Yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kwikhompyutha - ntoni na? Imithetho kunye nemiqondiso ngezithuba ezilinganayo

Phantse sonke sivile nazibona ezo ncwadi, lo gama twisisaka - ". Yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kwikhompyutha" Yintoni na kwaye kutheni na ufuna ukwazi ezimbalwa, kunye nabantu abaliqela ukuzama ukufunda ngokutyibilikayo. Kwaye ujika ube yinto luncedo kakhulu ukuba umntu nje elidlulileyo, ngenkulungwane nekompyuterizirovannogo, kodwa mihla.

Yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kwikhompyutha - ukukwazi ukuba ubhale ingcaciso ngokukhawuleza ngokusebenzisa abasebenzi abathile. Ngamanye amazwi, oku nokurekhodwa isantya intetho yabantu ngalo mzuzu welizwi yayo. Ngokwendalo kuvela akanathemba: kutheni khono? Noko ke, abafundi, kunye nabafundi, bekuya kuba luncedo eklasini, apho utitshala ayikho ephathelene malunga nokuba umphulaphuli ixesha lokuba ubhale phantsi yonke into oyifunayo.

Imbonakalo ngezithuba ezilinganayo

nezimpawu yokuqhagamshela izixhobo ukuba kungathathwa wokuqala okanye phakathi kwabantu bokuqala, kwafunyanwa phakathi ezikhumbuzo yempucuko zaseYiputa. AmaYiputa owavela yokuqhagamshela izixhobo yakhe. Ngoncedo amazwi abhalwe ezingcwele kaFaro. Ngezithuba ezilinganayo (njenge indlela elula zokurekhodisha) ingqalelo kwezinye impucuko yamandulo. Ngoko ke, amaGrike namaRoma, neliso elibukhali kakhulu yaye lizama ukuba abalasele, kwakhona ngokubonakalayo kusetyenziswa abasebenzi abathile ukuba nitrogen ngokukhawuleza ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo. Yaba ixesha eRoma yamandulo kunye Greece yayanyaniswa esimi kakuhle ngezithuba ezilinganayo. Ngokweerekhodi zembali, yamandulo yokuqhagamshela izixhobo yamaRoma wadala Tyrone, nomncedisi we neciko enkulu uCicero.

Ancient imiqondiso yokuqhagamshela izixhobo yamaRoma leyo baba phantse 5000 iiyunithi, kwakunzima ukuba ukulufunda. Ukuba yokuqhagamshela izixhobo mihla - nezwi, oko kukuthi, uphawu ngamnye umele ileta ethile, inkqubo endala kunjani, oko kukuthi uphawu ibonisa naliphi na igama. Ngoko ke, ukufunda kwakunzima kakhulu.

Wokuzalwa esemthethweni yeleta uthathwa ukuba verbatim Disemba 5, 63 BC. e. - umsebenzi Tyrone kwindlela yakhe imiqondiso.

Imbali umdla ngezithuba ezilinganayo

Ngenxa indlela yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kwiincwadi ngoku ithuba lokufunda imisebenzi kukaWilliam Shakespeare. Okhuphisana le yeqonga ye ekuchubekeni adumileyo kunye nempumelelo uthumele ukuba injongo ukuba transcribers ezingenisiweyo, ukuze abo kubhalwe idrama verbatim kanye ngexesha lokungeniswa. Kwaye, enoba ndiqononondisa ngumbhali imisebenzi enzima, abebalwa, yaye ngenxa yoko baye kuthi. Ngelo xesha, kwaba sekunjalo umgca igama ngezithuba ezilinganayo.

Kodwa yokuqhagamshela izixhobo alfabhethi wabonakala emva iziganeko "iimbumba". Dzhon Uills wadala inkqubo yokubhala, apho umlinganiswa ngamnye yokuqhagamshela izixhobo ebotshelelwe atyikitye alfabhethi. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa inkqubo entsha ngezithuba ezilinganayo, a kakhulu ilula kakhulu kwaye kulula ukufunda.

