Yiyiphi imibuzo iphendulwa affixes? Imibuzo icala instrumental. imibuzo Izithetha ntonye

Ukuze intetho inonamathelwano ngolwimi Russian igama elifanayo zingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, kunokuba isinye okanye yesininzi, esobukhomokazi, ubudoda okanye neuter, ngokunjalo kunye utshintsho neziphelo declination. Kwaye indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu ukwakhiwa kweengxelo bokwenyaniso uyidlale affixes ezibonisa indima syntactic kunye nobudlelwane kwamagama kwisivakalisi. Declination obala izibizo, izichazi, izimelabizo kunye namanani. Kunye nofundo lokuba ulwimi Russian kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda ukuchonga iifom kwimeko izigaba zentetho, ibe ukwazi oko mibuzo iyaphendulwa ityala.

The main affixes ulwimi Russian

inkqubo kwimeko ulwimi Russian Kuyinto elula ukuba bafunde, kodwa iimpawu ezimbalwa iqulathe. Ngoko ke, kwikharityhulam yesikolo le isihloko kunikwa isixa esikhulu ixesha. Into yokuqala abantwana aqhelene, yiyiphi imibuzo iphendulwe kwaye affixes njengoko zibizwa. Abafundi ingqalelo, njengoko umthetho, Zintandathu kuphela izibetho ezinkulu, xa ngokwenyani baninzi ngakumbi, kodwa ngenxa yokufana n'wina kweentlobo Iifomu ityala lixesha kuhlanganiswa kunye ezisisiseko. Nangona kule sihlandlo phakathi izazi ukuba kusekho ingxoxo-mpikiswano.

nominative

Nominative anegama sabhala. n Imibuzo nominative -. ngubani? yintoni? Kuzo zonke izigaba zentetho, onjalo igama elithi kukuqala kwaye inokuba lwegama lesifundo, umntu okanye kwizimanga zendalo, njengoko kwisivakalisi usoloko luvela kwi sifundo. Umzekelo:

Beza ntombazana ngaphandle kwegumbi; Ukutshona kwelanga lé.

Kwakhona kwimeko nominative inokuba Isimaphambili. Umzekelo:

Nikita - nyana wam; Alexander - uMlawuli.

Njengoko sisoloko kota inqununu kwi nominative izindululo olunye-ukwakheka nokuphathwa. Umzekelo:

Schumi, Schumi, nekalamo; Nazi indlu endala.

genitive

Sebenzisa genitive inokuba emva isenzi kunye nasemva namagama. Amagama ngale ukwehla ukuze baphendule imibuzo nabani? yintoni? Xa ifomu ebhalwe emfutshane RP yayo

Le fomu amagama ixabiso ezahlukeneyo kunye nesicelo syntactic. genitive yomlomo ingaba ubhale isifundo:

• xa isenzi linayo kuphika: ukuba kudilizwe le entloko, asiyenzi inyaniso;
• ukuba isenzo akuthethi zinxulumene wonke lo mbandela, kodwa kuphela inxalenye yalo: usele amanzi, nidle isuphu, ndize ndicande iinkuni.

genitive Priimennoy ingabonisa iintlobo kunxibelelwano:

• ekabani okanye yintoni ngonaphakade: unina wakhe indlu, unodoli ilokhwe;
• sengqondo yonke nayiphi na inxalenye: inani ezihotele, kwisebe lomthi;
• ukulinganisa okanye inkcazo umgangatho: le chap eluhlaza, iinyembezi ulonwabo, indoda ilizwi lakhe.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuba ukuzimisela eyiyo iifom umba obalulekileyo kakhulu ukwazi ukuba mibuzo iyaphendulwa ityala.

Izibizo, sebenzisa kwi kwimeko genitive kunye izichazi uthelekiso lubonisa ukuba into okanye umntu lowo zithelekiswa. Umzekelo:

Natasha buhle; mhlophe njengekhephu, ngokukhawuleza kombane.

dative

Ukuze siqonde indlela yokusebenzisa igama kwimeko ethile, kuyimfuneko ukwazi kakuhle oko mibuzo affixes wathi, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, uhlobo oluthile ithuba. Hi xikombiso, le dative (ngubani? Ntoni?) Amazwi ibekwe emva kwesenzi, yaye kuphela kwiimeko ezimbalwa, emva kokuba amagama izinto.

Ikakhulu igama nominative esetyenziswa ukuchaza mba engundoqo apho isenzo ngqo.

Umzekelo:

Ukuze babingelele umhlobo, asongele utshaba, wayalela angaphantsi kwakhe.

