Yintoni yinyaniso: igama polisemantika

Yobeko - candelo Ezolimi bafunda ukwakhiwa kunye nendlela yokuthetha zeenqwelwana zegrama kunye iindawo yesibini yesivakalisi. Intloko nesivisa usembindini ephambili utsho kwisemantiki. Ngaphandle phambi gatya ubuncinane enye ephambili njengelungu olusebenza ngokupheleleyo iiyunithi lungelelanisa nelulwimi ayikwazi ukuba. Kodwa izinto zasesekondari, nangona zibizwa njalo, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokulinganayo ekudluliseni Iintsingiselo iingxelo, ubudlelwane zegrama ngaphakathi kuyo. Ukongeza, le nkcazo kunye imeko - amalungu sesivakalisi zazide umsebenzi explanatory, libhekisela omnye eyona nto ibalulekileyo ezizichazayo.

le nkcazelo

Siya siyiqonde ngakumbi into yokuba imeko enjalo. Oku kuquka izibizo kunye nezihlomelo, izimelabizo, uphendula lo mbuzo, "phi?", "Uphi?", "Njani?", "Xa?", "Njani?" Kwaye njalo-njalo. Zimela indawo, isizathu, ubude, mode kunye t. d. imeko kubangelwa ikakhulu ukuba izenzi, ingakumbi vavisa. Ingakumbi xa libekwe izivisa sethutyana, umzekelo:

• Natasha bayibuyisela unodoli (phi?) Xa egumbini.
• Mitya noyise babehlala lonke ihlobo (phi?) Xa eli lizwe.
• Guys ukutsiba (njani?), Yazinyusa (njani?) Ingxolo.

Ukongeza kwezi izigaba zentetho, iimeko ichazwa nezihlomelo pronominal, igrafu nemizobo, uhlobo nethi yesenzi:

• UMzalwan 'waphuma phandle siphefumle umoya ucocekile kwaye onwabele iinkwenkwezi frosty isilungiseleli seglosi ecacileyo.
• baby Angry ndahlala scowling resentfully wajika waya ecaleni.

Oku ngokubanzi Izibane isihloko "Yintoni na le meko." Ngoku makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha ngemizekelo ethile.

zonke izimo

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko uvakalisa amaxabiso eyele amaqela lungelelanisa-Isemantiki, ngalinye kufanekisela iqela lemibuzo. Ezi ziquka:

• Gama elo elithetha indawo. Imibuzo Ebuzwa: Phi? phi? phi? Umzekelo:
  
  - Good (? Apho) Apho (? Apho), Senza nto. (Kule sivakalisi, iimeko ichazwa kwaye ibinzana isihlomelo ayahlukahlukenanga.)
  Natasha efika (phi?) Ukususela umzi -. (Xa indima iimeko ukhonza sisibizo kunye isalathandawo.)
  
  
• Amagama ixesha. Q: Koda kube nini - ixesha elingakanani? nini? ixesha elide kangakanani? Umzekelo:
  
  - ndaphuma Early (nini?) Phambi komsobomvu (nini?). (Isihlomelo ezibizo kunye isalathandawo).
  - Ndiyoyika ukuba hay (de kube nini?) Ngaphambi kokuba isaqhwithi siza ukuphatha. (Noun kunye isalathandawo).
  
  
• Yintoni yinyaniso silinganisa ubungakanani kunye nezenzo zakhe? Bathi ukuphendula lo mbuzo: wakwenza njani oko? njani? njani? njani? njl Umzekelo .:
  
  - puppy Scared squealing phakathi kweenyawo zakhe ndajonga inja enkulu equmbile (isihlomelo) (njani?).
  - Pearl yomqala look (njengoko wakwenza njani oko?) Kakhulu ngempumelelo kunye (njani?) Elegant (isandiso).
  
  
• Iimeko ezinexabiso uthelekiso. Bathi ukuphendula lo mbuzo: njani? efana ntoni? Kanye ntoni, kubani? Umzekelo, isindululo:
  
  - (? Njengoko umntu ofana) Bright, segolide ibhabhathane ozibiyele (phi?) Xa igqabi umoya maple (noun).
  - (? Like umntu) Ngaphandle window bedanduluka Blizzard baby bamana bebhomboloza (noun yabonisa).
  
