Zeolite - yintoni na le nto? zeolite Natural nezenziwe. Zeolite: iipropati, izicelo, iinzuzo tywaleni

Igama le yezimbiwa emangalisayo kuvela zeo Greek - «kiplyu" kunye lithos - «ilitye", kuba xa ezehlisa emanzini kuba amaqamza ixesha elide.
zeolite Natural ochazwe kuqala kwinkulungwane XVIII. ezimbiwa Light shades ezahlukeneyo kwaye ukuxinana sedimentary-mlilo imvelaphi, yande kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Druze ziikristale zezinye iintlobo umdla kubaqokeleli ze ngamatye.
An abathengi abaqhelekileyo Laziwa iziyobisi French "Smekta" libhekisela kuzo kunye neentsana amanzi yokulunywa. Yenziwe le zeolite zokwenziwa.

Isakhiwo misindo

Zeolite - igama ngokubanzi-sikhokelo aluminosilicate evela entsimini kwaye kwenziwa ofana nawo. ahlelwe crystal bubonakaliswe tetrahedra of oxides of lesilicon aluminium zidibene kwizakhelo umtya kunye nemingxuma ubungakanani obufanayo nizele ukuse- ialakalin kunye ialakalin-nomhlaba metal kunye namanzi iimolekyuli.
Yintoni zeolite esinexabiso umdla? Iimpawu ze ilitye ukuya ukufunxeka kunye namanzi ilahleko ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa sikhokelo crystal kwee- Exchange ifumana ukusetyenziswa njengesixhobo, adsorbent, ion umzimba, ngesihlungulo eziphilayo. Yeyona isakhiwo aneentunja kunye neyantlukwano le ion ukumisela umgangatho walo, ukwenza zeolite neemfanelo ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza, enyukliya, icandelo lokutya, ezolimo, ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye namayeza.

ziikristale Openwork kunye nomsebenzi emdaka

Zeolite - yinto oguquguqula ion: linikeza potassium kunye ion calcium, kunye micro-kunye nezinye macro, kwaye endaweni uchola ion oyityhefu ubenza emkhusaneni yayo.

ezimbiwa Prokalonny ine izifunxi amandla ukuya kutsho kuma-50% ngo umthamo. Ukususela ekuqaleni ngenkulungwane XX eyifumanayo isicelo kwishishini petrochemical for wokutsala amanzi nokucocwa neoli, kuba slurries isamente kwindawo zamaqula.

Akwaziyo ukufunxa ngenkuthalo amanzi nje kuphela, kodwa iindidi kwemichiza kunye eziphilayo zongcoliseko: izinyithi enzima, nitrate, izinambuzane, atom, ioli. Isetyenziswa yi mveliso igesi kunye nonyango amdaka.

Misa, radiation!

Inzala e zeolites landa emva kwengozi eChernobyl. izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo Radioactive ye atom kunye kwiteksti eziyingozi zabantu kuba ephilayo ebona njengoko calcium potassium ion zabo oluhlala. Le liquidators kwakhona ukukhusela ngaphakathi nje utywala kunye newayini ebomvu.

abaphandi zaseSiberia elikhokelwa Academician Vasiliem Ivanovichem Bgatovym wazisa Pripiat zeolite. Kuye bayisile ngesingqusho, ezixutywe namanzi kunye wondla emva liquidators utshintsho. Kamva, kwaphethwa: xa kuthe nxaxheba abangazange ongazishiyiyo le "ukuhlanganisa", iimpawu zokugula radiation njengoko buthathaka, utshintsho leukocyte ukubalwa, ukubola kwamazinyo wabonakala isidanga encinane kakhulu.

Ngowe-1998, oko yasekwa ngenxa yokulungiselela eziphathekayo "Litovit 'zibonwa indlela ilungileyo ukususwa kulo mzimba atom radioactive kunye kwiteksti.

Ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa zokuhlala kwamanzi zeolite of Ukraine ngamanzi emva kwengozi bekuya kuba nzima. Sokirnit lokusetyenziswa intsimi Transcarpathian kuzo zonke izikhululo inani amanzi sokuhlambela Dnieper. Kwakhona decontaminated namanzi amdaka avela akhutshelwa Pripyat ukusuka esitishini. Ehambahamba esibekwa zeolite kunciphisa amanzi ziintshulube dvuhmetrovy isotopically ezimbini zobukhulu.

