Yintoni ndlela isetyenziswa Münsterberg? Münsterberg ndlela: umyalelo

Nabani na uyazi ukuba nzima kakhulu ngethuba umsebenzi ukugcina xi ubuninzi ingqalelo lo mbandela Okhethiweyo. Kuphela ezo iimpumelelo ezifunyenweyo kwi ezemfundo kwanomakhondo, ngubani na ingqalelo kwinto enye yaye kuchithwe neengcinga ezingeyomfuneko zangaphandle kunye nezenzo. Oosonzululwazi kunye kwengqondo ziye kudala wafunda umbuzo malunga ingqalelo yomntu. Ngoko ke indlela ingqalelo ukukhetha Münsterberg, nto leyo inceda umntu ukuqeqesha ingqalelo yakho kwixesha elizayo ukuphumeza ubekwe olukhulu kwimisebenzi yabo kunye nezifundo.

Hugo Münsterberg

Hugo Münsterberg - wengqondo waseJamani, owayephila ngasekupheleni 19 - kwinkulungwane yama-20. wayenomdla amayeza kwaye wayefuna ukuba ngugqirha kunye iminyaka elivisayo. Kodwa xa usiva le ntetho German ngengqondo Wundt batshintsha ngayo ubomi bakhe, waza waba nomdla bengqondo, kwaye nkqu 1885 wayezithethelela ithisisi yakhe waza wafumana iziqu zakhe zobugqirha kule elithile.

Ngelishwa, ngaloo minyaka, ngezengqondo isayensi ithiyori ngakumbi nokuziqhelanisa wayenolwalamano elikude kakhulu. Hugo Münsterberg ngomnye iisayikholojisti bokuqala walungelelanisa ilebhu iyahlolwa ngokwengqondo yaye wazama ukuba ukunika inzululwazi zohlobo isicelo.

amandla professional Young nako ukutsala abantu zokuqala nenzululwazi entsha nokuphuhlisa American. Münsterberg kwenziwa umnikelo kakuhle kakhulu, yaye wafudukela US, ukufumana indawo e Harvard kunye nokuthatha phantsi ulwalathiso lwakhe ilebhu entsha kwengqondo. Kungekudala emva kokupapashwa yaqala ukubonakala umsebenzi wokuqala yesayensi Münsterberg.

Le ndlela ivumela ukuphucula ukufumaneka kwe ngabantu, kwafunyaniswa zizazinzulu 1915 Kule minyaka ukuba wayexakeke kakhulu kwi bengqondo mveliso.

Münsterberg ndlela: kakuhle kwaye eluncedo

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, Münsterberg ngokuzimisela wasebenza ekuphuculeni imveliso womntu.

Le Isazinzulu phakathi kwabantu bokuqala ukubona ikhonkco ngqo phakathi kangakanani umntu uyakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo yayo nempumelelo entsimini umsebenzi. Ukuze ufumane indlela ephumelelayo ukwandisa ubuchule yoxinaniso lomntu - leyo Injongo Münsterberg.

Le ndlela, awathi yena, kulula kakhulu ukuba zingasetyenziswa nkqu ngokuphathelele abantwana besebancinane ngokukhulisa ubuchule babo ukugcina ingqalelo kwinto enye. Kwaye akukho kuphela xi kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, xa nto kuthintela umntu ukucinga malunga umsebenzi ngesandla, kwaye ukukwazi ukugcina ingqalelo into kwiimeko apho kukho ezininzi loo ingxolo.

test Münsterberg

Enye mvavanyo Münsterberg bulawulwa hayi kuphela kuphuhliso ingqalelo, kodwa isifo sakhe ngexesha elifanayo.

intwana Wiz sephepha apho ishicilelwa umhlathi enkulu kwisethi yoonobumba. Oonobumba, ekuqaleni, akunanto yakwenza omnye komnye. umgca nganye sijongeka njengoku: "upoldtdozhdmioaidaylzhmaldm". Kodwa le isethi oonobumba efihliweyo amazwi umntu kufuneka afumane ngexesha amaqashiso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi unikwa imizuzu 2-3.

Ke ukuvavanywa kweziphumo zeemvavanyo Münsterberg. Indlela kweziphumo processing ejonge malunga ngolu hlobo.

