zonxibelelwano ngokubekwa. Ngokungafaniyo okuhlatywa isixhobo umsele phantsi kwendlela akuthethi ukuphazamisa ingqibelelo endleleni ngaphandle kokonakalisa utyani. Kwakhona, akuyomfuneko ukwenza isixa esikhulu somsebenzi ekumbiwe kuyo. Le ndlela yaziwa ngokuba trenchless yokubekwa yonxibelelwano.

Into efunekayo izixhobo self-lihlaba phantsi kwendlela

Yenza okuhlatywa phantsi indlela ngezandla zabo - nto iphezu kakhulu nokwenzeka. Ngaphezu koko, ubude balo mayingagqithi mitha ezilishumi. Phambi kokuba uqale, ukulungiselela bonke kuyimfuneko. Uya kufuna oku:

• Bulgarian;
• izando enzima enkulu okanye sledgehammer;
• imivalo eyomeleleyo steel, ubude amakhulu ububanzi emanyeneyo kwindlela 10-20 cm;
• impompo, umbhobho kunye ifanele;
• umthamo omkhulu wamanzi kwi iilitha 100-200;
• umbhobho steel ziqwempu, ubude ogama iyonke lidlula ububanzi lwendlela 15-20 cm;
• izixhobo welding.

Inkqubo

Okokuqala kufuneka ukwemba imisele ezincinane kumacala omabini endlela. Ubunzulu yazo kufuneka ibe ngaphezu ubunzulu kombhobho zokulala. ukukhuthazwa ityhubhu nzulu emhlabeni ziya kuqhutywa ukususela yokwemba enye. Le umhadi yesibini olamkelayo.

Ukusebenzisa ngentonga yentsimbi, ukuhlela isikhokelo ezisendleleni. Nge grinder ziyakhuthazana isiphelo isikhonkwane kwaye uqale iphegi lwayo emhlabeni ngexesha zisenzeka yombhobho elizayo. Ukuba intonga leyo angazange aguqe ukusuka nempembelelo, ubude balo mayingagqithi kweemitha 1.5-2. Xa uqhuba ingxenye eyodwa yi welding, ukuya ekupheleni isikhonkwane elandelayo izando kwakhona. Qhubeka ukuze sisebenze de ingongoma kwicandelo lokuqala lingekho emhadini kunokwamkela.

Ngoku ungakwazi ukuqala substantive umsebenzi. On yezihlunu intonga banxibe yombhobho yokuqala ceke, enyeleni elingaphambili okunyanga grinder, amnike imilo tapered isithsaba. Oku kuya kunika lula ukungena emhlabeni. Kwelinye icala yombhobho sentsimbi yeglasi kwisilayidi kwaye uqale sokubetha ngesando kuyo.

Emva koko safaka impompo xa umphanda ngamanzi, kunye nethumbu tyhala ugwali, ukuya ekupheleni. uxinzelelo lwamanzi lisebenza ekuthambiseni lula ukuhamba zentsimbi kunye nayo inegalelo ukuhlamba ngaphandle umbhobho inkunkuma evela emhlabeni.

Wonke umsebenzi kwamva nje alternation Zimbini iintshukumo - ukuhluzeka kuloko umhlaba ngamanzi kunye nombhobho ibhekisa usebenzisa ngehamile. Qhubeka de kodwa emhadini kwelinye icala lendlela livela kwicandelo tube kuqala.

Njengoko kubonakala, abe okuhlatywa phantsi indlela ngezandla zabo ayikho nzima kangaka. Ngenxa yoko, umele kunye ityhubhu umngxuma ngaloo ukukhokela intonga ngaphakathi. Le pin ngoku lula, njengoko amanzi wahlamba zonke ukungcola ngaphandle ngexesha lokusebenza. kwisiphumo ukusetyenziswa imibhobho njengomnini ngokubamba umbhobho yesibini namatywina ubukhulu ezincinane.

Ukuba ubude kunxibelewano ecetywayo idlula 10 m, oko kusengqiqweni ngakumbi kuba oku kuya isibheno ubugcisa.

