Zegazi: eqhelekileyo ebantwaneni. Uhlalutyo zegazi: kuqondwe kunye nokutolikwa iziphumo

Iiseli igazi kakhulu zahlukahlukene. Ngamnye kubo yenza indima ezahlukeneyo, ezijolise ulondolozo kunye nokugcinwa kwemisebenzi zomzimba. Kuba kukhuselo eziphilayo ukusuka ukopha ziiplatelets otvetstvennny.

Ingakumbi kubalulekile ukujonga inani ezi seli ebantwaneni, ekubeni bube ekonzakaleni ukopha xa ezichaphazela umzimba babomelele kunolo omdala. Ngoko ke yintoni na zegazi, yaye yintoni izinga zegazi ebantwaneni?

Ziziphi ezi seli?

Zegazi ibhekisela iiseli, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka emithanjeni. Bona wabumba ukusuka megakaryocyte - iiseli ezikhulu lube nuclei. Ukwenziwa zegazi (thrombocytes igama yesibini) lwenzeka xa wona yabo iiseli elikhulu.

Iimpahla ujikeleza malunga-70 ekhulwini zonke iiseli ibunjiwe-30 ekhulwini le udakada. luyenzeka nokutshatyalaliswa ezi seli.

Zegazi azinayo inucleus, yaye ngaloo ndlela ke akanako nokuzala.

kukho icytoplasm yabo iquka inani enqanda kunye nezinto ezikhuthaza ukuba ukuyilwa thrombi, apho iiseli kwaye benze nemisebenzi yabo.

IiPlatelets obufutshane-- ukusuka kwiintsuku-7 ukuya kweli-10, emva koko iiseli ezingasetyenziswanga awabulawa macrophage.

Zegazi kwiingxowa kubantwana lisoloko engaphezulwana nje kancinane kune abadala. Oku kubangelwe ukutya esebenzayo omzimba womntwana. Zeziphi amaxabiso eziqhelekileyo inani ezi seli?

amazinga eqhelekileyo

Yintoni na le mali efanayo medium bubonwa iiseli igazi kufuneka enze ziiplatelets? Ummiselo kubantwana ongowona kwi kolundi zilandelayo:

• Xa ezisanda kuzalwa, inani zegazi idla ngokuba phakathi 100 no 420 * 10⁹ iiseli ilitha igazi nganye.
• Xa bebudala bungaphantsi konyaka omnye ukunyuka ubuncinane zegazi count kancinane - up to 150. Le iphezulu, phezu koko, lifinyele ku-350.
• Emva konyaka zegazi-impiriyali index ye umntwana kuyafana omdala - 180-320 * 10⁹ ilitha igazi nganye.
• Xa wayeneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, maxa wambi kukho into ethile - zegazi utshintsho (sisithethe ebantwaneni kweminyaka emi-5 ayahlukanga kumanani abantu abadala, kodwa iiseli zisebenza kakhulu, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba lo trombopaty yophuhliso waphawula). Le meko ke awucacise crosshairs yesibini yabantwana. Ngenxa ukubusa neutrophils nga kuxhokonxwa iinkqubo ukudumba kusebenze lobuxoki ziiplatelets.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba xa uvavanyo lwegazi hardware kunye manual zegazi rate Ukubala egazini losana ziyahluka thile. Ngoko ke, ukubala oluzenzekelayo amaxabiso eliphezulu ngokuvunywe oluqhelekileyo ukuya iipleyiti 500 ezisanda kuzalwa kunye ukuya ku-400 kwi umntwana oneminyaka ubudala.

Kuqala kufuneka inikwe bonke ekubaleni manual: okuba ukwenza iimpazamo nangaphezulu - ukwenza uxilongo echanekileyo.

ukuba ayenza njani?

Ukwenziwa zegazi lwenzeka kwi umongo wethambo. Le ukhokho ezi seli - megakaryocyte - cell giant. Kubhaliwe ibekwe phakathi kwiiseli endothelial kunye fibroblasts. Ngu ukungakhuseleki iiseli ukusuka ngaphandle siyahlukana amasuntswana megakaryocyte (icytoplasm igqitha phakathi iiseli ezingqonge yaye otshnurovyvaetsya).

