Zeziphi ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo ngobungxamo?

ukhuseleko Ubomi kubalulekile ukuba abantu bonke, ngoko kufuneka kusetyenziswe imigaqo eyamkelekileyo. Kuthuthwa kuyimfuneko babelungiselela ngokurhoxiswa abantu kwiindawo ezinobungozi kunye yokuhlala kwindawo entle. Esi siganeko ikuvumela ukuba asindise ubomi babantu kunye nempilo.

Baphume kubandakanya ukurhoxiswa kuphela labemi kodwa umbandela kunye neenqobo zenkcubeko. imibutho ezizodwa basebenza kwithuba olungxamisekileyo ukunceda ukuthintela imizuzwana ezibi. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo ngobungxamo, ezahlulwe ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola.

iintlobo baphume

Zeziphi ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo ngobungxamo? Lo mcimbi kwenzeka:

• Partial: kusengaphambili labantu kwamanye amazwe, hayi abasebenzi kumacandelo yokuvelisa kunye nenkonzo, ayiyi kuchaphazeleka ishedyuli kwezithuthi;
• eqhelekileyo: imibutho kumazwe angaphandle kunye uphume abantu zokuhlala kunye nokuhlaliswa kwindawo ekhuselekileyo;
• saa: zokuthumela abemi nakubasebenzi abenza umsebenzi imveliso ngexesha lemfazwe;
• ixesha: nokuhlaliswa kwabantu abavela kwiindawo ezinobungozi ukuya ekhuselekileyo, ukuba kukho isoyikiso eentlekele zendalo okanye ezenziwe ngabantu.

Ngobungxamo lwenziwa ngexeshana elifutshane. Umcimbi uphela xa bonke abantu abasuswe kwindawo eyingozi. Zeziphi ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo ngobungxamo?

Ngokuhlala ngezizathu

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo ngobungxamo ngezizathu:

• engozini: nokususwa kwabantu abavela kwiindawo lwekhemikhali,, iziphumo radioactive zebhayoloji, umonakalo omkhulu, izikhukula kunye neminye imiba;
• yi indlela: ngobungxamo ingaqhutywa usebenzisa isithuthi kunye ngeenyawo kunye ngendlela ezahlukeneyo;
• libanga: zasekuhlaleni (enye indawo), indawo (kwi ummandla wesifundo), wenqila (District Federal), kaRhulumente (kulo lonke ilizwe);
• Ixesha: ixesha (ngosuku), eliphakathi (ukuya kwinyanga 1), ubude (ngenyanga ngaphezulu kwe-1).

Zonke iintlobo ngobungxamo kubalulekile ukuba zicwangcise yonke into ekufuneka yenziwe ngocwangco. Kungelo xesha kuphela aya uphephe imiphumo ebuhlungu.

Amanqaku iintlobo esiphuthumayo

Ziziphi iindidi ngobungxamo zisetyenziswa xa kukho amathuba engozi okanye ezinye iingozi? Esi siganeko kuthiwa advance. Oku kwenziwa kwi ingozi isahlakalo loyilo ngaphaya basis iingozi kumaziko eziyingozi kunye neziphumo ezibi. Isiseko ke elifutshane kuqikelelo lwemozulu ukusuka imizuzu ukuya iintsuku eziliqela.

Xa kukho ingozi ingozi othukile, koko kubanjwe ngobungxamo likaxakeka. nokususwa kwabantu kummandla esibi lwenziwa kunye nexesha encinane ukulibaziseka kunye nefuthe abantu imiba umonakalo. Lo mcimbi ububanjelwe waphula umthetho oqhelekileyo inkxaso ubomi babantu xa kukho isoyikiso kubomi babantu kunye nempilo.

amanyathelo ayimfuneko zikhethwa ngokusekelwe ukwanda kunye nobunjani ubungozi, uqikelelo ukunyaniseka. Xa kunjalo, abantu kufuneka banikwe uncedo oluyimfuneko ukuze bakwazi ukuphelisa isoyikiso kubomi babantu kunye nempilo.

ucwangciso umcimbi

Zonke iintlobo ngobungxamo kufuneka icwangciswe. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ubunkokheli zokunxiba, iinkonzo zokhuselo likaxakeka yoluntu. Kwakhona kumsebenzi entsimini kunye nemibutho zokufudusa evakopriemnye kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ucwangciso wenziwa nkqo: Republic - ummandla - zesithili isixeko - kwishishini.

Ukuze ukhethe umyalelo nolandelelwano lwemisebenzi baphume chithwa ngolunya ziqhutywa kwangaphambili. Population ubalo lwenziwa maqela alandelayo:

• abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi imibutho esebenza kwithuba imfazwe, unike umsebenzi ebalulekileyo lali;
• abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi ekuhamba umsebenzi ngexesha lemfazwe ukuya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo;
• abafundi zeeyunivesithi, iikholeji, iinjingalwazi, ootitshala, abasebenzi, abafundi kwizikolo zokubhoda, ezintandane, abadla umhlala-phantsi, abangaphangeliyo, abasebenzi zorhwebo.