Indlela zokomba othe tye zemiyalelo

Le ndlela okuhlatywa phantsi ndlela kukuba ukwenza i pilot oxwesileyo kakuhle okanye nge-njengomqala enedayamitha ndimnikele apho umbhobho ithanda ityala okanye zonxibelelwano. GNB akazange wenziwe kumhlaba owomileyo. Ngexesha ukubhola, unikezelo rhoqo amanzi lwenziwa ukuze enze umhlaba owayetyekele ngakumbi inokusityeda nokuthintela ukuwa beendonga kwamaqula kwakhiwa. Emva kokuba kuvulwe idaliwe, oko alulibaziseki ezisendleleni. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kwelinye icala usibeka esithinzini ekhethekileyo okanye ikepusi, nto leyo fixed ngokuqinileyo. Kwelinye icala ityala kombiwa kulungisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zixhonywe icala lendlela lwenziwa kwi okuhlatywa elirhoxisa ityhubhu. Emva kokugqitywa yinxalenye encinane yombhobho, eliye balinqabisa cap tsala, kuba wayenze isifungo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukubala umda ubude bayo. umbhobho wonxibelelwano ukuqala kwakhona sikhatshwe ubonelelo olungcono lwamanzi ngenxa slip kwi kakuhle.

ubuhle be indlela

Indlela zokomba tye zemiyalelo konga imithombo ixesha kunye nabasebenzi, kuba xa besebenzisa oko akukho mfuneko ukuncothula le tela okanye eziphathekayo ukukhipha indlela. Loo inkqubo alunasiphumo umonakalo kwi kwinkangeleko yendalo. Sebenzisa indlela zokomba tye zemiyalelo babe nolwazi ezahlukeneyo iimeko - phantsi ngoohola, phantsi amadama, phantsi parkland, imizila kaloliwe kunye nezinye izibonelelo. Buyanceda ukusebenzisa olu hlobo trenchless ukubhola kunye ngomqondo kwezoqoqosho.

zokuhlatywa ephethwe

Ummandla apho sihlelwe ukwenza emhlabeni okuhlatywa phantsi kwendlela ziphandwe ngaphambili. Emva koko, uyila iprojekthi, njengoko apho isikhokelo ekujongwe ukuba wenziwe ngokuphepha ukugrumba iqula bypass oxwesileyo yonke imiqobo kunokwenzeka. Umatshini ukubhola babonelelwa nefolokhwe olukhethekileyo ukuzilimaza umlomo. It is eyakhelwe inkqubo indawo uphenyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukulawula kanye intshukumo isixhobo sokugrumba, ulwalathiso nobunzulu imibhobho elizayo. ukuma probe iliso umntu obhale, ihamba phezu komphezulu wendlela sebenzisa radar esweni. Umntu osebenzisa lo matshini ukuba ukubhola, nayo ifumana zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko lokuchaneka ukuphululwa. Ukuthintela fraying wellbore eludongeni oko kusingathwa umxube othile ngodongwe kunye kwezinto polymeric. Le igrisi kuthiwa bentonite.

iindleko zeenkonzo

Yintoni na kwiindleko okuhlatywa phantsi endleleni? Kwinqanaba lamaxabiso kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Aphethwe okuhlatywa usebenzisa izixhobo radar kuza kubiza ngaphezu olungalawulwayo. Ukuba ufuna ukwakha umbhobho elifutshane, ngoko ke umsebenzi ingaphatha umatshini wokugrumba eqhelekileyo abakwazi nenkqubo yokulandelela isikhokelo isixhobo. Izixhobo umngxuma side, ngokuchaseneyo, kufuna esweni rhoqo kwaye hlengiso ngokusebenzisa izixhobo radar. Iinkampani Russian ezifundisa iinkonzo ukwenza i okuhlatywa phantsi amaxabiso esinexabiso 1000 engange imitha nganye, nto leyo edla iindlela ngaphantsi eninzi ukuvula unxibelelwano ekubekeni phantsi endleleni.

Nayiphi na uhlobo lonxibelelwano efunekayo okanye ukudala, nokuba imibhobho yamanzi okanye igesi, amatyala ngenxa iintambo zombane okanye ifayibha optic, a okuhlatywa phantsi indlela - eyona ndlela iphumelelayo yokwenza oku ngokukhawuleza ngokuthembekileyo.