Zihlolwe njani iinjongo? Iinkqubo zophando ukujonga ukuba iintso ziphilile

Izifo ze-genitourinary system ziqhelekile. Abasetyhini abaninzi bayazi ukuba yiyiphi i-pyelonephritis engapheliyo, kuba le ntsholongwane iyinkimbinkimbi yokukhulelwa. Izifo zezintso zingakhokelela kwimiphumo eyingozi, efuna ukuhlanjululwa rhoqo kwegazi kwizinto ezinobuthi (hemodialysis). Isifo sinemibangela emininzi (umzekelo, i-inheritorial predection, i-hypothermia, ukusuleleka kwizitho zangasese, njl.), Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ivela ngokungenasiphelo, oko kukuthi, ayikhathazi loo mntu, ngoko ke wonke umntu kufuneka azi ukuba ahlolisise iintso. Oku kuya kunceda ngexesha lokufuna uncedo lwezonyango kwaye uphephe iingxaki ezinzulu.

Isakhiwo seentso

Iingongobumba zinyamakazi zidibeneyo kwiphondo lumbar. Umsebenzi wabo oyintloko ngowakhelo lomlambo. Iizintso zixhasa uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-oncotic kwaye zivelise i-erythropoietin. Iyunithi yesiseko esisiseko - i-nephron - iqulethe i-vascular part (glomeruli) kunye ne-tubules. Iyokuqala inoxanduva lokuhlanjululwa kwegazi kunye nokwakhiwa komchamo wokuqala. Iyesibini - zibandakanyeka ekubuyiseleni kwakhona izinto eziyimfuneko kumzimba. Ekugqibeleni, kusekho umkhiqizo owenziweyo obalulekileyo-umchamo wesibini. Ukuba kwinqanaba elithile kuphazamiseka, umsebenzi wezintso uya buthathaka. Oku kuboniswa ngenguqu ekubunjweni okanye ekulandeleni umchamo. Ukuqonda indlela yokujonga iinjongo ngokwakho, kufuneka ukwazi ngeengxaki ze-diuresis, eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke izigulane. Ezi zingabandakanya ukwehla okanye ukwanda kwinqweno yokuguqula, utshintsho kumbala we-urine, ukutyelela rhoqo okanye kungavumelekanga ukuya kwindlu yangasese.

Izindlela zokufunda iinjongo

Kukho iindlela ezininzi onokukufumanisa ngayo i-pathology ye-urinary system. Kwiziko lezonyango, iinjongo zihlolwe ngeesampuli ezikhethekileyo, umzekelo, ngokuhlalutya kweZimnitskiy, Nechiporenko, iAmburzh. Zonke ezi ndlela sele zisetyenzisiwe ixesha elide, ngoko kusebenza kwazo kuboniswe. Isampula ngasinye kufuneka ukuba uhlolisise umsebenzi othile, umzekelo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-Zimnitskiy kuvumela ukubonakalisa ukuphulwa kwamandla okucoca, ngokutsho kukaNechiporenko - ubukho bokuphendula ngokuvuvukala kunye ne-hematuria. Ukuxilonga ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kweemviwo zeensimbi. Urography kunye ne-biopsy ingasetyenziswa kwiindlela ezinjalo. Umgangatho wegolide uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound yeentso. Ngolunye lweendlela, ukuba kunyanzelekile, lonyulwe ngugqirha kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ufumane i-pathologies ethile.

Bajonga njani ukuba iintso ziphilile?

