Colima (emlanjeni) phi?

It nje Kwenzeka ukuba igama Kolyma ukubonisa ummandla ohlanganisa Magadan Region kunye Yakutia, lombutho ukuba iziko lamacebiso inkqubo enetyala eli lizwe. Nantsi ke iminquba kakhulu eyoyikekayo, yaye igama lo mlambo intle omkhulu mpuma eRashiya nangoku enxulumene zocindezelo zamanyangaza. Kodwa siza kuthetha hydronyms emangalisayo - enamandla abazizityebi Kolyma abathwele bonke ubomi - kwaye zizwe selivshimsya elide ecaleni kweendonga zayo, yaye namhlanje yabantu ayicingi thina yobukho ngaphandle open la mazwe abahambi Russian.

A incinane

Okokuqala Kolyma River (Halyma Yakut) ukhankanywa kwingxelo Pomor-wamazwe Mihayly Staduhina, intloko hambo, iyinto eyazala ukufunyanwa kwamazwe ezintsha nezitya zokutshiza Indigirka Alazeya (1639), kwakunye isiseko ngo-1644 kwi-esezantsi ye Kolyma kwiikota ebusika. Kwakhona uchaza inzalelwane ezinzima - uYarebhi Chukchi, ikhusela indlela yayo yokuphila kwaye uthabathe ixesha ukunika iindwendwe nakubani. Yukagirs, Tungus, Chukchi, Evenki, tywa phezu kwezi elunxwemeni kwaye obzhivshie iindawo eziyingozi, bandakanya ekulobeni, ukuzingela, inja sledding kamva.

Nizhnekolymskiy kwinkampu ubusika enqatyisiweyo yaba kwindawo yokuqala uhambo elizayo kunye ehla ekufuneni imimandla enzima ngakuphi. Ukususela kwiminyaka 1647-1648 Umhlaba kunye uhambo amanzi, gcwalisa le ndawo umfanekiso ohambelana iinkcazelo.

Lo mhloli odumileyo polar nguDmitry Laptev, owafika njengenxalenye Enkulu Northern uhambo, ngo-1741, yachaza efikelela kuyo umlambo, ade azifikise ngasechwebeni Kolyma River, ngokukodwa imibhobho zawo Stone Kolyma, isakhiwo ezikhethekileyo - i-CTLI yokuchonga, apho kamva waba undoqo iiprojekthi ezininzi zophando. Ukusuka apha ukunyuka intaba odumileyo Wrangell, Billings kunye nezinye abahloli abadumileyo ngokulinganayo. Eli libali ngexesha lokufunyanwa kwezi ndawo, eziyingozi, ngqwabalala, kodwa enomtsalane nobuhle ezintle akhethekileyo ngasentla. Makhe sihlolisise apho umlambo Kolyma ezelwe, ethwala amanzi alo, apho indlela esenza kwaye lihlangana nayo.

Imvelaphi yegama

Izazinzulu ziye okwangoku anikangeni kwisivumelwano malunga imvelaphi igama (Colima). Evens - abemi zemveli kwezi ndawo, ebizwa Kullu yakhe, nto leyo ukusuka Turkish iindlela emlanjeni. Namhlanje lo gama siyakhuselwa kuphela umthombo lasekunene Kolyma River. Michael ithi Stadukhin yakov yaye kamva iqhelekile umntu mihla - Kolyma. Bonisa uqhagamshelwano etymological phakathi Kullu kunye Kolyma akukwazeki nakubani na, kunye yeengcinga impikiswano malunga ngemvelaphi kwegama Yukagir nazo ngaphandle ubungqina. Mhlawumbi ngonaphakade uhlale imfihlelo igama emangalisayo - Kolyma River. Uphi na ekuqaleni kwayo, sifunda on.

ziimbaxa

Kolyma kwakheka kwi amabini kokuxhuma Okhotsk- Kolyma inkangala Umthombo: emlanjeni Ayan Yuriakh, wehlela phakathi kwamatye Halkan Ridge kunye umlambo Kullu kuvele imilambo ezimbini lenyengane loza Suntar-Hayata. Ivela apha ukuba izithuthi umlambo ngasentla kwi-Arctic Ocean.

Kolyma River apho ugeleza

Nesitya sokuhlambela nemingenela yawo emininzi waqubuda indawo enkulu kummandla Magadan, iyavuma Krai, Yakutia, uchukumisa iindawo ezithile Chukotka kunye ena. Ehlahla indlela yayo eya olwandle ngokusebenzisa permafrost, ezigudle iintaba elulwalwa, umlambo Kolyma ungena kulo East Sea yaseSiberia ngomlomo 3 enamandla:

• Eastern - lokuthumela Stone Kolyma ukuba eqinileyo 20-kilometre ngokubanzi. ubude umlomo km-50 kunye nobunzulu - malunga 9 m.