Kwizivakalisi nje, imiqathango kwi dative zingasetyenziswa njenge nesivisa. Umzekelo:

Sasa wayesoyika. Inkwenkwe kwakubanda. Isigulana siya siba sibi.

wesenzo

Imibuzo wesenzo efanayo kwamanye imibuzo amatyala - oko kukuthi, phezu nominative kunye genitive. Umzekelo, ukuba iphile izinto ngumbandela ngubani? kwaye adalwa - ntoni? Kunye nabafundi badidekile kaninzi ityala kunye yesivakalisi, ngoko ukuchonga kakhulu ngokufanelekileyo isindululo kuyimfuneko ukuba anikezele isiseko yegrama. inkoliso amagama kule fomu mzekelo esetyenziswa kunye izenzi ubonise into apho inyathelo iguqulelwa ngokupheleleyo.

Umzekelo:

Fish, izihlangu ecocekileyo, ukuthunga lengubo, ukubhaka ikeyiki.

Amazwi eme kwimeko wesenzo, uyakwazi ukuchaza imali, ixesha, indawo kunye nomgama. Umzekelo:

ihlobo lonke, yonke ngomzuzu, nyaka ngamnye.

ablative

Kanye njengezinye iintlobo mzekelo, imiba ityala instrumental iindlela ezimbini abaphilayo kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo. Oku imibuzo ethile ukuze mazingabhidaniswa nezinye iintlobo. Ngoko ke, ngokuba ziyaphila izinto iimpendulo ablative umbuzo lowo? Umzekelo:

Wayezazi (lowo?) Yaye uOksana (nabani?) Xa umama wakhe.

Ukuze ufumane iimpendulo ezingaphiliyo ablative umbuzo ntoni? Umzekelo:

Fed (yintoni?) Isonka, ubunamanzi (yintoni?) Amanzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le fomu lwamagama isetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa kunye izenzi, ngokusondeleyo ezinxulumene negama.

Ezo amagama ifomu njalo izenzi basoloko besenza njenge isithuthi, kwaye zokusebenza izenzo inokuba indlela okanye indlela inyathelo, kwaye anexabiso ixesha, indawo, isithuba, obavileyo inyathelo senziwa. Umzekelo:

Shaya inja (yintoni?) Stick.

Le ndoda endala wacinezela (yintoni?) Hand.

Indlela yakhokelela (yintoni?) Ihlathi.

Ezimnandi zika "Oh Indlela Buhlungu", "lihlazo" yaye "kudliwe" ebhaliweyo (ngubani?) Korney Chukovsky.

Kwakhona, le fomu kwimeko amazwi zenzeka kunye namagama kuba nezi ntsingiselo zilandelayo. Xa kwezibizo:

• isenzo gun: ukubetha isandla sakhe, ihlamba;
• nomdlali: nonogada ekhaya, iimpahla ashiye umthengisi;
• umxholo ntshukumo: ukuzibandakanya ngolwimi German;
• Ixabiso attributive: sausage ringlet, ukucula bass.

Xa izichazi amagama asetyenziswa kwimeko instrumental ixabiso uthe phawu umda. Umzekelo:

Yena waba ingqondo olomeleleyo yaziwa ngenxa yezinto zayo.

Izithetha ntonye

Ityala lesithandathu lokugqibela, nto leyo ufundiswayo kwikharityhulam yesikolo - ntonye.

Imibuzo Izithetha ntonye, kwakunye nezinye iintlobo kunjalo zahlulwa kwicala izifundo eziphilayo (kubani? Kuba lowo?) Yaye engaphili (oko? Ntoni?). Amagama kwi nominative isoloko isetyenziswa ne izalathandawo, ukusuka apha kwaye igama tyala. Kuxhomekeka benze osetyenzisiweyo iyatshintsha kunye nemibuzo nexabiso Izithetha ntonye kusoloko yakhiwe besebenzisa ezi zihlomelo efanayo, asetyenziswa kwiimeko ezithile kwimeko.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezalathandawo ngamazwi in Izithetha ntonye

Kuba isigqibo esichanekileyo iintlobo kwimeko yamagama kunye nokusetyenziswa zawo ezichanekileyo ngentetho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukunxibelelana ngayo affixes ngemibuzo ne izalathandawo ukusetyenziswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo magama kwizivakalisi.

Ngalinye pretexts ezisetyenziswayo unika igama nentsingiselo yalo:

• ngayo, malunga, malunga - isihloko unyulo umbuzo: ingcinga ngani;
• kulo, zibe - ibonisa sifundo, ixesha, indawo kunye nendawo: kobusuku, ebhokisini, kubo bonke ubunewunewu yawo, njalo-njalo;
• kwi - osetyenziswa ukubonisa indawo apho into okanye eyenzekayo: on the table, kwisikhululo sikaloliwe;
• xa - isetyenziselwa ukuba ukhankanye kufutshane okanye phambi elulolwakhe into ekuthethwa: endleleni, kunyaka omnye.

