Ziincwadi - ngobuqhophololo ... Ukusuka isityhilelo ngasese

Development of amaziko zonqulo eziye-icwangciswe kakuhle isakhiwo ekuhlaleni, kukho ukwehla ecacileyo liphuhlise imfundiso yehlelo kweengcinga zabantu, ngokuqhelekileyo nabo iseti iitekisi anegunya benzela umlinganiselo kunye umthombo wabo bonke ubomi unqulo nentanda-bulumko. iitekisi enjalo ibizwa engcwele, yaye babanga ukuba isityhilelo nguThixo. Imizekelo efundileyo na iincwadi ezingcwele yamaKristu, amaSilamsi amaYuda - iBhayibhile, i-Koran kunye umthetho, ngokulandelelana. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba abe nesityhilelo engcwele, le mibhalo ndlela enzima ukusuka ukubhalwa ngokusebenzisa uthotho uhlaziyo emva yaba yimithetho, nto leyo eshunyayelwa imibhalo zokugqibela ephefumlelweyo. Kweli nqanaba, i-proscenium elinye uthotho lweetekisi ebizwa ezingaphefumlelwanga. Greek "Apocrypha" - 'ziyimfihlelo' okanye 'olungelulo olokwenyani'. Ngokufanelekileyo translation ekhona, kunye neendidi ezimbini Apocrypha.

Apocrypha - izityhilelo fake

Njengoko elula kangangoko kunokwenzeka, singatsho ukuba ibali engaphefumlelwanga - yinto isicatshulwa yonqulo, zabhalwa leyo kubalelwa ngunozala unqulo, abafundi bayo, okanye ezinye amagunya abadumileyo isithethe. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo iitekisi eziphefumlelweyo, zingaphefumlelwanga ayibonwa njengemali lokwenene yaye wayesoyikwa aphefumlelweyo kwi igosa kunye nokuphuma ulawulo. Ngenxa yokuba kuthiwa zibubuxoki, oko kukuthi Apocrypha.

iwazi

Ezinye iingcali kwakhona ukwahlula uhlobo olunye uncwadi engaphefumlelwanga, iyakhiwa kwintsingiselo yesibini yekota Greek - a ngasese. ukhona izazi kwiinkqubo ezininzi zonqulo, kwinqanaba lwangaphakathi, vula kuphela adepts phambili kwaye abakhwetha kwi iimfihlelo elithile. Mu kuya kwa nshita iZibhalo bonke Apocrypha adlale indima yesithethe ezihamba esoteric, kukho iSibhalo ukutyhilwa ngexesha, nqanaba liphezulu eyimfihlakalo kukwavulwa iinyaniso ezinkulu. Ukususela nje, ezi nezityhilelo ifihlakeleyo yaye, ke ngoko, incwadi apho thaca kwaye ziyachazwa, uyintsumantsumane kuye. Umzekelo olu hlobo loncwadi unako ukukhonza njenge ezilungileyo ofihlakeleyo kaMarko, kanye zigcinwa kwi wase Church, njengoko ingxelo yi bobu Uchitel Kliment.

Apocrypha e ubuKristu

Ukuba sithethe ngayo ngokwesithethe zamaKristu Apocrypha, ngemibandela amaqela amane lweetekisi ezichongiweyo:

1. I-Old Testament Apocrypha.
2. Apocrypha iTestamente Entsha.
3. Apocrypha Intertestamental.
4. Vnezavetnye Apocrypha.

1. Le Apocrypha endala - yiTestamente Endala. Ibhekisela kwixesha bekubhalwa umzimba eziphambili zeetekisi zeTestamente eNdala. Kudla kubangelwa amanani kwibhayibhile abadumileyo - Adam, uAbraham, uMoses, uIsaya kunye nabanye oosolusapho kunye abaprofeti neTanakh. Ezi ncwadi kukho ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, khumbula zodwa iincwadi kaYeremiya neNdumiso kaSolomon.

2. Iqela ITestamente Entsha ziincwadi iquka uluhlu lweetekisi ezifanayo ngenye uhlobo nokubhala imisebenzi ziquka uluhlu iTestamente Entsha. ababhali babo ngegama ziqukiwe kwesazinge abafundi basondeleyo bakaKristu - abapostile kunye nabanye abafundi uMsindisi. Umzekelo oku kusebenza zingaphefumlelwanga Protoevangelie uYakobi.

