Kunjalo, kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, siya balinganise umgama: ukuya wevenkile elikufutshane kwikhaya lezalamane kwesinye isixeko, ukuba emdeni chaza , njalo-njalo. Noko ke, xa kufikwa kwisithuba olukhulu ongaphandle, kubonakala ukuba ukusetyenziswa lwamaxabiso eziqhelekileyo siyakuthanda km ngokungakhathali. Kwaye akukho kuphela ukuntsonkotha onesiphumo imbono ixabiso omkhulu, kwaye inani lamasuntswana kuzo. Ingxaki iba nkqu ukubhalwa inani elikhulu amaqanda ezinjalo. Ngokomzekelo, ukususela Mars emhlabeni umgama imfutshane - million 55.7 km .. zero Six! Kodwa planethi ebomvu - enye abamelwane bethu ekufutshane esibhakabhakeni. Indlela yokusebenzisa amanani efanayo enkulu, ezo zifunyenwe xa kubalwa umgama ukuba nkqu iinkwenkwezi ekufuphi? Kwaye ngoku sifuna ubuninzi efana kunyaka ukukhanya-. Yimalini leyo? Ngoku baya kuqonda.
Yintoni 1 kunyaka ukukhanya ilingana na?
Ingcamango ngonyaka ukukhanya eduze kunye nokwakheka relativistic, apho ubuhlobo kunye nokuxhomekeka macala isithuba kunye nexesha elibekiweyo kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XX, xa wawa postulates wokulungisa Newtonian. Ngaphambi koku, iinqobo umgama, kweeyunithi ezinkulu kwinkqubo abunjwe ilula: iiyunithi ngalinye amelwe ukuhlanganiswa umyalelo elincinci (iisentimitha, iimitha, khilomitha, njalo njalo). Kwimeko kukukhanya nyaka-kude ukuba ebotshelelwe ixesha. nesayensi Modern kwakusazeka ukuba isantya ukukhanya zidle njalo. Ngaphezu koko, ngowona santya siphezulu kwindalo, eyamkelekileyo physics namhlanje relativistic. Ukuba ezi zimvo babekwa isiseko ixabiso elitsha. A nyaka ukukhanya-ngumgama kwavela ukukhanya kuhamba kwenye Umhlaba kwikhalenda unyaka. Nekhilomitha enye imalunga 9,46 × 10 15 km. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ikufuphi umzimba yasezulwini, inyanga, photon weyisayo umgama lemizuzwana 1.3. To kwelanga - malunga ezisibhozo imizuzu. Kodwa ngaphambi kwelona inkwenkwezi elandelayo, Alpha and Proxima Centauri, sele malunga ezine zokukhanya-iminyaka.
Nje umgama kumnandi. Kukho ke yokuma kwaye umlinganiselo enkulu isithuba. A nyaka ukukhanya-lumalunga esithathwini mnye parsec, okukhulu ngakumbi imigama oluphakathi iiyunithi.
Andise Velocity zokukhanya kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo
Hi ndlela leyi, kukho kwakhona iqela enjalo ukuba photons Inokuinikezwa ngamazinga ahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Thina sele beyazi indlela ngokukhawuleza ukuba bendiza cleaner. Ke xa kuthiwa ukuba nyaka ukukhanya uyahamba kumgama ukukhanya ngomnyaka yokulwa wayecinga na isithuba ongenanto. Nakuba kunjalo umdla ukuqaphela ukuba kwezinye iimeko uqina ukukhanya inokuba ezincinane. Umzekelo, kwi ziluhlaza emoyeni usichithachithe ngereyithi thile kunonyaka cleaner. Yintoni na - ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile emoyeni. Ngenxa yoko, kwindawo kuzaliswa gas-kunyaka ukukhanya elingana nexabiso ezithile ezincinci. Noko ke, bekuya kuba eyahlukileyo kancinane naleyo yathatyathwa lilizwe.