A ezaziwayo-kakuhle Scientist-nzulu Alfred Brehm wabhala ukusebenzisa ulwazi ngezithuba ezilinganayo incwadi yakhe "Life of Animals". Ukufunda izilwanyana zawo ngokwemvelo, akazange abe zonke iimeko yokubhala eqhelekileyo. Endle, endleleni, umzekelo, ekhwele ihashe, wasebenzisa ulwimi yokuqhagamshela izixhobo ukuze journaling. Xa babehlanganisene ulwazi ngokwaneleyo Brehm iposelwe idayari emfazini wakhe, waza ezifundekayo iingxelo waza wakubeka zokushicilela. Ukususela kulo mzekelo siyakwazi ukubona ukuba uncedo abantu yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kwikhompyutha ngaphezu kwesihlandlo ukuthatha amanqaku kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu.

Yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kwikhompyutha in Russia

Ngexesha i enkalo ngokudibanisa Russian njenge inkqubo epheleleyo ye ukhutshelo yayingekabikho. Ngenkulungwane ye-15 ngokudibanisa kubhalwa intsomi Veche e Pskov kunye Novgorod. Xa yokuqhagamshela izixhobo ngenkulungwane ye-17 kusetyenziswa ookumkani yokuqala Romanov. Kwakhona uPetros kuye wabhenela ngoncedo stenographers.

Ababhali ezinkulu Russian waqonda ukongama lokubhala ngesantya esiphezulu ukuya elula. Phakathi kwabo FB Dostoevsky kunye L. N. Tolstoy. ingqalelo epheleleyo kwaba izazinzulu Russian N. E. Zhukovskogo kunye D. I. Mendeleeva. Imisebenzi yala madoda amakhulu zaye zaqulunqwa ukusuka iintetho ezirekhodiweyo ngezithuba ezilinganayo.

Ngemihla tsarist Russia unit wayesazi yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kuphela. Ezi ngcali ikakhulu kwizixeko ezikhulu - Moscow, eSt Petersburg, Kiev, Minsk.

Ithuba eSoviet labekwa kukuba kukho iqela elincinane stenographers wayesebenza malunga iziganeko zembali abhalwe ngo-Oktobha, apho kamva wafumana imvume yamanani ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Ngaphezu koko, le ndlela yokubhala iye zithandwa ngakumbi kuba kwacaca ukuba ngoncedo nawuphi na umsebenzi obhalwayo uba ngempumelelo ngakumbi maxa wambi. Kweyobunzululwazi, oko uncedo olukhulu.

iintlobo yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kwikhompyutha

inkqubo Verbatim ekhoyo okwangoku, yahlulwe ngezizathu ezininzi: on iimpawu ezibonwayo iimpawu yamanqaku kuxhomekeke kuhlobo unit yokuthetha limela omnye kwinkqubo uphawu (ilizwi, morpheme, isandi). Ngokutsho kwenye yezi nkqubo basonta akekeleyo okanye geometralnym, morphological okanye phonetic - enye inkalo.

inkqubo olukekeleyo kunye geometralnye

Kwiinkqubo geometralnyh uhlobo yokuqhagamshela izixhobo ze iimilo zejiyometri: isangqa semi-izangqa, amachaphaza kunye ngqo. Iinkqubo Italic zezi wabumba iinxalenye oonobumba eqhelekileyo ye-alfabhethi leyo nabavumayo ekunene kwaye ukuba elimbhoxo kukulawula. Iimpawu Italic ithathwa nezamkelekileyo ukukholisa ngakumbi lula ukuba achaze.