3. Apocrypha intertestamental - elinye iqela leetekisi. Ixesha kungagqibekanga lokulungiselela lwabo - 400 BC iminyaka 30-40. BC Elo xesha kungenxa yokuba le ncwadi yokugqibela yesiHebhere ncwadi yayibhalwe malunga 400 BC, kwaye incwadi yokuqala, ebhekisela iklasi zeTestamente eNtsha, kwiminyaka 30-40. Zabhalwa kubalelwa kubalinganiswa zabo iTestamente eNdala. Ngobume bayo, uncwadi intertestamental idla YeApocalypse. Incwadi kaEnoki bungabonakala phakathi kwezinye iincwadi efanayo.

4. Vnezavetnye Apocrypha - ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwazi ukubona iqela imisebenzi leyo, abasakhasayo kunye nokubaluleka ngokucacileyo ngaphezu nje iincwadi zonqulo. Baye nabo sele izazi ngabanye abashumayeli neencwadi eziphefumlelweyo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ubume bayo kunye nesiqulatho akukho sezandleni ukuba ezinye iindidi ezintathu. umfanekiso ocacileyo imisebenzi ezinjalo imibhalo Gnostic. Phakathi kwabo sinokukhumbula ingqokelela izicatshulwa ngokwendlela le Nag Hammadi. Akwanelanga Incwadi Apocrypha, kunye nethala uncwadi zamaKristu esoteric.

Yini ephawula phantse na Apocrypha? Oku bonke bephela ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ibango ntoni ukuba entry ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo kungena esemthethweni uluhlu imibhalo ephefumlelweyo. Abanye bade ixesha elithile bakwazi. Abanye baye baba nempembelelo kakhulu kwi ukuyilwa inguqulelo efanayo "Ilizwi likaThixo". Umzekelo, iNcwadi engaphefumlelwanga kaEnoki acatshulwe kwi ezakha Epistle of St. uJude. Kwaye ibandla mTiyopiya ngxi phakathi ngcwele, kunye iTorah kunye zevangeli ezine ezivunyiweyo.

Okunye Apocrypha, phantse bonke wakhanyela ngamandla ekuqaleni, ukuba kamva jikelele ezamkelwa njengeziphefumlelweyo. KwiTestamente eNtsha ezi ncwadi na kwiNcwadi yeSityhilelo kunye kwaneeleta eziliqela.

isiphelo

Ekuqaleni ukusasazeka kobuKristu, nini, phakathi izikolo ezininzi kunye namahlelo Abammisi inkokeli ezithile, kwakukho iqela elikhulu zezicatshulwa, abathi indima ndinesityhilelo nguThixo, ukuba akunjalo, ngoko ke ubuncinane igunya kunazo. Omnye zeVangeli, bekukho ngaphezu amahlanu, yaye eneneni noluntu ngamnye ingqokelela yalo imisebenzi for yena. Emva koko, inkqubo yokusasaza kunye nophuhliso wamasiko yamaKatolika, ezinye iitekisi baqalisa busa phezu kwezinye, kunye neenkokheli zoluntu ezinkulu waqalisa kungalelwa abalandeli yayo ukufunda imisebenzi asibonakali. Xa kafolikov party ngenkulungwane IV wafumana inkxaso epheleleyo evela kurhulumente, "ngabawexuki" imfazwe yokwenene sabhengezwa izicatshulwa. imithetho ezizodwa kunye nemiyalelo oobhishophu yonke imisebenzi komlawuli ukuba kange afakwe kweyona ndawo ifanelekileyo ukuze kutshatyalaliswa. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho nkqu nabo mibhalo, leyo ngaphambili njengengcwele phakathi kwabo amarhamente wamasiko. Umzekelo, iVangeli uPetros. Ngoko ke namhlanje zonke olutsha engaphefumlelwanga - a ukuzwa kwihlabathi yenzululwazi. Oku kungqinwe ukufunyanwa esandukubakho yeVangeli kaYudas, ngaphambili zicingeleka ebilahlekile. Ukanti ebalulekileyo, yaye mhlawumbi inkoliso yamaKristu Apocrypha wabatshabalalisa nasekugqibeleni ebilahlekile.