  
• Yintoni na le meko ibangela: izenzi kunye nezibizo, phendula umbuzo: kutheni? Kutheni? ngokuba yintoni isizathu? Example sentences:
  
  - Khange okuphendula kuye (? Kutheni), Ukuze ukuba ingxabano. (Esithi ne kwisuntswana ayinayo.)
  - Intloko umntwana lowo ujikeleza (kutheni?) Ukusuka yindlala. (Noun kunye isalathandawo).
  
  
• iimeko njongo. Ezi ziquka le mibuzo: Yintoni injongo? Kutheni? ngokuba yintoni? Baya onokuchaza izindululo:
  
  - I amahashe bayeka (ntoni?) Fumana kunxila uthabathe umpefumlo. (Esithi kunye idiomatic uhlobo ngomlomo.)
  - I guys baba (kutheni?) Me kutyelela nangokuchwayita. (Ifom isenzi esingachazwanga.)
  
  
• Iimeko nemiqathango sabelo. Imibuzo ukuba angabekwa kubo: phantsi kwaziphi iimeko? naphezu nto? Umzekelo:
  
  - In likaxakeka (? Kuphantsi kwaziphi iimeko), kwafuneka ukubiza ngqwayi.
  - Nangona uqhwithela ezayo (? Nangona elo), eli qela wandwendwela indlela yakhe.

iimeko lokuguqula

Njengayo nayiphi na inxalenye yesigwebo, kwiimeko ekufuneka silandelwe. Inkqubo kulandelayo:

• Kuyimfuneko ekwahluleni unit esifunwayo kwi isindululo;
• ukhankanye oluphi uhlobo ephumelelayo imeko isebenza;
• ukuchonga indawo yokuthetha leyo uyibonisa, umzekelo: apho sihlala kakuhle (apha - inyaniso ndawo ivezwe lwesihlomelo; kakuhle - umlinganiselo factor kunye isidanga, ababalulwa i isandiso).

Le ubumbaxa lo gama

Uphuhliso lweenkqubo ulwimi, kukho into efana Upelo neempawu, okanye ukungacaci. Zisibonisa ukuba ilizwi ukuze kungafumaneki kodwa neentsingiselo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ngokulandelelana. ulwimi Russian ngowam kanye ukuba imfundo enjalo multilevel ezintsonkothileyo,. Ubalo linxulunyaniswa isenzeko kwemifanekiso-ngqondweni, ecacileyo, ezityhutyhayo. Kule kukhanya, singakwazi ukunika omnye inkcazelo iimeko - kungekhona inxalenye yesigwebo, kunye iyunithi lungelelanisa. Eli gama, leyo neengcambu zilandelayo: umba sentlalo, karhulumente, imeko, imeko, umzekelo:

• Iimeko phantsi kwayo kwakukho ezimbini zokucwangcisa, kungekudala waba uluntu.
• Kuphononongo eneenkcukacha ulwaphulo isimo mcuphi baba iinkcukacha ezintsha ezaziwayo.

Njengoko ubona, lo gama sisibizo , kwaye ntonye noko kakhulu. Olu didi usebenza ibinzana elithi "iimeko zobomi": uthotho iimeko neziphumo iziganeko ezithile, izenzakalo kunye nezenzo.

ilizwi art

Xa umthetho, kukho kwakhona kukho lwendibaniso equka lo umqondiso. Kwimeko ethile, baye ixabiso antonymous esahlukileyo kwaye enze isibini. Oku "iimeko ezizodwa ezinciphisa" yaye "iimeko inkunzi". Eyokuqala emthethweni mthetho zibhekisela iziganeko ezinjalo, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba umoni akunjalo ingozi, fumana isizathu, kungekho kwayo. Ke, phezu koko, ityala kuxhotyiwe mthetho ibonwa kwi izinto ezininzi kakhulu.