Egazi - yintoni na le nto? Ukubunjwa egazi

Emzimbeni womntu, okuthe tye zonke yimpilo, iiseli igazi kwenza igazi ngumthamo opheleleyo we-40 ukuya kuma-48%. Ukuba isixa amasuntswana alichanekanga, ebonisa ubukho kunokwenzeka emzimbeni kweenkqubo zophendlo lwezifo. Luhlobo olunjani iiseli zegazi edume kakhulu? Kakade ke, iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe neeplatelets.

Ukubunjwa igazi labantu

Igazi kubizwa ngokuba kwizicwili leyo urhulumente engamanzi. Usoloko atyhutyhela ngentliziyo zonke iikona kude umzimba kwaye yenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Le biofluid inoxanduva zothutho izondlo, iigesi kunye nezinye izinto umkhondo, ngaphandle kuyo ukutya akunakwenzeka. Oku kudala iimeko iseti okuqhelekileyo iinkqubo ezigcina ubomi emzimbeni womntu.

Plasma kunye negazi iiseli kukho iinxalenye igazi. Plasma ibandakanya ikakhulu yamanzi, apho amacandelo iqhawulwa yimfuneko ukuhamba iinkqubo ebalulekileyo.

Igazi viscosity, nto leyo echaphazela uxinzelelo ngaphakathi enqanaweni kunye ejikeleza yayo. Umthamo wegazi emzimbeni ixhomekeke yobudala kunye nolwakhiwo emzimbeni womntu. Ngokomthetho ke luqala ekubeni waneelitha ezine ukuya kwezintlanu.

Kukho amaqela ezine igazi, kunye sisincoko ethile na. Zimiselwa uhlalutyo okhethekileyo, esithathwe usana olusanda kuzalwa, umxholo iiproteni egazini. Iqela akatshintshi ubomi. Kuyinto kuxhomekeke ukutshintsha kuphela ngumntu ukutofelwa igazi entsha phambi yokwenzakala okanye ungenelelo yotyando.

Umsebenzi kweeseli zegazi

Ezi seli ziyilelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ebantwini. elements Ndiyila zenza isiseko iiseli data.

• Umsebenzi izithuthi inoxanduva ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba. Inkqubo yegazi ikwazi ukubonelela zonke iimpahla kunye namalungu eziyimfuneko ukuze eqhelekileyo yokusebenza izinto.
• umsebenzi yokuphefumla unokuhlangula oksijini evela nemiphunga zonke izicwili kunye namaziko, aze abuye icarbon dioxide emva emiphungeni.
• umsebenzi excretory ukuvimba amaqumrhu ezingakhiyo amgxothe emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo kunye nemibutho esenzelwe le njongo.
• Umsebenzi yesondlo kuyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe iiseli kunye nezigqeba nezinto eziyimfuneko, ukomeleza amajoni omzimba.
• umsebenzi Regulatory inceda ukugcina ulungelelwano phakathi izinto eziluncedo kwaye kuyingozi. Le into efunekayo nge igazi engena kuzo zonke iinkalo eziphilayo neyingozi isuswe lulo.
• umsebenzi Trophic iyafuneka ukuze ondle izondlo imizimba ukuba ufake umzimba eludongeni emathunjini.
• Zikhusela imelwe iintlobo ezintathu. umsebenzi Phagocytic kwenza nokufunxwa iiseli esempilweni kunye nosulelo ntsholongwane. Homeostatic ikhuthaza ekunqandeni igazi xa ingqibelelo kolusu, ugcina ukuhamba iinkqubo ezithile egazini. Umsebenzi wesithathu - thermoregulatory. Elo gazi libandakanyeka thermoregulation andingowasemzimbeni, ukukhusela kuyo nobushushu kunye overcooling.
• Imisebenzi apho jikelele iiseli igazi uxanduva - a ezothutho, homeostatic and protective.

Imfundo ukufunda izinto data igazi

Waxonxa izinto igazi lomntu eqalisiweyo igazi-forming amalungu. Bona eyabelwa iindima ezahlukileyo apha emzimbeni. Ukuba umntu agule, ngoko nangoko emva nokwanda kokuba bangene plasma, ziye zasasazwa kuwo umzimba kwaye ngoko nangoko aqalise ukwenza umsebenzi wayo. Ukuba umntu ukugula kakhulu, ezi zinto nga kuvela lomongo wethambo, ekugqibeleni ekhula.

Ngu corpuscles igazi iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe neeplatelets.

Kule mihla, ukuze kubonwe ukuba ingaba inani eqhelekileyo, uhlalutyo unika ingcali, emva koko ungafunda yini echazwe zikhona plasma hi mpimo ayonelanga.

