Yamalo-Nenets Ukuzilawula District: komkhulu, imimandla nezixeko

Engqwabalala Isiphelo esisemantla - entle kude. Le nkcazelo zisebenza ngokupheleleyo Yamalo-Nenets Ukuzilawula District. Kweli lizwe, singqongwe uhlobo ye nezithethe zookhokho babo ubomi abantu bomthonyama, kwaye ongaphantsi abazizityebi iphuhliswe ubuchwepheshe bale mihla. Yamal ubusoloko nomtsalane abahambi inkangeleko yaso eyodwa. Apha udibaniso nto imangalisayo yokunyoluka kwelanga kunye nentsusa endalo nobukhali enemozulu bangenise ngokutyeziswa, yesixhobo kwamnandi yasekwindla nasebusika emhlophe cwaka. Izazinzulu ezifana Yamal for ukuqhama yenkcubeko kunye nohlobo ekhethekileyo. Ngoko ke ngokuqinisekileyo beze Yamalo-Nenets Ukuzilawula District (ikomkhulu Salekhard), ukuze babethwe ngumoya ucocekile kwaye ufumane ukubona ubuhle saso ezimbombeni zaso qelele kwilizwe lethu elikhulu.

geography

Beautiful natyebileyo eRashiya Yamalo-Nenets ஜோடி isilungelelanisi - black iperile inxalenye engentla yelizwe lethu. Kwaye kuthatha akukho ngaphantsi - 770 ophosa isikweri West Siberian Plain. Ukubunjwa okwilizwe ziquka: Gydan Peninsula, taz Peninsula kunye, Kakade ke, i-Yamal Peninsula. Uninzi okwilizwe esizigubungeleyo le Arctic Circle. Ukususela YANAO lasentla zihlanjwe kuLwandle Kara, ukuya omelene ngezantsi kummandla Khanty-Mansiysk, abamelwane kwimpuma - i Taimyr and District Ukuzilawula Evenki, ukuya entshona ngayo imingcele kummandla Arkhangelsk kunye Republic of Komi. YANAO isiqabu lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe plain kunye entabeni. Zonke peninsulas bathathu oluphahlwe imilambo ezincinane, ezingxingweni, bevala nemigxobhozo. Intaba uluhlu ibanga ezimakhulu mabini eekhilomitha zinomtya emxinwa ecaleni Polar Urals. YANAO sezulu kabukhali njengezwekazi, ngqwabalala, yahlulwe zayimimandla emithathu: nesiqwenga elingasemntla West Siberian Plain, Arctic kunye arctic. Inani labemi abantu abamalunga nama-500 amawaka noxinano lomntu ngaphantsi kwe omnye square kilometre.

Flora

Uqweqwe uhlaza Yamalo-Nenets abe zonation ngokukhawuleza latitudinal. iinkalo ezintlanu ezibukekayo zingahlukaniswa: elo hlathi emantla, ehlathini kumathafa, ityholwana, moss-ulele nenamathafa Arctic. Kuninzi emantla, band Arctic, uhlaza kwaphela kakhulu. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana ubulembu kuphela, ulele kunye sedges. Umbala moss-ulele sele kukhule amatyholo ezincinane kunye zengca. Kwindawo elandelayo (ityholwana kumathafa) kukhule imithi ezinde willow ezincinanana ecaleni lomlambo - berry neenkowane. Xa ihlathi ezininzi imigxobhozo kunye nemilambo ezincinane. Apha ukukhula ezinde, nenomlanga, larch, nespruce encinane. Kwindawo akumazantsi Yamal-Nenets Ukuzilawula District - eli hlathi, oluninzi amachibi, imigxobhozo, imilambo. Le ndawo ligutyungelwe ukukhanya ashinyeneyo nakumahlathi amnyama coniferous.