Iimpawu kwiinkqubo geometralnyh ngokudibanisa kwaye zahlukahlukene kakhulu kwi Umbhalo: imigca ukubhitya, abalinganiswa zingachithi eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo, ubukhulu, utyekelo. Ngoko ke, amarekhodi eyenziwe iinkqubo ezinjalo, wawumhle lula ukufunda.

inkqubo Morphological ne phonetic

uphawu Morphological kwenkqubo kumazwe Western, kuba ngolwimi lwabo umyalelo emisiweyo amagama, ngokulandelelana, inxalenye ezikhethekileyo Iziphakamiso isikhundla lecebo. ulwimi Russian inikela linamandla, ngoko ke inkqubo morphological of yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kwikhompyutha iye ayifumanekanga udumo. Endaweni engafanelekanga phawu ulwimi le nkqubo ecetywayo enye indlela ekuthiwa fonostenografiey.

Fonostenografiya (inkqubo phonetic) amelwe inkqubo yokuqhagamshela izixhobo Ternes-Alexandrova. Yindlela ekhawulezayo ukuba babhale intetho ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, besebenzisa le miqondiso ezizodwa. inkqubo uphawula ifomu frazgraf - uphawu ebonisa isivakalisi yonke.

Alphabet Patkanovoy-Alexandrova sozherzhit 40 abalinganiswa, ezenza kube lula ukuthatha ingqalelo xa ubhala smyslorazlichiteli inika nokuba ulwimi apho kuyo ufundwa. Ezi nkqubo zimbini izifinyezo azithathwa. Olu phawu inceda ukuphuhlisa frazgrafiyu ngokukhawuleza - enye yeenkqubo, ebandakanya ngezithuba ezilinganayo. Iimpawu yeenkqubo phonetic ngokubanzi zifikeleleka ngakumbi kuphuhliso lwezakhono.

ezenzekayo ngoku

Ngezithuba ezilinganayo, ogama uqeqesho ayikho nje eqhelekileyo ulwimi njengesiqhelo, ngokunjalo zonke iilwimi yenkqubo le ithande ukuba lula, ukunceda abasebenzisi ukukusebenzisa kwaye aphuhle. Ifuna ukudibanisa zonke iinkqubo kunye ngokusekelwe imiba ethile enengqondo. Injongo yale inguqu kunye nophuhliso ngokudibanisa - umanyano zonke iinkqubo ukufezekisa conciseness, consistency nsimbi.

Xa uphando yokuqhagamshela izixhobo namhlanje kusetyenziswa iindlela yenzululwazi kunye nonxibelelwano kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi, ubukhulu becala uphando iimpawu komzimba intetho yabantu. Ngaphambili, xa kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo, yiko iinkqubo verbatim esebenza ngokwengqiqo yalo, kube ngoku ezintsha zaziswa evumela ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwabantu. Kubalulekile ke into xa uhambisa inkqubo ngokudibanisa ukusuka kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye, kusoloko kukho imfuneko ukuyitshintsha. Oku nzima kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo iphela.

Ngomhla imiqondiso ngezithuba ezilinganayo

Sele sifundile ukuba eli yokuqhagamshela izixhobo ukuba inkqubo kuko ezahlukeneyo. Wachithwa neeyantlukwano zazo ziphambili. Kodwa iimpawu yokuqhagamshela izixhobo ulwimi IsiRashiya iimpawu zayo umdla.

Ngokweliso, zenziwe yeenxalenye esinazo eziqhelekileyo. Kulula kwaye kakuhle akumanyileyo. Nokuba a stenographer email ekhawulezayo Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba neempawu akufuneki igqwethekile.

Zibonakalisa lwesikhamiso kunye ezingoonombini oonobumba be-alfabhethi, kodwa ukubhala ngqo kakhulu. Phakathi consonants izikhamiso engabhalwanga, kwaye ibekwe kuphela ekupheleni, ekuqaleni kwamagama okanye ngokwahlukeneyo. Consonants zihlangene kananjalo imithetho ezizodwa, yaye ngokuxhomekeke kuyo ukuba ifundwe okanye ukufunda.