Zonke iintlobo ngobungxamo iyenziwa ngokusekelwe kula maqela. It Kuyimfuneko ukuba intshukumo enocwangco indawo ekhuselekileyo abantu.

Ulandelelwano zokususwa labantu

Zonke iintlobo ngobungxamo zifuna ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza yabemi kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Ngoncedo zothutho zithathwa:

• imibutho lwezonyango;
• abantu abangenazo ithuba uhamba wedwa (abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, iminyaka abantwana abangaphantsi 14 ubudala, abagulayo, abalupheleyo);
• abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi shifts ezamahala ukuba kuqhubeka ukusebenza ngexesha lemfazwe;
• kubasebenzi bamaziko kulawulo lukarhulumente.

Inani labemi eliseleyo uboniswa ku ethubeni yesibini. Abasebenzi kumacandelo ezoqoqosho, abasebenzi emizini kudidi ukufudusa kuhlala ngokweendawo zabo baze balungiselele yokuhlala.

ilungiselelo

Ngexesha ucwangciso, ukulungiswa, ekwenzeni ngobungxamo kufuneka zikhethwe ukuqinisekisa:

• ukuhlola;
• izithuthi;
• Izixhobo zonyango;
• izinto kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa;
• ukhuselo komthetho.

imithetho nangokuyisasaza

Zonke iintlobo neendlela ngobungxamo kuthetha ukuzaliseka chithwa ngolunya. Esi siganeko kunceda yokubamba nemibutho nokuthunyelwa neehotele ngokweendidi yokuhlala kwindawo ipoma ukuhlala.

Chithwa ngolunya kwabasebenzi bako:

• izakhiwo ezizodwa kwezoqoqosho ukwenza umsebenzi, nto leyo musa ukuba iziseko zemveliso ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi;
• amaziko unoxanduva nokugcinwa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezinto ngezigaba imizi.

Abasebenzi ibekwe eduze izixeko kudidi ngeenxa zonke izikhululo kaloliwe, indlela, amanzi. Le mimandla baxhotyiswa zokufihla anti-radiation lenyama.

imigaqo yokhuseleko engineering

Iindidi eziphambili ngobungxamo zifuna ukubulawa izinto ezininzi. Phakathi kwazo, ukhuseleko zobunjineli. Oku kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo engozini, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iindidi zabantu akhawunti, geodetic, uphando zejoloji, imigaqo yokusetyenziswa komhlaba. Phakathi kwimisebenzi ephambili wokhuseleko engineering ziquka:

• labantu yokufihla eziphumelela zixhotyiswe;
• isicelo lwezindlu zoluntu, izakhiwo mveliso, exhotyiswe imigaqo yokhuseleko;
• ukusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo atywinwe ibekwe ngeenxa zonke izibonelelo radiation kunye kwemichiza;
• abantu yokufihla kwiindawo apho self-ukutywina sele wenziwe;
• ukukhuselwa iikhemikhali kuphalele yonxunguphalo;
• ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zobunjineli ukukhusela uluntu iziganeko ezibi.

Protection yokuhlala

Iyeza isebenzayo kuthathwa ukuba ithembekile yoyilo yokusabela ukukhusela yoluntu. Ezi zithinteli zahlulwe okhuseleko kunye noyilo antiradiation.

Ababefuna singahlukaniswa amandla, indawo indawo, ukufumaneka iindlela nocococ, ixesha wendalo. Ngezi ezakhiwe abantu lokukhuselwa udubulo zenyukliya, amaza, amacandelo eziyityhefu, arhente bacteriological. Yabagula ngengqondo esekwe kwintsimi, ongayi kuba nako nezikhukhula. Baye izimvo kunye neziphumo, kunye zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka zisetyenziswa kwimeko ukuvaleka.

Angaboni iindawo asetyenziswa ukhuseleko kwimitha. Baye kwakhiwa ngamaxesha ngoxolo, yaye abanye babo wadala amathuba okuba yongquzulwano ngezixhobo. Zidla baxhotyiswa kwi izisele, angaphantsi, izisele. Ngezi zakhiwo labantu ekhuselweyo kwimitha radioactive, ziingozi imichiza, kwiintlekele zemvelo. Ukukhusela isakhiwo kwaye ziquka yokuhlala elula.

Iingcali ukucebisa umntu ngamnye ukulungiselela ukuba kuphunywe, kuba oko kunokuthi kwenzeke ngesiquphe. Ukuze wenze oku, ukulungiselela amaxwebhu, imali, izinto zexabiso, ngoko ke sihlale njalo kwindawo esemboniselweni.

Kwiindawo apho kukho amathuba ngobungxamo, ukugcina izinto eziyimfuneko ubhaka wakhe. Xa isiganeko esinjalo uza kufuna ukutya iintsuku 2-3. PPE kufuneka, nekufuneka isoloko igcinwe kwindawo evelele. Le migaqo iya kuvumela phantsi kwazo naziphi iimeko ukuba uzilungiselele ukuba baphume.