Yintoni na uluntu: iimpawu kunye nembali

Yintoni yasekuhlaleni? Amaxesha amaninzi sijamelene nale mbono, ezingena kwimpikiswano kawonke nezopolitiko, zithandwa kakhulu kwilizwe lethu. Ngapha koko, uyabona, umbuzo enoba kukho kuluntu eRashiya, ngokufuthi weva ezi mihla, ingakumbi ephuma emlonyeni abapolitiki efanayo kunye namanani oluntu. Kakade ke, sonke ungaziva siyiqonde ngokoMthetho jikelele into nakwimibutho yasekuhlaleni. Noko ke, akusoloko ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo nezo kolu didi lwezenhlalo. Makhe zama ukugcwalisa ezi izikhewu bayidiliza kweli nqaku.

iingcambu zembali

Le mbono yavela e Europe kwakhiwa ngexesha lama yonxulumano nkulu. Eneneni, yintoni na kuluntu, kodwa sisiphumo sophuhliso nkulu kunye notshintsho kwezentlalo namhlanje? iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kuphuhliso zawo kwimizabalazo yeenguqu epheleleyo yokuphatha eYurophu, ingakumbi i-British ne-French ngowe-1640-th ka1789. Okokuqala wabeka isiseko amalungelo kwimbali yehlabathi, umda lobuzwilakhe yobukumkani, wazivula ke ilizwe ukuba indlela yophuhliso longxowankulu. Owesibini bonke kwaphawula uloyiso izimvo malunga nokulingana jikelele, xa iiklasi asezantsi baye ukuhlanganiswa yowiso yimpembelelo yawo kwi-nkqubo karhulumente, nangona Kuqeqesho wathengiswa ezimbalwa. Ethetha yokuba ubudlelwane nkulu zibe yinto yokuqala ebalulekileyo ukuvela yoluntu yasekuhlaleni, sithetha ukuba negalelo inguqu kwezentlalo, etshabalalisa ubudlelwane feudal kunye nokudala iindidi ezintsha ze abemi: oohlohlesakhe kunye yabasebenzi kwindawo yokuqala, leyo kungekudala ndaqonda izinto zawo ezifanayo kunye nobunzima kuluntu (olunga kwazanga ukwenza abalimi esichitha-chithwe amaxesha bondage, ezweni, ngokubanzi, akazange aye ngaphaya elalini yakhe), waqalisa ukufuna amalungelo ngakumbi nangakumbi kunye nenkululeko. Ezi mfuno ziye zijoliswe ikakhulu kwindlela ekhoyo yezopolitiko, enyanisweni, urhulumente ngokwayo. Yile - iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ukuba ngoku ngokwemvelo ukwahlula uluntu kunye norhulumente. Intanda yale mbono uye kukulawula lisekwa iinkcuba abaziwayo mihla nowangoku. Phakathi kwabo kukubonelela ababhali ingcamango "contract lwentlalo" Dzhona Lokka noTomas Hobbes, isiFrentshi yiEnlightenment, uJean-Jacques Rousseau, kunye Charles uMontesquieu, Abaseki German ngayo izinto eziphathekayo dialectical Karla Marksa kunye Fridriha Engelsa.

Yintoni uluntu namhlanje kunye noko iimpawu zayo azifakwanga?

Kwaye luphawulwa mpawu zilandelayo:

• uphuhliso iziseko wedemokhrasi;
• ngokwenene ukusebenza ukhuselo yabemi;
• umsebenzi free ngaphakathi sikhokelo esemthethweni yoluntu zoshishino yabanini;
• izinga sezingeni eliphezulu kwenkcubeko yoluntu kunye nezopolitiko;
• izinga sezingeni eliphezulu lemfundo labantu;
• self-nokusebenza;
• woqoqosho oluxubileyo ;
• inani elikhulu abakumgangatho ophakathi eluntwini;
• ingqalelo eliphezulu le nkqubo yentlalo karhulumente;
• nezigxina ezininzi ngexesha elinye izimvo eluntwini;
• ukhuphiswano free.