Zamalungelo oluntu eRashiya

Zeziphi kwamalungelo oluntu ye-Russian Federation? Benza ntoni? Eli nqaku liza kunikwa iimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye.

Ingcamango inhlanganiso yamalungelo oluntu

Mhlawumbi wonke ummi Russia weva ubukho mali non-karhulumente, ezijonge ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu nenkululeko. Olu hlobo mbutho akumenzi ingeniso, nayo yonke imisebenzi yabo orientation humanistic. Ngomhla kummandla Russian Federation, imibutho yamalungelo oluntu kwakheka, njengoko umthetho, izakheko inkcaso. imali ezinjalo zijoliswe ekunciphiseni ubundlobongela amalungiselelo okuba nako ukuthwala urhulumente. Apha kuyimfuneko ukongeza inkxaso amabanjwa ezopolitiko, nokusasazwa kolwazi malunga inkululeko namalungelo abemi, imfundo ngokusemthethweni, kwaye ukuphandwa ukunyhashwa ezithile ngabasemagunyeni.

Inani elikhulu yemibutho ingqalelo eRashiya okanye elinganeno, okanye ngokupheleleyo ivaliwe. Izizathu nangamaxesha. Nangona kunjalo, unako ukuyiqonda, umzobo ingqalelo kumxholo kumgaqo-mali kwamalungelo oluntu.

Isifundo yokulawula nomsebenzi

Imibutho yamalungelo oluntu Russian ikhona into echazwe ngokucacileyo yommiselo. Le nkqubo karhulumente wokwenene kwinqanaba amalungelo oluntu nenkululeko. Oku kuquka zonke iintlobo izigqibo, izenzo okanye etyeshelwe imizimba egunyazisiweyo okanye amagosa, ngexesha apho kukho lunyhasho lwamalungelo esemthethweni nenkululeko ungummi. Ndaba ligosa mmiselo usebenza siswele ngokungekho inkululeko yabantu.

Ukuba sithethe ngeengxaki, leyo eyenzelwe ukuba ukusombulula kwamalungelo oluntu, i bonisa apha sikufanele oku kulandelayo:

• ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo siseko kunye nenkululeko;
• ukwandisa umgangatho inkcubeko zomthetho phakathi abemi, ekukhuthazeni imilinganiselo eyayiza ukukhuthaza intlonipho umntu amalungelo akhe;
• uhlalutyo imeko kwamalungelo oluntu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe;
• uthelekiso ubume eRashiya kunye namanye amazwe.

ingqalelo kwezicelo

Indlela yokusombulula zonke ezo iingxaki eziye zachongwa ngasentla? Kuphela ngoncedo ukuphunyezwa esemgangathweni inani elithile kwemisebenzi.

Lo msebenzi ezisisiseko kwaye benze nawuphi na umbutho yamalungelo oluntu - kuyinto exhalabisa kwangexesha izicelo ezivela abathile okanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni, kwakunye nazo zonke iintlobo imibutho. Le ngxelo yabonisa izibakala ezithile ze-non ukuthotyelwa yamalungelo oluntu kunye neenkululeko kumGaqo-siseko Russian, umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe okanye wesizwe. Imali iya kwazisa umenzi-sicelo amalungelo asemthethweni, kwakunye ukunika iingcebiso amathuba okusebenzisa ukhuselo lomthetho. Kwangaxeshanye, imibutho yamalungelo oluntu nga asebenze njengomthetheli ukulungiselela kwakhona kunye neenkqubo zomthetho ngokoxolelwaniso.

umsebenzi olandelayo

Emva kokuphonononga abanobuchule izicelo ezivela i iziseko amalungelo yabantu kunyanzelekileyo ukuba liqalise uphando nxamnye isakhiwo ummangalelwa. ubungqina obubambekayo ukunyhashwa inkululeko kunye namalungelo abantu kufuneka ndawonye. Emva ukuhlangana inyaniso iingxelo yenkqubo yobhaliso, lulungiselelwayo kwabasemagunyeni abanobuchule (iinkundla okanye ofisi yomtshutshisi). Ukuba iinkundla Russian wala ukuva ityala, isicelo siya kungeniswa nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe.