Ukuya kwi egazini, neeplatelets lijikeleze kuyo de ifikelela isitya isahlulo eyonakeleyo (kubalulekile ukuba umonakalo endothelial). Lungisa zegazi kukho kuxhokonxa ezinye iinkqubo humoral ukuba nesiphumo behleli-apho kuyilwa izilonda fibrotic isakhelo apho ezifakwe neeplatelets ezintsha. Ngaloo kwakhiwa thrombus ngoko ezibomvu abamhlophe,.

Inkqubo ukuyilwa leseli umongo kwenzeka mihla le, ebavumela ukuba agcine imali yesiqhelo. Nayiphi wamathambo inceda ukwehlisa okanye ukwandisa inani amacwecwe.

inani lotshintsho cell

Njengoko yaziwa, zonke iparameters yokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi umzimba womntu zitshintshiwe phantsi kwempembelelo abo okanye ezinye izizathu. Amanqanaba Ukwanda zegazi ekuthiwa thrombocytosis. It lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. thrombocytosis Primary ibangelwa ukutshatyalaliswa ngqo umongo wethambo. Kuxhomekeke comorbidities eziziisekondari.

Ukuncipha zegazi count kuthiwa leukopenia. Njengoko ngokunjalo thrombocytosis, yahlulelwe kwii eziziprayimari nezizisekondari.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba uqonde indlela zegazi ebantwaneni ziyahluka. ISithethe (itheyibhile kuquka amaxabiso eqhelekileyo kunye ukutenxa, ngokulandelelana ubudala) unako zinokohluka ukuya ngapha nangapha yaye maxa wambi zithathwa ngokungachanekanga. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba izinto ezinxaxhileyo kunokwenzeka kwisiqhelo ebantwaneni ngenxa uxilongo oluchanekileyo. etafileni ngulo ulandelayo.

Ngoko kutheni ukutshintsha oomaleko idatha iiseli? Kuyimfuneko ukuba lize kugxothela lo mba ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

Izizathu ukwandisa amanqanaba zegazi

Kutheni ke ukwandisa ziiplatelets? Ummiselo yabantwana iyahluka ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• isifo Myeloproliferative (ngokuqhelekileyo lomongo wethambo izilonda neoplastic kunye nokwanda kumsebenzi wayo functional). Ukwanda kwenani zegazi lwenzeka ubukhulu becala kukwanda ezinye iiseli.
• Izifo ukudumba idla ngokuba indalo ezingapheliyo - isifo samathambo ezidityanelweyo (zolutsha samathambo), isifo sephepha.
• Ukopha. Kukho zegazi hormone ezisebenzayo ukunqanda ukopha.
• Glucocorticosteroids. Ezi iihomoni kunye nokusetyenziswa ixesha elide (umz, sisifo) igalelo yokuba iinkqubo phantse zonke baphuke zendalo, kunjalo thrombocytosis zingenzeka.

IiPlatelets ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo kwi umntwana inokubonakalisa ngenxa yezifo yenkqubo yegazi (umzekelo, xa eritremii).

Ukunciphisa inani zegazi

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, umgangatho iiseli kwamahlwili kunciphisa. Kutheni le nto isenzeka?

IiPlatelets ngezantsi abaqhelekileyo kwi umntwana abonakala rhoqo kwi izifo gazi - anemia aplastic kunye wegazi. Kwaye kunciphise inani iiseli zamajoni omzimba.

izifo njengelifa. Ezi ziquka Uiskotta-Aldrich syndrome, Fanconi, histiocytosis. Kuyinto ezi zifo kukhokelela ekubeni abantwana ziiplatelets lifinyele. abantwana uNorma phantse alikho, inqanaba platelets usoloko lifinyele.

Sexesheni. Bona unobangela thrombocytopenia emantombazaneni kutshanje abaye waqaphela okokuqala. unciphiso ebalulekileyo kwinqanaba iiseli inokubonakalisa phambi kokuba umjikelo ukuzinza.