Ukuba ngemihla yamandulo, amagcisa ngokwabo pored eziphathekayo, uhlalutyo lwenziwa namhlanje usebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Oku kwenza kube lula ngexesha elifutshane ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

Ukubunjwa egazi

Iiseli ezibomvu - iiseli ezibomvu egazini - yenza i ubunzima elikhulu inani olupheleleyo lweziqalelo iyunifomu. Athwala, okroqiweyo nesinyithi, inxalenye iiseli ezibomvu kwaye linoxanduva unikezelo ioksijini umzimba. Ngenxa haemoglobin egazini ingqombela, ngokulula ukwenza iikhompawundi mpilo. iinkqubo igcwala ixhomekeke kubungakanani mpilo.

Yi igazi corpuscles zikwaquka leukocytes, umsebenzi olukhuselayo. Ngokutsho ngokobungakanani bawo, egazi abomvu. Kwala magciwane labanjwa egazini, yaye zifunxe wayithimba izinto data.

Zegazi (thrombocytes) banoxanduva ekunqandeni igazi.

Injongo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi

Ezi seli yegazi (aqoqiwe) nobani imilo kujikwa namasondo ubudeki ethile. Ngenxa bhetyebhetye yayo, baye bakwazi lula ukuhamba ngapha emithanjeni zikhona iimpahla yegazi incinane emzimbeni.

Igazi lomntu iqulethe isixa omkhulu iiseli ezibomvu, ukuba uthe wakha umxokelelwane, apho ezi zinto ziya kulandela omnye komnye, ufumana izihlandlo ezimbalwa, ukuba azisongele umhlaba kwi-ikhweyitha. Ezi nkalo ukwakha alinganiswa yi inani leeseli ilitha nganye.

A Imali eqhelekileyo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi abameli zombini inkunzi nemazi, iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa kunye nabantu abadala ngonyaka ngaphakathi kwemida ethile.

Iiseli ezibomvu ezi 95% yetekisi, abanalo ikhono ukuze zincamathele ngokulula ku athom oksijini ukhipha kubo. Igazi ahlanganiswe mpilo aqukuqela emithanjeni iphawulwa umbala eliqaqambileyo.

It iba mnyama kangakanani xa unika ioksijini ayithimbe lowo doti. Emva koko Lisuka nje ngenxa yegazi entliziyweni, indlela bajamelene ngokuhlanjululwa. Ukuphonononga ubume iiseli ezibomvu, qiniseka ukuba yokuseka haemoglobin kangakanani ziqulathe ngokwazo.

Eyona njongo ephambili yale apho enze ezi seli igazi - kukunikezela ioksijini kunye kwezinto kubalulekile ukuba zonke iiseli, ukucoca wokugqibela iimveliso yokubola kunye nokuhanjiswa kwazo amalungu kwenkqubo excretory.

Ubude yobomi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi

Iiseli ezibomvu egazini aphile iinyanga ezine. Emva kweli xesha kokuba phantsi wokuqhekeka kobudlelwane, kwaye abasabela ezintsonkothileyo ngenxa wambumba into ityhefu ebizwa yibilirubin. Oku bangabi esibindini, isisahlulo inyongo; kukhokelwa kwi isikali kwaye kukho inxaxheba kwiinkqubo yokwetyisa. Ngoko ke imali engundoqo yibilirubin ushiya umzimba kunye endleni kwaye intsalela esindileyo ukusuka umchamo ukuba izalwe ukuhluza yi kwizintso.

Iiseli ezibomvu igazi ndiqhekeze kwizikim ezimbini ezithile. Bayakwazi ubadle iiseli ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba ziiphagocytes, leyo eyenzelwe ukususa umzimba bonke ezingeyomfuneko. Inani elikhulu ziiphagocytes ise esibindini kunye udakada, yaye ngenxa yoko le imizimba wambi kubhekiselwa kwiindawo zokungcwaba elements data yegazi. Iskim yesibini ibandakanya zokuchithwa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi inkqubo ukutshatyalaliswa iqokobhe ngqo egazini. Ukongeza, kukho inkqubo yokukhetha zendalo, nokuba entsha, kodwa lubuthathaka okanye ungumlwelwe ezibomvu iiseli zegazi utshabalale ngexesha ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa iimpahla.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izifo ezithile banako ukunciphisa ixesha ubomi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngokunxulumene eyayinethombo legazi labo kuvela izandulela iiseli ezibomvu kwinkqubo hematopoiesis - reticulocytes. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ekhula ngokupheleleyo. Inani elikhulu reticulocytes ibonisa ubukho ezingaqhelekanga emzimbeni.

umthamo eninzi corpuscular zisenokwahluka kancinane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kuchaphazela izinto ezahlukeneyo komzimba kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo. Imali eqhelekileyo iiseli ezibomvu angayitshintsha phantsi kwempembelelo zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

leukocytes meaning

Ezinye iziqalelo igazi - leukocytes - ukubona kwamagciwane uvaleleke emzimbeni, ukufa okanye ezimpontshelwa utshintsho iiseli, ukufunxa ucombulule kubo. Leukocytes ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamajoni omzimba.