Ukuze uqonde ukuba kukho isifo sezintso, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela ingqalelo kwizikhalazo zesigulane, ngakumbi ukuba kukho iimpawu ezinjengokwanda kwexesha kunye nokuguquka ekuhambeni, ukuxutywa kwegazi kumchamo, ukwanda kwe-diureis yasebusuku. Isibonakaliso esibalulekileyo sibuhlungu kwisithili esilungileyo, kwisisu esisezantsi ngasekunene okanye kwesobunxele. Ukongeza kwiimpawu eziphambili, kunokunyuka okuthe kratya kumgangatho wobushushu bomzimba, ubuthathaka obuninzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, isifo sesifo sesandulela i-angina, izifo zokuphefumula ezinzulu, i-hypothermia. Iimpawu zingakhuba kwaye zonyuka uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ezi zimpawu zivela nge-glomerulonephritis - inkqubo yokuvuvukala kwi-glomeruli, eneendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kule nxu lumano, yodwa inxalenye yempawu okanye enye yazo ingabangela. Ziyihlolwe njani iinjongo ukuba kukho iimihla? Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni imbangela yokubonakala kweempawu. Ukuba ukuvuvukala kuqhubekile kusasa, kwaye kwintetho, kuyathambile kwaye kuyashushu, ngoko kufuneka uhambe ngokubonisana ne-nephrologist.

Iindlela zoviwo zoqobo

Emva kokuhlalutya ngokukodwa kwezikhalazo kunye nokucaciswa kwe-anamnesis yesifo, kubalulekile ukuqhuba uviwo. Okokuqala kufuneka uhlolisise imeko jikelele yesigulane kwaye uhlolisise zonke iinkqubo, uze uqhubeke nokuhlolwa ngokuthe ngqo kwilungu eligulayo. Ungajonga njani iinjongo ngaphandle kweendlela ezizodwa zemviwo? Kubalulekile ukuvavanya imeko yendawo yesalathisi (akukho zitshintsho ezibonakalayo, ubuqhophololo) kunye nokwenza i-palpation. Ukuziva ukuba ilungu lingaba zikhundla ezahlukahlukeneyo zesigulane: ulele esisu sakhe, emele kwaye ehleli. Ngokwenza njalo, isigulane sicelwa ukuthatha umoya ophefumlelweyo, ngexesha apho ugqirha azisa izandla zakhe eduze kweentso ezinokubamba. Ekuphumeni komzimba ugqirha uzama ukuqonda ilungu kwaye alinganise ubungakanani balo, ubukho beentlungu, isakhiwo, ukuhambelana kunye nendawo. Kwizigulane eziphilileyo, iintsholongwane zingenakulinganiswa, oko kukuthi, abaziboleki kwintetho.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngeentsholongwane zeentso?

Indlela yokujonga iinjongo, ngaphandle kwesibetho, bonke ugqirha kufuneka bazi. Ukuba inkqubo yokuvuvukala iyakrokrelwa, iimvavanyo ezizodwa zemisebenzi zenziwa ukuvavanya ubukho okanye ukungabikho. Indlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke kukuba "uphawu lwe-effleurage". Iqhutyelwa ngugqirha-ugqirha ofuna ukukhupha isifo sesifo. Ukongezelela, le ndlela isetyenziswe nasiphi na isibhedlele kunye nomjikelezo wogqirha wosuku. Isampuli senziwa xa isigulane simile okanye silele esiswini sakhe. Ugqirha ubeka intendelezo yesinye kwiindawo zeengtso, kwaye enye ikwenza ukunyakaza okuchukumisayo kunye nayo. Emva koko kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha icala. Isampuli ivumela ukuvavanya ubukho bobuhlungu kwiintso ezilungileyo okanye ezisekhohlo. Ubuhlungu bubonisa inkqubo yokuvuvukala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphendula okulungileyo "kwiimpawu zempembelelo" kubonwa nge-pyelonephritis-imeko yesifo kwi-tubules.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokwenza umgangatho we-urine

Ukuba kukho ukukrokra kwezifo zengqondo, ezininzi iimvavanyo zisetyenziselwa ukufumana utshintsho kungekhona ubungakanani kuphela kodwa nomgangatho womchamo. Ezi zivavanyo zelabhoratri ziquka isampuli ngokweNechiporenko, Amburzh, Kakovsky-Addis. Zonke ezi hlalutyiweyo ziquka ukuthatha inxalenye yesilinganiso somlambo. Ezi zinto zihlolisiswa ngenxa yobukho be-leukocytes, iiselom zegazi ezibomvu kunye neesilinda. Kuzo zonke iimeko, ukubalwa ngqo kwezinto ezifanayo kufakelwa, emva koko isiphelo sinikezelwa.