Emva kokuba ngozi e Fukushima nayo kusetyenziswa iingxowa zeolite ukuba ufunxe atom, ohlisa nabo kwinkqubo yokukhupha amanzi ukuze kucuthwe ungcoliseko amanzi olwandle.

Mining and production

Kwihlabathi kukho imali ebekiweyo malunga 1000, apho kunokwenzeka ukuvelisa zeolite yendalo (tuff) ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Kwi-USSR kwakukho ezingaphezu kwama-20 - ukusuka Transcarpathia kunye eCaucasus ukuba Sakhalin. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso mveliso kunye nemfuneko ke yokuba ukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela baqalisa ukuvelisa zeolite zokwenziwa. Kuyo inxenye kwealkali iintsimbi ialakalin nomhlaba ithathwa yi alkyl ammonium ion. inqwaba kuhlelwe kwezinto eziphilayo, kwezinye apho akukho nucleoside zendalo. Xa inkqubo yemveliso i Umnxybe amorphous esebenzayo structured kubushushu akukho ngaphezulu kwe-200 ° C.

kwemathiriyeli yokwakha

.K tuff Armenian eyaziwa ngokuba phantse emithathu zephepha kwisakhiwo kwaye awugqibe eziphathekayo kunye iipropati kakhulu. Bona zazizaliswe izindlu ezintle Yerevan nasemizini ezininzi ehlabathini lonke.

zeolite Natural ifumana sebenzisa njenge lokufaka ekuvelisweni ophezulu-amandla eziphathekayo, umzekelo izakhiwo hydraulic, ukwakhiwa monolithic. Ichithela ukusuka kwimveliso eqingqiweyo zokwenziwa uhambe kwimathiriyeli yokuvelisa amagwebu zeselula, yezitena ceramic.

imveliso zokuvala ifilimu izinto, ezingatshiyo iindonga, ikhadibhodi, iphepha, ipeyinti, inks, iiplastiki - zonke zifuna ukusetyenziswa zeolite.

Kwaye ngenxa iikati, neentlanzi

Uluhlu olubanzi ukusetyenziswa ekhaya isekelwe kwinto yokuba zeolite - a sorbent. Bokomisa for izihlangu, fillers ngenxa akwariyam kunye cat inkunkuma, absorbers iphunga iifriji, izinongo, imimoya owomileyo - hayi uluhlu alupheli yeemveliso luncedo.

Kodwa zeolites e ngumgubo zaselondri akubonakali zokuzigwebela ukusetyenziswa. Ukufaka phosphate - ulungile, kodwa izimbiwa na ukunyibilika emanzini, pula embi, luhlala izinto, ingakumbi xa atyhale-ups amalaphu ezimnyama. Kodwa umlomo zeolite kwi nethumbu, ubonelelo lwamanzi kumatshini wokuhlamba, ishenxisa ukuyilwa isikali kwaye songe isepha.

amanzi aphilayo

Ukusetyenziswa zeolite unyango namanzi kwenza ukuba nje kuphela ayisebenziseki, kodwa ulunika iipropati ezizodwa. Baluwela icebo lokucoca ulwelo, iba ngathi yasentwasahlobo. Alinako kusela kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ukuba bahlambe umntwana, sebenzisa iinjongo izithambiso, iintyatyambo ukunkcenkceshela nezithole ihlume imbewu, uthululele zima. Izifundo ezithelekisa lubonisa umsebenzi omkhulu zebhayoloji zeolite amanzi okuhlamba. Ukuba kukho lokucoca enjalo, unako ukuthenga amatye ezimbiwayo (kukho kwi ekhemesti), ahlambe, wayifaka engqayini kwilitha ezintathu, yaye ngokukhethekayo ezimbini. zingasetyenziswa esele amanzi emva kweeyure ezili-12. Ukususela kumaxesha ixesha zeolite womile kwaye calcined, kodwa akunyanzelekanga ukutshintsha ngeenyanga ezintathu. amatye Used akuyomfuneko ukuba ugalele izityalo ezisendlwini, njengoko izinto ezininzi eyingozi angakhuli kuzo.

Ngubani litofagi?