kulona

Ukuba flora YANAO kakhulu yayincinane, isilwanyana - esisityebi kwaye zahlukene. Kule imimandla ezintlanu zemozulu yesithili omiweyo yi ezingamashumi amathathu anesibhozo iintlobo ezincancisayo. Uninzi carnivores nezikrekrethi - iintlobo ezilishumi elinesine. iindidi ezintlanu pinnipeds, abathathu - insectivorous, ezimbini - ayabulala. iintlobo engamashumi izilwanyana ezinoboya-ethwele izinto zexabiso elikhulu zorhwebo.

izixhobo eziluncedo zendalo

Yamalonenetskiy yesithili izimele (Salekhard capital) eyaziwa zolondolozo hydrocarbon. Kukho unamalunga 78% yabo loovimba epheleleyo oyile negesi Russian. YANAO - enkulu isiseko ezizizembiwa resource yehlabathi. Imisebenzi on nezokukhupha izinto ezixabisekileyo ekrwada kwaye zigcinwa kwi igesi Nakhodkinskoye Urengoiskoe, hlakalo-South Russian, namasimi ioli Yamburgskoye. In YANAO ngonyaka uvelisa malunga ne-8% yemveliso zizonke 'abamnyama' yaye malunga ne-80% - "ngegolide eluhlaza". Polar phambene xa kuveliswa chromium, molybdenum, inkcenkce, nesinyithi, nelothe, phosphate, barytes kunye nezinye izimbiwa.

Abantu bomthonyama ye Yamal-Nenets Ukuzilawula District

Ngoku abantu amabini abahlala Yamalo-Nenets. Ke abemi bomthonyama ayinyaniso ngayo Khanty kunye Nenets, Selkup kunye Komi-Izhemtsy, ababehlala kuloo mmandla ukusuka kudaladala. Asele ezinzile kwisiqingatha sesibini kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Oku kungenxa kuphuhliso kwi Ixesha eSoviet Union imimandla eFar North.

Khanty: aba bantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo babehlala Khanty-Mansiysk imimandla kunye Yamalo-Nenets District Ukuzilawula. Inkcubeko, ulwimi kunye namasiko abantu owahlukeneyo kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-Khanty lahlala phezu kwintsimi kunokuba enkulu kwaye ngoko thile iyachithwa.

Nenets bahlala indawo enkulu Russia - of the Taimyr Peninsula ukuya kunxweme ye-Arctic Ocean. Aba bantu ekusukeni yasemzantsi eSiberia leminyaka AD yokuqala. Yena libhekisela kwiqela Samoyed.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba i Komi abantu abahlala kulo mmandla ukuya I nkulungwane BC Olu hlanga sahlulwe nasemntla nasemzantsi le Komi. okokuqala kudaladala abazibandakanya nawo ukufuya, ukuloba nokuzingela. Le ngcamango abazingeli nabalobi.

Selkup - bantu baninzi le North. Selkups ngokwemveli abazibandakanya zokuloba nokuzingela. Abo abamele abantu, ababehlala kwi ezinezinga eliphezulu, nokuba sajika adle.

iziko lolawulo

Ikomkhulu Yamalo-Nenets District ngumzi Salekhard. Le elise kweenxweme OB River (kwicala ngasekunene). Uqhekekile umzi ibekwe kwi Arctic Circle (kuphela ehlabathini). Bakhona abantu malunga 40 amawaka. Esi sixeko yasekwa ngo-1595. Ekuqaleni kwaba yokubonisela encinane ebizwa ngokuba Obdorsky. Kwisiqingatha senkulungwane emva kokusekwa ngabahlali ngokusisigxina kuvela apha. Ukususela ngo-1923, le lali yaba liziko kummandla Obdorsk Obdorsk mmandla phambene. Sele 1930 kwilali yabelwe ubume beziko solawulo Yamalo-Nenets Ukuzilawula District. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva labizwa Obdorsk e Salekhard. Namhlanje, Yamalo-Nenets Ukuzilawula District, ikomkhulu inkampani joint-stock ingakumbi, ephuhlisa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Esi sixeko ezininzi iinkampani, "Yamalzoloto", izibuko emlanjeni, intlanzi yokunkonkxa, "Yamalflot" kunye nabanye. Esi sixeko wavula Yamalo-Nenets District Museum kunye Exhibition Complex, leyo usebenzisa iziko mboniso, imyuziyam kunye nophando zamathala eencwadi. Naxa Salekhard nguye House District of Crafts - State Budget Institution of Culture of the Yamalo-Nenets Ukuzilawula District. Kwikomkhulu YANAO amasebe ezininzi zeeyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Yamal-Nenets Ukuzilawula District (i-capital Salekhard) kudweliso lwenkqubo olunokwenza iingxaki ezinkulu ukufikelela kwi-Internet. Into yokuba lo mmandla ingekabinazo uthungelwano fibre-optic.

