Ziziphi iimpawu uphawu ngenxa izilwanyana? Ezona mpawu ziphambili izinto eziphilayo

Uninzi eziphilayo multicellular eziphilayo bawumiyo umhlaba Sima izityalo okanye izilwanyana. Kubonakala ukuba umahluko phakathi kwabo Kucacile kangangokuba awukwazi mathidala ukuchaza ngayo emehlweni kuqala.

Izityalo bezinto eziphilayo

Nayiphi na into ephilayo bobabo nayiphi engqondweni, uhlobo, iintsapho, imiyalelo, njalo-njalo. Intloko ngokuhlanganisa iindidi na ubukumkani yezityalo kunye nobukumkani izilwanyana. Izityalo bayakwazi ukujikelezisa evela kwizinto ezingaphiliyo lweziphili kwi inkqubo yefotosinthesis kwaye awukwazi ukuhamba, izilwanyana ezitya izityalo kunye nabanye kokubonakalayo ihamba zikhangela ukutya.

UKarl Linney, umseki ukuhlelwa isilwanyana kunye nezityalo ihlabathi, ichonge izityalo njengoko izinto ezikhula niphile, izilwanyana - kukhula, niphile kwaye uzive. Osahluleyo ayihlangabezani neemfuno zale mihla zenzululwazi.

Iimpawu obekwayo zonke izinto eziphilayo

Ukuze kandziyisa ihlabathi uhlobo eziphilayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ngawaphi iimpawu ziqhelekile zonke izinto eziphilayo. Okokuqala, kuba zonke ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

1. Izinto eziphilayo ziyakwazi ukutya kunye pathways iimveliso output nendlela enye okanye omnye ukuze afumane izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuphila eziphathekayo.

2. Ungasa okanye ukutshintsha indawo amalungu omzimba esithubeni.

3. Isizukulwana sabo ezibonisa iimpawu eziphilayo yabazali.

4. Abantu omnye uhlobo kwahluka enye kwenye, neeyantlukwano ukuze ibe zixhomekeke nezizimeleyo kwimfuza.

5. Organisms emane kusabela ezintweni.

6. Uninzi izidalwa eziphilayo uyakwazi ukukhula, ukuze zikhule.

7. Ngethuba ubomi eziphilayo enziwe iinguqu vuhlayiseki.

8. Bayakwazi ziyazala ngokwabo ngathi eziphilayo.

Ziintoni iimpawu a ikuyo eziphilayo

Uninzi iimpawu eziphilayo, xa zithathwa ngokwahlukileyo, inokuba ezendeleyo ehlabathini indalo ezingaphiliyo. Umzekelo, uyakwazi ukukhula ziikristale, amatye ngokucothayo kakhulu, nesuka nawaphula phantsi, ukuze ekugqibeleni liphele ukusuka kwindawo yayo yoqobo. Air, amanzi, iiplanethi nkqu iminyele ezihambayo. Kwelinye icala, imbewu ixesha elide abakwazi ukubonisa umgangatho wabo baphambuke njengentlabathi.

Njengekhonkco elibalulekileyo phakathi kwilizwe labaphilayo kunye nendalo engaphiliyo, kukho iintsholongwane ukuba akukho ekwaziyo ukutya, kufuneka ilungiswe ngohlobo ziikristale, lichithakale kwaye recrystallized, kwaye bangalahlekelwa emva konke oku iipropati azalwa eziphilayo. Iimpawu zezinto eziphilayo - lo kuqala ikhemikali Ukwakhiwa ezimbaxa kunye nobukho ngeemolekyuli ethile yebhayoloji kubume. Ezithile eziphilayo molecule ziiproteni kunye nucleic.

Plants-abakhohlisi

Kwindalo kukho izityalo engaqhelekanga kakhulu iimpawu Nedlac, nto leyo yenza kube yimfuneko ukuba ngawaphi kumnqongo uphawu izilwanyana, kwaye leyo - kuba kwisityalo. Kukho izityalo ukuba yinto enzima ngamatye. Bafana ukuya lekalika, igranite zwi emhlophe. Ezi zityalo kuthiwa Lithops. Njengoko abahlala Intlango, kodwa kunqabile ukuba babandakanyeke amanzi akhoyo kunye nokugcina komisa enkungwini.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba izityalo bayakwazi ukuphendula eku- kwaye cell imichiza ebonisa iimvakalelo zabo ukuba izityalo ukuvelisa izityalo iihomoni.

Zininzi izityalo akakwazi ukwenza yefotosinthesis ufumane izondlo, izinambuzane egudileyo kunye nokugaya kunye nezilwanyana ezincinane. Phakathi kwabo - le sundew, Venus flytrap, umgcini amagqabi kunye neziqu, ngokuqhelekileyo izityalo, kodwa kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Kukho kwakhona zizityalo ezidla Rafflesia Arnoldi, intyatyambo ogama yaba umbala obomvu-brown kuphela. Isityalo ongaliphumeziyo photosynthesis, akukho iinxalenye ezithile kwisityalo, kuphela isakhiwo iseli ukuba bayithwale kummandla yezinto eziphilayo, hayi izilwanyana zasendle.