Ukubhala iisimboli ngezithuba ezilinganayo

ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwenzeka abalinganiswa ngokubhala verbatim ukuhlonipha le kuluhlu. Kukho imiphakamo emithathu yokubhala: emgceni, ngaphezulu nangaphantsi komgca. Amanqanaba zitshintshiwe kuxhomekeke kwindlela uxhulumeneyo ukuba iimpawu. Ezi zinto ngokwabo basoloko elifutshane, ngokuba le nto ibalulekileyo ngokudibanisa - elula ngenxa sokurekhoda isantya. Ukongeza, ngenxa zonxibelelwano ezimfutshane irekhodi wafumana compact, kodwa ke kubalulekile kakhulu.

Ngoku, xa kukho ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga nendlela oluthi, njengoko ngezithuba ezilinganayo, yintoni na yaye iye yakhula ngapha ixesha elide - simela. Kwakhona unalo ufifi yasetyenziswa ngayo ngaphambili. Kodwa ngoku era yahluke kakhulu ngaphezu xa yokuqhagamshela izixhobo waba eqhelekileyo ngakumbi. Apho isetyenziswa kule mihla inkqubo yokuqhagamshela izixhobo?

Yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kwikhompyutha in ngexesha lethu

Ngokufaneleka ukuguqulela ulwazi lugcinwe ngexesha lethu. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba xa kuthetha abantu ngokuphindwe kahlanu ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu ukukwazi ukubhala ngesandla sakhe, yaye umntu uyakwazi ukubhala malunga 20 amagama ngomzuzu nalo wathi 100-120.

Ukufumana izakhono fast ukubhala namhlanje uya kufika Ukugunda e umsebenzi oncedisayo yolawulo, abafundi, abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo, iintatheli bakhetha ukurekhoda ngesandla - bonke abantu abajongene imfuneko into ukubhala ngokukhawuleza ngokuchanileyo, ezifana izifundo, iisemina, iinkomfa press kunye nezinye ukubonakala zoluntu. Kuba abafundi ebhaliwe ulwazi lingaba nenye ukusetyenziswa ebaluleke kakhulu - ukubhala cribs zibekwe. Bona ukufumana compact nentsonkothileyo kwabanye, ngoko waze wayifumana, cribs ukuba nje owaziwa ngolo hlobo.

Benefits ulwazi ngezithuba ezilinganayo ayiphelelanga kube lula wokuzila nitrogen intetho. Funda indlela yokuqhagamshela izixhobo konga ixesha nomgudu, iphucula umgangatho lomsebenzi. Ukongeza, kukho ubungqina bokuba yokuqhagamshela izixhobo iphuhlisa yokucinga, ubuchule ngokucacileyo nokuvakalayo ukucacisa iingcinga zabo.

Indlela ukufunda ngezithuba ezilinganayo

Namhlanje, akukho nto nzima ngayo ukuze ulidle ilifa ezo zakhono eziluncedo, nto leyo enika ngezithuba ezilinganayo. Imfundo kuthatha kancinci nje iiveki ezimbalwa. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, uyakwazi ubhalisele izifundo ezizodwa. Apha stenographers professional uya kwazisa ukuba iziseko yokuqhagamshela izixhobo nokufundisa oko akwazi ukwenza.

Ukuze baye yokuqhagamshela izixhobo khosi ayifuni uqeqesho olulodwa. Inye kuphela kuya kufuneka - eli ubukho, ukuzimisela ukufunda kunye nezinto pishushih (nencwadi, usiba okanye ipensile). Xa yokufunda yokuqhagamshela izixhobo nzulu, unako ukufunda ukubhala indlela amagama 60-70 ngomzuzu (endaweni yamagama 20 ngolwimi ngemihla), kwaye xa uthatha kakhulu uqeqesho, kunye namagama 100-120 ngomzuzu. iziphumo Enkulu ayisayi kuba njalo ezifanelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba abantu phantse musa ukuthetha ngesantya enkulu.

Yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kubonakala lisha engaqhelekanga. Ekuqaleni loqeqesho kusoloko kunzima ukuba kusetyenziswa imigaqo ezintsha weleta, kodwa emva inani elithile iiyure lokuziqhelanisa bakuqhele oko ngokuqhelekileyo.

Bendlela aveza zincwadi

Kuzo zonke iinkalo ezintle yokuqhagamshela izixhobo ayikho egqibeleleyo. Ekubeni ukurekhodwa fast kakhulu usoloko unomngcipheko ukubhala imiqondiso ukuze uyiqonde ngoko kuya kuba nzima kakhulu.

A ethile esibi yokubhala ngokudibanisa kukuba phantse khange ahlonelwe imithetho zopelo. Umzekelo elula - ukuba ubhale isimaphambili "a" endaweni "kwi" ngenxa yokuba uxhulumaniso kunye "a" elula. Kuba Izicatshulwa verbatim yokusetyenziswa zizo akukho nkathazo. Kodwa ke, ungakwazi ukufumana ingasetyenziswa lo mgaqo lokubhala into eqhubekile ubambelele kuyo xa kufuneka ubhale ulwimi olulula. Ngapha koko, oko akukho zopelo irhoxisiwe.

indlela entsha

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, abantu sasikho kuphela weklasiki, yokuqhagamshela izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngesandla. Yintoni na, siye safunda iinkcukacha. Kodwa ngoku sele look entsha. Yintoni yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kwikhompyutha apho yayiyilwe, ukuba ubuchwepheshe bale mihla iindlela ezininzi enye ushicilelo ilizwi nkqi?

Okokuqala, le nkqubo uza ukhuseleko ulwazi. Kangangethuba elide emva kokufunyanwa kule ndawo na waphuhliswa isigama efanayo. Siya kumisa iingqiqo ezahlukeneyo, yaye ekugqibeleni ukuchonga umahluko eziphambili zokufihlakeleyoComment: ukuba yokugqibela kuquka lofihlo data, efihlakeleyo ubunyani nangokusulela kwayo - ingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe ngezithuba ezilinganayo. Iinkqubo zintsonkothe nelula zenzelwe ukulungiselela le njongo. Easy kwaye afikelelekayo ngokwemiqathango ukusetyenziswa, kwaye ngexesha elinye ezamahala, - Fox Imfihlo 1.00. Unga sebenzisa oku ukuba ukufihla iinkcukacha iifomati ezithandwayo itekisi, imizobo kunye nesandi. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzisi ifumana umgqomo ngolwazi ezifihlakeleyo. Ifayile apho zimbelwe, kwandisa ngokwendalo ubukhulu. Ukususela ulwazi isikhongozeli kwakhona usebenzisa password.

iziphumo

Yokuqhagamshela izixhobo kwikhompyutha - indlela kakhulu ukuba ubhale ingcaciso, nto leyo iye yasetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi ngokukhawuleza. It sazivelela waza waba phambi kwexesha lethu, inkqubo enjalo iye babengekadalwa ngelo xesha, nenokuthi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno kweelwimi ezininzi, kwakunye nokuba compact kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Kule uphuhliso ngezithuba ezilinganayo, njengayo nayiphi na ulwimi, ayiyi bayeka, kuba kuninzi ekusafuneka kwenziwe ukuze wenze kube igagasi. Kuyinto kule badla stenographers yonke imihla yethu.

Siyakuqonda nezimaphambili ezingundoqo, nto leyo equka ngezithuba ezilinganayo, yintoni na nokuba kutheni kufuneka oko ebomini, funda ezo iinkqubo zokuhlelwa verbatim, iimpawu zabalinganiswa zabo kunye nonxibelelwano.

Ngoku ukuba sinengcamango ngale engaqhelekanga kuthi yokubhala inkqubo, ungahlaziya zonke iimpikiswano ukuba babasukele lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Sinethemba lokuba nqaku eye ulwazi wena luncedo.