Ulwazi ukuba izilwanyana zasendle ungathanda ukufumana baze bakhothe ityuwa, akuyonyaniso. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba siya kukukhotha utye ilitye elenziwa ekutshatyalalisweni zeengxondorha. La matye azikho ezinetyuwa, kwaye iqulathe kumafa zalo montmorillonite, zeolites clinoptilolite kunye nezinye iintlobo.

Lo mkhuba amatye yokutya, udongwe, itshokhwe (okanye litofagiya) zisasazwa kwindalo phakathi izilwanyana, abantu emgceni., maxa wambi kuyo ukuze ukunceda abantwana kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Ngoko ke ngethuku lemvelo abuyise imfuno izimbiwa ngayo.

ilitye impilo

Kodwa uyakwazi udle ngaphakathi zonke zeolites ngokude hayi. Yingozi kunokubangela ezahlukahlukeneyo neenaliti eziyingozi. ERashiya, ukuba samkelwe ukutya kunye nokusetyenziswa zonyango zeolite enye kuphela - iidipozithi Holinskogo clinoptilolite e Buryatia kunye nesakhiwo elimbhoxo. Ukususela emva kweminyaka engama-20 ve additive eziphilayo esebenzayo "Litovit" - ilitye ubomi. Ichiza ngesi ngokohlobo lomgubo, granules, amacwecwe omnye okanye zeolite ongeziweyo bran, ngundo, probiotics, izityalo zamachiza. Uvunyelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusasazwa kumazwe-10 ehlabathini lonke, owokuqala ezingqinisisiweyo kwinkqubo "Healthy Eating - Health of the Nation."

Iimpawu zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo libanzi kakhulu; Ityhefu etsolo, ukunxila esinganyangekiyo, nokwaliwa, ukuphazamiseka pathways hepatitis, izifo bronchopulmonary, iimeko intswelo ezahlukeneyo (anemia, kwamathambo, arrhythmia, inkantsi) kunye nokuthintela kwabo.

Qiniseka ukuba luthathele ingqalelo ukuba lolwamkelo esikolweni "Litovita" kufuneka ukwabelana ixesha nokusetyenziswa amayeza ubuncinane isiqingatha seyure, kungekhona indawo kubo unyango. Esi sixhobo ezongezelelweyo lokuthintela.

Iqumrhu zeolite lisebenza kuphela nje sorbent, usulungekile kwisono izinto eziyingozi, kodwa njengoko abanikelayo kwezakha. Kwaye ngaphezulu kwayo kwenza ogutyula ezibalaseleyo iimaski nokucoca kwaye nokondla ulusu yobuso kunye nomzimba.

Kwezenzululwazi kunye namayeza kufuneka ukuba chromatography ucoco insulin negazi ingangqubani neprothini ukwakhiwa kwiincindi zomzimba.

Kuba isivuno ubisi isivuno

Zeolite kuyinto isicelo zendalo kwezolimo - njengento isongezelelo esisebenzayo izimbiwa ngenxa izilwanyana, iinkomo kunye nemfuyo encinane, iinkukhu kunye nentlanzi, kwakunye improver lomhlaba kunye nesichumiso ukuba avale phezulu.
Enrichment yokudla kukhokelela ekuphuculweni, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, ukwanda ukutyeba, ukuphucula umgangatho imveliso. ingubo brilliant agudileyo, a imnyama, ekhuselekileyo ekondleni inzala, amazinyo Yomelela, amathambo kunye amaqokobhe evela amaqanda, isivuno eliphezulu ubisi - zizalathisi zokungenisa eyaneleyo kwezimbiwa izilwanyana.

Zeolite kufuneka ukuphucula iimpawu zomhlaba. Isetyenziswa izityalo iimbiza zokugcina, imiyezo, kunye isixhobo ingca, nawegalufa, ukutyala umthi, kuba ngokwenza izilimo. Kwandisa permeability, nomoya oluqhelekileyo iacid bezimbiwa yokwakheka komhlaba. Isicelo elinye zeolite lugcina amanyathelo kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5. Izityalo ubunzima ngaphantsi, ukuphuhlisa ngcono, ukuvelisa izivuno eziphezulu.

Ingqalelo iingxaki zokusingqongileyo onegunya ukunyanzela ukuba sifune amanyathelo asebenzayo ukulwa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Zeolite - yinto kubalulekile ezibonakalayo ukuze ngesisombululo iingxaki ezinjalo.