Ityhefu metal enzima. Eyona eqhelekileyo elikhokelayo ityhefu (umzekelo, ityala xa umntwana kwenzeka le yityhefu ngenxa ye komphunga umphunga ukusuka omtsha lodonga).

Ingakumbi kubantwana

indices zegazi ukuba nganye ezinga malungu abantu ukuba njengesiqhelo kunyaka omnye, kodwa ebudeni bexesha lweentsana inkqubo igazi womntwana ijongene utshintsho.

Xa sizimisele zegazi, izinga labantwana zingatshintshwa kancinane ukuya kunyaka. Umzekelo, ngethuba leeyure zokuqala ezintlanu yobomi yegazi sana liyasetyenziswa malunga 215 million ziiplatelets. Kwiintsuku ezintlanu zokuqala, eli nani liyancipha, yaye ekupheleni kweentsuku ezi-5 inani ime kwinqanaba 175 million. Kwathi ngomhla wesi-5 kukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo egazini - inqanaba iyahluka nje zegazi kuphela kodwa leukocyte (babizwa ngokuba "izikere ezingabantwana" - lymphocyte ukuwela kunye neutrophils). Malunga inani zegazi yazinza kunye ngosuku lweshumi - ubuncinane million 100 iiseli (100-420 * 10⁹).

Ngokuka iba 180-320 * 10⁹ sikhula inani labo kwandisa kancinane, yaye malunga nonyaka.

Indlela yokubona ziiplatelets?

Ukuze ubone inani zegazi usebenzisa uvavanyo lwegazi. Hold nanini na ekliniki okanye zaselebhu uuba lixhotyisiwe ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko.

kufuneka uthathe ubudala bomntwana ingqalelo enkulu xa kuhlalutywa. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba, ukuba platelets azimisele, umlinganiselo kubantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye, oko kukuthi umda awo, lisezantsi kakhulu. Kokuxhalaba kuphela kwimeko ukuba izinga elisezantsi lingaphantsi kwe-100.

Iimpawu ukuchaza iiseli iyoluka ukopha okanye, icala, ngokugqithiseleyo ngokukhawuleza thrombus Ukwakheka.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukuba platelets azimisele, umyinge wokuphelelwa abantwana uyatshintshatshintsha kancinane ngokuxhomekeke phezu indlela ukubala. Ukuba usebenzisa i count nokuhambisa, nelona qondo liphezulu oluqhelekileyo engaphezulwana nje kancinane kune ngexesha nokubala manual. Oku kungenxa yokuba ifowuni kuthatha nokuba egazi yegazi njengoko thrombi ezininzi, yaye le ndoda ekubaleni - njani enye iseli.

Ukongezelela eqingqa inani leeseli ingahlolwa nomsebenzi wawo esebenza. Ukuze wenze oku, oko undimisele enye isifundo - coagulation. Oku uyakwazi ukubona izitenxo kwiirekhodi, nokuba izinga zegazi egazini umntwana sele zichongiwe.

Umngcipheko eziguquguqukayo amaxabiso eqhelekileyo?

Kuba yintoni imisela umgangatho igazi elements thrombogenic? ukuzimisela kwazo kubalulekile kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• amazinga aphantsi iiseli kunegalelo ingozi ukopha. Kwakufika yokwenzakala kwandisa kakhulu amathuba ilahleko enkulu igazi (kunye ukulahlekelwa umntwana, nkqu Umthamo omncinane wegazi lunokubulala). Ngokuqhelekileyo zokunciphisa level iseli harbingers ezi ukugruzuka kwi eluswini emva umfowunelwa ukukhanya kunye naye. Xa kubonakala ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuze kuvavanywa ziiplatelets.
• Ukwandisa umgangatho iiseli kunyuke thrombus Ukwakheka, leyo kunokukuchaphazela kakubi kwegazi ngokubanzi (ukwandisa amathuba okuba thrombosis nobetho kamva, isifo sentliziyo, okanye necrosis).

Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba ukuchaza izinto data igazi.