Izixeko nemimandla kwisithili Yamalo-Nenets

Isakhiwo YANAO kwizithili ezisixhenxe, izixeko ezisibhozo, zantlanu ezilokishini , kunye nolawulo mane anamnye elalini. Kwizithili Yamalo-Nenets Ukuzilawula District: Yamal, Shuryshkarsky, taz, iPuri, Priuralsky, Nadym kunye Krasnoselkupsky. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, loxinano labantu liphantsi kakhulu. Nangona indawo enkulu, uye imizi bambalwa kakhulu kwi Yamalo-Nenets Ukuzilawula District. Cities: Noyabr'sk (97 th.), New Urengoj (89.8 amawaka.), Nadim (45.2 amawaka.) Muravlenko (36.4 amawaka.) Salekhard (32.9 amawaka.) Labytnangy (26, 7 ths.), Guba (abemi-21 100). Ngezantsi apha kukho YANAO isixeko iya kuchazwe banzi.

Gubkinskii

City Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Ukuzilawula District) ngo-1996 waba idolophu amaxabiso zezithili ogama emva komhlaba eSoviet Gubkina Ivana Mihaylovicha. Le ibekwe phezu kodonga lasekhohlo lomlambo Pyakupur iikhilomitha ezimakhulu mabini ukusuka Arctic Circle. Iziko sixeko kwasekwa njengesiseko sokuphuhlisa iidiphozithi ioli. Ngenxa Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Ukuzilawula weSithili), ikakhulu ligxininisa kwimveliso oyile negesi kunye ishishini elihambisayo. Uqhekekile umzi ibekwe kakuhle ukuba ukusebenza nabantu abatsha: ezemidlalo ukusebenza kunye namaziko enkcubeko, isikolo umdaniso, kukho a studio ukurekhoda. Kulutsha babe nethuba lokufumana imfundo kowabo.

Muravlenko. Yamalo-Nenets ஜோடி isilungelelanisi

Esi sixeko yasekwa ngo-1984. isimo District efunyenweyo ngo-1990 Igama imbeko injineli petroleum Muravlenko Viktora Ivanovicha. Ngokusisiseko, ibhajethi isixeko kwakhona ziinkampani ushishino oyile. Muravlenko (Yamalo-Nenets Ukuzilawula weSithili) iye elilelethu kunye nomabonakude izikhululo yayo. Lipapasha iphephandaba "Town yethu", "Kopeika", "ILizwi oilman."

Noyabrsk. Yamalo-Nenets ஜோடி isilungelelanisi

Emva Mbovy Urengoy Noyabrsk - sesibini kakhulu ngabantu Yamalo-Nenets. Umhla isiseko esiXekweni zizakujongwa njengo-1973, xa kwisiza namhlanje Noyabrsk oli yokuqala umthombo kugrunjwa. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, apha kwafika abantu bokuqala, ngubani becala lwaluquka lwabasebenzi. Ngowe-1976 Noyabrsk zokuhlala ayikwazanga kufumaneka kuphela oyile iimaphu, kwaye ngo-1982 yokuhlala wanikwa iwonga isixeko yesithili. Ioli, igesi kunye noshishino kwamafutha eziphuhliswe kakuhle kakhulu. Kule bamasimi iinkampani ngaphezu mathathu.