1. Kubalwa umlinganiselo yamagama ifihliwe ndimoneka abo bantu.
2. Ukuba inani lamagama afumaneka ngezantsi avareji yoko, lo mbandela ingcebiso, njengako apho kufuneka wenze umthambo ukuze ukuqeqesha ingqalelo yaye oku impahla psyche yakhe bakho.
3. Ukuba inani amazwi sisiphumo avareji, lo mntu unikwa ingcebiso, njengoko ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha ngohlobo imidlalo ukuba ukuphinda le mithambo.
4. Ukuba inani lamagama belingana inani asongiweyo, nxaxheba uvavanyo nga Siyavuyisana kuphela, ekubeni emangalisayo ingamelana izakhono ingqalelo.

kuphuthuma kangakanani na ingxaki ukuzikisa ingqondo?

Münsterberg ubuchule ukufunda izakhono zobuchule zabasebenzi kwiindawo ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusetyenziswa kwiiyantlukwano ezahlukeneyo.

1. Oosomajukujuku phambi moya emajukujukwini iqeqesha olulodwa, nto leyo iquka ukusebenza ingqondo. Umzekelo, they thembisa ukuba ukubukela isandla yesibini imizuzu emihlanu. Ekuqaleni, kubonakala ukuba kulula ukuyenza, kodwa abaninzi bayasilela uvavanyo kwaye kufuneka uphinde kwakhona kwaye kwakhona.
2. Abaqhubi zigula ezingozini ngenxa yoko, abanalo omkhulu umthamo ingqondo kwaye abanalo ixesha zisuse imiqobo. iimpawu ezinkulu kwaye inemibalabala ecaleni esekwe ukwenzela ukuba zikwazi ukutsala umdla wabo abaqhubi kunye akhumbuze kuye uxanduva ubomi babo ubomi babanye.
3. Nomdlali yakhiwe kwi ubuchule ingqondo. izixa ezikhulu yombhalo, iimeko enikwe, imibono ukupeyinta - konke oku umdlali kufuneka sikhumbule ngalo mzuzu komsebenzi cinga nje ngayo.

Yintoni abantu abakwaziyo sigxile kwiinjongo

Abantu abaye babe nako yoxinaniso eliphezulu, ngoko nangoko azikaqapheleki. Bathe kakuhle ekwenzeni umsebenzi wabo phantsi nkcukacha zincinci, ukuze bakwazi ulahle yonke ngaphandle okungeyomfuneko ingqalelo yakho kwabanye ixesha ofanele uli- kuphela kunjalo, leyo ababandakanyekayo.

Kushishino, ukukwazi ingqalelo umntu ukukhetha esihlenga, kwakunye ukukwazi ukwahlula ezingundoqo nezasesekondari. Inqanaba uqeqesho ingqalelo limisela ngokupheleleyo umlinganiselo wenkcazelo ukubamba abantu. Xa ukunxibelelana, thethana ngokupheleleyo xiyimiso limisela ubuchule umntu lokuvakalisa kuphela iingcamango zabo, kodwa ukuqonda ukuxambulisana interlocutor yakhe. A ulwalamano umdla kakhulu ikhona phakathi sawo womntu nobuchule bakhe ukuba ingqondo. Ngokomzekelo, ndiye ndaphawula ukuba choleric (ngenxa yesimo zawo nomnombo) bayakwazi ingqalelo kwixesha elithile ngenene elifutshane. Batyekele ukutsiba ukusuka kwenye isihloko incoko ukuya kwenye, ukusuka umsebenzi omnye komnye.

Enyanisweni, le miba nikela ukuba isifundo Münsterberg. Ulwazi ukuze uphuhliso ingqalelo unako, nditsho ngengqiqo ukuvula umntu buchopho.

Focus wawo

Siyazi ukuba bonke abantu buchopho ziyahluka ubuchule ingqalelo ngayo ngezinga eliphezulu. Nditsho ebuthongweni bakhe, baqhubeka ukusombulula ingxaki (umzekelo, Mendeleev). Münsterberg ndlela ivumela ukunyusa iqondo eyavela - ngoko, ngandlel 'ithile, kuba negalelo ekukhuleni lobungcali umntu. Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba wonke isiphiwo kwindawo ethile, kodwa ingaba oko kuya kuphumelela, kuxhomekeke kubuchule zakhe zokugxininisa kule njongo.

Ngenxa yoko, kunzima ukuba zazi yonke zinzuzo ofihla njengobuchule Münsterberg kwi ingqalelo. Le mithambo zilula kakhulu, kodwa ukuba kahle enze rhoqo, uze usebenzise ubuchule babo banikele ingqalelo emsebenzini, ngoko wonke umntu ngengozi ngenye imini wake up buchopho.