Emva koko, imali amalungelo oluntu ukuvakalisa ezinamandla yoluntu okanye ngenye nokuhambisa ulwazi malunga ukungalungeli yeziko. Thatha amanqaku kumajelo eendaba, wazibeka phezu isishwankathelo jikelele zokuphula.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imibutho yamalungelo oluntu amalungelo oluntu ukuze inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zenkundla kunye ukuziphendulela. Sithetha Kwiimeko apho umntu, ngokutsho kwingxowa ekucaca ukuba ngokubekwa okungekho mthethweni ubutyala (zolwaphulo-mthetho okanye zezolawulo).

izinto ulwazi

Uxanduva kwamalungelo oluntu ziquka ukuqokelela, ukuhlela kunye nokusasazwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zolwazi. izinto ezinjalo ziquka:

• umthetho lwangaphakathi Russian Federation (kwakunye nemithetho ethile yomthetho ngamazwe), izimvo kuwo umthetho, izigqibo ezifanelekileyo iinkundla kunye nentsingiselo yazo;
• iindlela yasekhaya kunye neyamazwe ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu nenkululeko;
• ulwazi malunga yamalungelo oluntu.

Ukongeza, i-non-governmental imibutho yamalungelo oluntu babandakanyeka eluntwini kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo. Ukuze benze oku, ukuvelisa zonke iintlobo iincwadana, eziviwayo, ushicilelo lwevidiyo, iifilim, izixhobo zemfundo, ikharityhulam, njalo njalo. D. Kufuneka inike iindibano zocweyo, izifundo kunye nokhuphiswano kubantu abaselula.

Iqela lokuqala lwee-asethi Russian

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba achaze oko kukho imibutho yamalungelo oluntu oluntu namhlanje eRashiya. Okulandelayo iya kunikwa inkcazelo emfutshane imibutho edume kakhulu futhi enkulu, ekhoyo kwi-Russian Federation.

Foundation "ekhusela amalungelo amabanjwa." Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ngayo iimeko entolongweni mathe e eRashiya namhlanje. iingxelo eendaba Endless nxaniso, encinwa ngenkani okanye ubungqina nxamnye naye andzise kuphela meko. Ibe ngxowa - nto intle kakuhle-eyaziwa umbutho, injongo - yomzabalazo amalungelo asemthethweni abantu abakhonza ixesha lenkululeko entolongweni.

Foundation "Kuba Human Rights". Yasekwa ngo-1997, amelwe lo mbutho uye waba enkulu endle nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo kunye nenkululeko zabantu. Foundation Isaci - "Imfesane ulawulo yobulungisa ..."

Iqela lesibini asethi Russian

"IKomiti nxamnye Ukuhlukunyezwa" yi ngumbutho noko ezaziwayo-kakuhle kummandla Russian Federation. Fund owalwa ukuphathwa kakubi abemi yi iinkonzo zikarhulumente. IKomiti babencedisile zemali, unyango kunye esemthethweni kumaxhoba nxaniso. Ngowe-2015, lo fund self-ngokwawo ngenxa ingcinezelo kwabasemagunyeni, kodwa ngowama-2016 waqhubeka ukusebenza phantsi igama elahlukileyo.

"Russian Committee of Mothers Amajoni '" Kwakhona mali yamalungelo oluntu. Senziwe ngexesha kwemfazwe Afghan, lo mbutho uye waba umbutho likhulu nabafazi boonyana babulawa okanye bonzakele emkhosini.

"Glasnost Defence Foundation" - umbutho eyaziwa kakuhle ukuba kukhuthaza inkululeko yokuthetha eRashiya. Lo mbutho sixhasa ngokwentando yesininzi ulwazi kwisigaba, ngenxa yokunqongophala ukuhluza iindaba kunye nophuhliso lwamajelo engekho phantsi korhulumente.

Imibutho yamalungelo oluntu International

Mhlawumbi lo mbutho edume kakhulu futhi inkulu ngamazwe Luluntu "Isikhumbuzo". Oku elikhulu-scale intshukumo yenzululwazi nenkcubeko ngokuzinikela ekulondolozeni inkumbulo repressions kwezopolitiko. Fund yazise isebenza inani elikhulu kumazwe aseYurophu. ERashiya, lo mbutho sele zamiselwa, "ngehlazo i" arhente zasemzini.

Yintoni neminye imibutho zamalungelo oluntu ngamazwe kukubonelela? Singasathethi, mhlawumbi isiseko edume kakhulu futhi yamandulo idibanisa ezininzi kumazwe: Amnesty International (Amnesty International). Eyona njongo iphambili yale fund i uthotho izifundo kunye nemisebenzi ejoliswe ekuthinteleni kunye ekumeni kwamalungelo oluntu kunye neenkululeko ukunyhashwa ehlabathini lonke. Umbutho disseminates ulwazi inkululeko yesazela, ingqibelelo, inkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo, njalo-njalo. D.