Ingaba iintlobo ezintlanu iiseli ezimhlophe. main ubungakanani sabo kwi umongo kunye yinxalenye encinane - kwiindawo nkovu kunye namaziko athile. Ngokwenene wenze wababala umxholo leukocytes kwi plasma. Ngenxa leukocytes ezikhethekileyo ilabhoratri esinokuzifumana indlela obonisa olinganise iintlobo leukocytes kunye nentsebenziswano yawo kunye nemigangatho.

Isixa ezi zinto phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko ezithile zinokutshintsha rhoqo imini yonke: emva kokutya, umthambo, ukuphumla emanzini, ukusetyenziswa isiselo eshushu. Emva kokuba umxholo amayeza leukocyte unako ukwandisa kakhulu, nangona kunjalo ukuba isigulane kuthatha naziphi na iziyobisi, kuyimfuneko ukuba uxelele ngobugcisa kangangexesha elithile phambi kokuba unikezelo kuhlalutyo akuthethi ukuthatha amayeza.

Uhlalutyo Kucetyiswa ukuba kusasa ungatyanga. Kwakhona Kucetyiswa ukuba bashiye ukusetyenziswa kunye nokutshaya, musa ukuthatha linebhafu okanye ishawari, ukuze bazikhusele uxinezeleko nezinye iinkalo isebenze amajoni omzimba.

iintlobo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi

iiseli ezimhlophe ezingafaniyo injongo yabo, isakhiwo kunye nokwakheka. Zonke iindidi leucocytes afakwa ukukwazi ukuba avuze ngenxa iindonga emithanjeni kweli laphu, ukuba umonakalo uthabathe kwamagciwane.

Ngu iiseli zibandakanya ezi ndidi zilandelayo zeeseli zegazi ezimhlophe ukuba banoxanduva kwimisebenzi ethile:

• neutrophils kunye monocytes - nako ukuchonga izifo kunye namalaphu abafileyo akabatshabalalisa;
• eosinophils - Uneengxaki ubuthi, basophils - izakhi;
• Injongo kukuba nokulungelelanisa izilwa lymphocyte elijongene memory omzimba.

Ithuba yokuphila leukocytes

Ubude bobomi wambumba iziqalelo ze data lixhomekeke kwizinto ezithile kwaye kuhlala ngokwexesha kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi. iiseli ezininzi zegazi ezimhlophe owambulala ikhosi yomzabalazo olungalinganiyo esinamanani amakhulu iintsholongwane, okt. A. iyavuleka yokugqibela, ukuze ndiziqhawule.

Kwiindawo ukufa ezi zinto zakha (iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi) ezikhandelwa ubomvu, ebangela umlo iiseli ezintsha omzimba.

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwenani iiseli ezimhlophe nobesiqhelo, oku kubonisa uphuhliso ezimbi kubangela inkxalabo kakhulu. Ukuze ube ufifi ngesi sifo, kufuneka ukuba axilongwe yincutshe.

umahluko zegazi

Uninzi lincinci Iiseli - it ziiplatelets. Zibonakale amacwecwe amancinane kwaye banoxanduva ekunqandeni igazi. Ukukhula kwi umongo, neeplatelets ukuba zingene plasma. Ixesha lokuphila zegazi kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezisibhozo, kwaye ke zitshatyalaliswe kwi udakada.

Iiseli (zegazi) afakwa ukuhamba, kunye nempendulo lwephanyazo lutshintsho ngengqibelelo ulusu kunye nezihlunu ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ngephanyazo zivela endaweni yokudla, ethe kunye ne site lolwabo yonakele, isebenze amacandelo athile. Ngenxa kule inxeba ezilibazisekileyo, ukupholisa zezisombululo. Ezi seli igazi - ukuhlangulwa emzimbeni womntu ukuze awukhusele ukopha.

Le zegazi count ulinganiswa amawaka 1 microliter ngalinye legazi. Kuba abantu, yinto eqhelekileyo yi 200-400 amawaka units / ml, kunye nabafazi - iiyunithi 180-320 amawaka / ml. isiqulatho yabo zaneleyo kungakhokelela ekubeni ayolule ukuphiliswa amanxeba yophela lwangaphakathi ebangela izifo ezinzulu. Ukuncipha zegazi count egazini leswikulu nokubhenca yezizathu ezithile: ukungabikho iivithamini ezithile, ukutya ixesha elide, uxabana amayeza, izifo ezithile kunye nabanye.

Ukwandisa inani zegazi ebangela ukuyilwa amahlwili egazi ezingaqhelekanga emzimbeni. egazi akhiwa ngenxa ibhekisa ndawonye zegazi kunye emithanjeni. Bona bayakwazi ukuvala umthombo wegazi, leyo kwezinye iimeko ebangela ukufa xa egazi igazi ibekwe kwindawo intliziyo okanye ingqondo. Ukuba ihlwili igazi ivale isitya kwenye ilungu lomzimba ngaphandle kwezihlunu ukutya iqala kufa, esinokubangela njengesilonda okanye nokudumba.

Ngenxa yoko, iiseli igazi - iiseli anoxanduva iimpawu zayo zisasazwe ngqo ezizodwa.