Iisampuli ziyahlukana komnye nomnye kwinto nganye kwezi ziqondiso eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo. Uhlalutyo lwe-Nechiporenko lubonwa kakuhle, i-leukocyte ibalwa ngaphantsi kwe-2000, kunye ne-erythrocytes engaphantsi kwe-1000 kummandla wombono. Izilwanyana ezineenkcukacha eziqhelekileyo zithathwa ngokungaqhelekanga, isiqhelo singaphezulu kwama-500. Kuhlalutyo lwe-Amburge ne Kakowski-Addis, izinto ezifanayo ziyafana. Ukwahlukana kukuba kwizinga lokuqala - iiyunithi ezingama-200 kunye ne-100, kwaye kwisibini yesibini kunye nezigidi ezi-1.

Uhlalutyo lomchamo ngo-Zimnitsky

Indlela yeZimnitsky isetyenziselwa ukuchonga utshintsho ekubunzeni umthamo. Ukuphambuka kokuhlalutya kwimiqathango kubonisa ukuphulwa komsebenzi wokugxilwa kweentso. Isalathisi esiyinhloko, esahlolwayo xa senza isampuli ngokwemiqathango yeZimnitsky, sisisondelelo samanani emlambo, esifanele sitshintshe emini. Xa kunciphisa, unokucinga ngokulahleka okukhulu kwemithombo yamanzi, edlalwa rhoqo kwi-diabetes mellitus. Ukuba ukunyamezela kugcina kwinqanaba elifanayo lonke ixesha, ngoko kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuphulwa, apho izintso zilahlekelwa khona ukugxila kumchamo, oko kukuthi, ukukwazi ukubuyisela kwakhona. Uvavanyo luquka ukuthatha iimvavanyo kulo lonke usuku, iiyure ezintathu (ii-8 servings). Ekugqibeleni, i-diuresis yemihla ngemihla, ukulingana kwemini ukuya kubusuku bokuhlwa, kunye nokulahleka kwamaprotheni kubalwa.

Imithetho yokuqokelela i-Urine ukuhlalutya

Xa utshintsho olulungelelaniso okanye olulinganiswayo lomlo, ugqirha kufuneka aphuhlise esinye isicwangciso sokuxilonga, oko kukuthi, ucinga ukuba njani uhlolisise iintso ngokucokisekileyo kunye nezophi iindlela eziphambili zophando ozobanika zona? Kwezinye iimeko, ukuhlalutya kakubi kuxhomekeke kwindlela engafanelekanga yokuthatha izinto. Ukuze isifundo sobhoratri sichaneke, kuyimfuneko:

1. Phakamisa ngokupheleleyo izitya zomchamo.
2. Ukukhupha indlu yangasese yezitho zangasese zangaphandle ngaphambi kokuvavanywa.
3. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalisa igumbi ngomchamo, kuyimfuneko ukuyivala, ukuze ugweme ukufumana ibhaktheriya.
4. Emva kokuqokelela, thatha umchamo kwi-laboratory ngaphakathi kweeyure eziyi-1-2.

Ukubaluleka kweendlela zokwenza uphando lwezinto

Ukuxilongwa kokugqibela kungenziwa emva kokuqhuba iindlela ezizodwa zophando, ezibandakanya i-ultrasound ye-renal, urography eyinqaba, i-biopsy. Ezi ndlela zivumela ukufumana ilungiselelo elingalunganga lomzimba (i-nephroptosis), ubukho bobunzima bokuphuhliswa (i-polycystosis, kabini), iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibonisa ubukhulu bawo kunye nomlo. Kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-pyelonephritis engapheliyo nangokuba kungekho kubonakala kwayo (ukwandiswa kwe-CLS kwi-ultrasound). Bazijonga njani iintso xa bekrokrela inkqubo enobungozi? Thatha i-biopsy elandelwa ukuhlolwa kwe- histological kunye ne- cytological yezinto eziphathekayo.