Indlela yokwahlukanisa izityalo nezilwanyana

Ukuze ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani eziphilayo athile kwiqela elithile eziphilileyo, inzululwazi kufuneka impendulo engagungqiyo lo mbuzo, "yintoni iimpawu uphawu izilwanyana, yintoni umahluko ukusuka izityalo." Nangona kunjalo, ukunika impendulo ecacileyo malunga umahluko phakathi abameli zobukumkani izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ngokwembonakalo yabo kunokuba nzima.

KABLOOM Modern onyanzelwayo ukuba benze izifundo ezintsonkothileyo ezibandakanya amathuba Sciences anxulumene. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iindlela zokuhlalutya zofuzo ezinto lweentlobo, kwakunye data zophuhliso osandul.

Izilwanyana musa uthanda izilwanyana

Ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani na ezinye izidalwa zaselwandle izilwanyana, oko kwakufuneka ukuba ucacise oko kumnqongo uphawu esiphilayo yezilwanyana. Kwadlula oosonzululwazi ngaphezu konyaka, ukuze eziphilayo apho kwakungekho inkqubo yokucola, owayehlala iqhotyoshelwe zeendawana, yaye ifana iintyatyambo engaqhelekanga, ayethunyelwa izilwanyana. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo oko iintlobo eziphilayo kusebenza ephilayo engaziwa, kuyimfuneko ukuba ngawaphi kumnqongo uphawu izilwanyana.

Ukumisela iqela ezingenamqolo baselwandle besekhaya uhlobo oluthile ephilayo eyaziwa kwakunzima kunjalo, oko ekuqaleni bagqiba kwelokuba uwabeke kummandla Pogonophora. Ezi eziphilayo ebudaleni, ndayihluthwa kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, yaye kuyabonakala ukuba azinto njengezilwanyana. Kuphela ukufunda iimpawu uphuhliso lwabo osandul ukuba babele ukuba annelids.

Nomphumela, uphawu kuphela izilwanyana

Xa ubukumkani isilwanyana eziphilayo baninzi lulungiselelwe ukuba zonke iintlobo iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Oku kutshintshwa isakhiwo zabo kunye nenkangeleko. Ukuze siqonde yeyiphi imingeni ejongene Izazi ajongene systematics mihla izinto eziphilayo, dwelisa iimpawu sisilwanyana. Ngoko ke, inkoliso izilwanyana:

1. Akukho photosynthesis, ezi zinto ziphilayo ezi heterotrophic.

2. Le ukudla ngomlomo kulo kwisisu yokwetyisa kuze kwetyiswe kwi-arhente ezikhethekileyo. Power iyasebenza.

3. Izilwanyana eziphilayo bayakwazi ukuhamba. Xa uhlala phezu kwezinye zeendawana, ngale ndlela kudala ikho isenzeko yesibini.

4. Le Ukusabela zovuselelo lwangaphandle ngohlobo iiteksi xa kungekho luvo, okanye reflex, ukuba ikhona.

Ukuze siphendule bayakholelwa ukuba iimpawu uphawu izilwanyana, kufuneka wenze isigqibo sokuba loluphi uhlobo eziphilayo ngawo: olunye-ezineseli okanye multicellular, chordates okanye lomqolo. Kuphela izilwanyana ophezulu ukuthetha iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezifana:

1. Ubukho kwamaqela eziliqela amalaphu: integumentary, izihlunu, izicwili luvo kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi.

2. Ubukho kweenkqubo omzimba ilandelayo: musculoskeletal, wokudla, ezokuphefumla, excretory, nezenzala, kwegazi kunye luvo.

Zeziphi izityalo, ngokungafaniyo izilwanyana ezincane

Ukunika impendulo ecacile umbuzo yomahluko phakathi abameli yezikumkani ezimbini ezinkulu, kuyimfuneko ukuba ngawaphi kumnqongo uphawu izilwanyana, yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo izityalo kwinqanaba zeselula.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili ezahlula lomthiyiseli:

1. iiseli yeziTyalo, ngaphandle inwebu unalo ngokuqinileyo kakhulu iseli udonga equlathe ifayibha.

2. carbohydrate Yiba nenceba izityalo ezifakwe ekwimo otashi polysaccharide.

3. I-cell vacuoles ezinkulu equlethe iseli incindi.

4. Le kukho icytoplasm uye inclusions ngohlobo ziikristale yetyuwa bezimbiwa.

5. plant cells Green ziqulathe plastids - chloroplasts, apho yenzeka khona.

6. Digestive njengongekhoyo ize ukutya ungena isityalo osmotic.

7. Impendulo zovuselelo lwangaphandle ngohlobo tropism.

8. Akukho umthamo intshukumo esebenzayo.

9. iiseli Xa hlula kwasekwa embindini constriction phakathi kwabo kwaye zasasazwa kwimida ethile.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ngawaphi kumnqongo uphawu izilwanyana kwinqanaba zeselula.

1. I iseli istili engekho, i inwebu yeselula obukhoyo kwi plant cells.

2. i Reserve polysaccharide yi glycogen.

3. Xa iiseli zezilwanyana akukho vacuoles ezinkulu. Xa elula eziphilayo kufuneka vacuoles ezincinane, enze umsebenzi ukwetyisa okanye bodwa.

4. iityuwa kwiQela iiseli zezilwanyana, ngokokuqhelekileyo lichithakale.

5. Xa iiseli zezilwanyana abanalo chloroplasts kunye akukho photosynthesis.

6. padding ngexesha division iseli kwaye kwasekwa elintlangothi yandisa ukuya esiseleni eliphakathi.