Yintoni indima kunjalo, imibuzo kunye izalathandawo

Uluhlu kwezalathandawo ezisetyenziswa kunye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwimeko amagama idlala indima enkulu ekufundeni kwinkqubo kwimeko ulwimi Russian.

Ngapha koko, ukuba ukuzimanya sisibizo, uyakwazi ukuchaza iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo ngelizwi elifanayo.

icala	isiza-	inani	umzekelo
genitive	emhlabeni, ngenxa yokuba, phakathi	luchaze nesithuba apho into okanye apho isenzo kuthatha indawo	sijikeleze ipaki, Weza ephuma emva kwale ndlu, emi ngumthi
dative	ku ku	zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa indlela bento, isihloko, okanye kwindawo	yiya kumhlobo wakhe, hamba endleleni
wesenzo	kuyo, ku	Zibonisa ukuba ngowuphi uphikise isenzo sibhekiswe	ukwanga izinqe, khangela phandle ngefestile, ubeke phezu kwetafile
ablative	phantsi, phezulu, phezu, kunye	Oku kunokuba neentsingiselo ezininzi, kuquka ibonisa indlela isenzo esithile, ize imihla	ziphaphazele ehlabathini, ukuya phantsi kwebhulorho, abahlobo kunye nomakhulu

Declination of izibizo, izichazi kunye namanani amatyala

Enye izihloko iphambili kweli candelo ulwimi Russian sesona sihloko: ". Ukuhla amatyala" Ngenxa yale ukutshintsha igama guqukani yokufumana nesiphelo entsha, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuchaneka nokwakhiwa mbuzo. Declination kwenzeka ngokuguqula amagama ukuze baphendule imibuzo kwimeko nganye. Declination zamagama inencasa yayo, ngoxa izichazi kunye namanani kwimeko isoloko ixhomekeke ukusweleka, apho kukho ilizwi enxulumene nazo.

Declination of izibizo kunye neziphawuli

icala	umbuzo	noun	umbuzo	isiphawulo
nominative	Ngubani? yintoni?	floret	yintoni?	ngembola
genitive	Ngubani? yintoni?	flower	yintoni?	ngeqabo elibomvu
dative	kubani? yintoni?	iintyatyambo	yintoni?	yayibomvu
wesenzo	Ngubani? yintoni?	floret	yintoni?	ngembola
ablative	ngubani? yintoni?	flower	njani?	yayibomvu
Izithetha ntonye	uthetha ngayo? yintoni?	a floret	ngoko?	ebomvu

Kwimeko ka declination Amanani ndanibuza kufuneka ilungiswe, kuba isiphawulo, ngako oko kuya kuba lula ukuba usale ilizwi.

Amanani Declination emacaleni

icala	umbuzo icala	umbuzo yesi	yesi
nominative	Ngubani? yintoni?	kangakanani? yintoni?	ezintandathu ezimbini wesibhozo wesibhozo wesibhozo
genitive	Ngubani? yintoni?	Zingaphi? yintoni?	ezintandathu ezimbini wesibhozo wesibhozo wesibhozo
dative	kubani? yintoni?	Yimalini? yintoni?	ezintandathu ezimbini wesibhozo wesibhozo wesibhozo
wesenzo	Ngubani? yintoni?	kangakanani? yintoni?	ezintandathu ezimbini wesibhozo wesibhozo wesibhozo
ablative	ngubani? yintoni?	Yimalini? njani?	ezintandathu dvoimi wesibhozo wesibhozo wesibhozo
Predlozhnyyy	uthetha ngayo? yintoni?	mangaphi? ngoko?	malunga ezintandathu malunga ezimbini Ngomhla wesibhozo Ngomhla wesibhozo Ngomhla wesibhozo

Injongo ikharityhulam - ukufundisa abantwana kungekuphela nje ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo kweefom kwimeko kwamagama kwisivakalisi, kodwa kwakhona bakwazi ukusebenzisa isimelabizo elichanekileyo zibonisa ngokupheleleyo ixabiso le ngxelo. zibaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni intetho nokubhala Ezi zakhono. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusifikeleyo oku isihloko okukhethekile ngaphandle radar kanye inani elaneleyo izifundo Russian ukuba abantwana ukuze abawafundi nje kuphela, kodwa kulungile ukuba ukulungisa izinto.