• eliphakathi - Pokhodsk Kolyma, ubude umkhono-25 km, ububanzi 0.5 ukuya 2 km kunye nobunzulu 3.5-4.5 m.

• West - Kolyma Chukchi, naye ineenkalo gqitha: ubude-60 km, ububanzi 3-4 km nobunzulu - 8-9 m.

Delta ubude isiseko imalunga-110 km, yaye indawo yayo 3 efikelela phantse amawaka square. km.

Ubude kunye neempawu

Yintoni na ubude emlanjeni? Colima linobude 2129 km, kwaye ukuba babala ukusuka kumthombo Kenelichi - River, isebe lasekunene Kullu, oko kwandisa ukuya ku 2513 km. Phantse 1400 km Kolyma aqukuqela phesheya babeziindleko yommandla Magadan, yonke indlela yayo ihamba nge Yakutia, kwaye nemithombo ebekwe kwi iyavuma Territory.

Ummandla kwintlambo kakhulu umxhelo -. 643 amawaka ezadalwa M. km. Phezu kodonga lasekhohlo kukho Valley Kolyma, ebabela ngokwendalo nezitya ye Kolyma kunye Indigirka. Ukubunjwa noshowo i Highlands ibandakanya inclusions ezininzi yamatye acacisa igneous yelo thuba Mesozoic, eqinisekisa ubukho iidiphozithi zegolide kwezi nkalo. Uhlobo zivutha of isuka ezintabeni lomlambo ohamba eziyingozi ngcembe unika indlela eya kumathafa ye Kolyma esesihlanjeni nakumandla-Qinisa kwemali. Umandlalo eWild kakhulu eyenza inani elikhulu enemikhono. Ezinye iindawo ecaleni iibhanka umdla kakhulu - i uhlamba amanzi kude namawa mlilo, exwebula buvele ebizwa ngokuba "Tala", iidipozithi evakalala yamandulo - iindawo ochumileyo izifundo zakudala ukuba baye bafumana amathambo mammoths. Kwezinye iindawo unxweme Amathafa okanye sigcwele nodaka encangathi ezinokuba ukubulala izilwanyana kunye nabantu.

Emva kokuba indlela Kolyma River Highlands phezu ukuba babeziindleko ka Yakutia - igolide-zithwele imithambo eziphambili republic Russian. Apha, icala-bank lasekhohlo Kolyma esesihlanjeni ngokuthe ngcembe edlula emazibukweni wethafa wasentla.

Kolyma River: nokungena

Kwicala lasekunene lomlambo malunga kumntla-ntshona ukuzolula zeentaba Kolyma lenyengane-schist ligutyungelwe izityalo emangalisayo coniferous. Apha iqala zonke omlambo i-Kolyma - Bahapcha, Buyunda, Balygychan, Sugoy, Korkodon, Berezovka, Kamenka, Omolon, incinci kunye, inkulu Anuy. nemingenela Left -. Seimchan, zithwele, Yasachnaya, Popovka, Zyryanka, Ozhogina, Sededema River, njl akulambathi kwilivo yamandulo ubunjwe bomthonyama Eastern eSiberia, Kolyma River kuthelekiswa nabantwana abaninzi, baziswa, zikhuliswe kwaye bakhulisa abantwana-35. Nantso inani nemingenela - kubaluleke kakhulu okanye ngaphantsi kumlambo Kolyma apho. Ngokutsho legend, ikhule umlambo unina endala wanika abantwana igunya: ukuze nikwazi ukusoloko ninezinwe, nzulu, ukuloba, ukukhathalela abantu abahlala kufutshane. ekungeneni enye Omolon kuphela wayefanele ukuba ibe inkxaso kuye. Eneneni, zaya phambi kwabo bonke mahala womkhenkce komnyaka, ukondla Kolyma.

A umendo jiko ukuya olwandle

Bhija kuzo zonke iindlela, i Kolyma River indlela yakhe, esuka kwelasezantsi-ntshona ukuya emntla-ntshona, maxa wambi kakhulu eshiya emacaleni nokwenza idolo enkulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba uviko ekhohlo Kolyma Shumikha indlela yakhe eya mpuma, yaye emva koko uya mpuma, ngokuthe ngcembe silungelelanisa kwicala emantla ukuya ekudibaneni koMlambo wayo Zyryanka. Ngoko ke, izibhija kunye ukurhangqa, Kolyma egqitha Vyatkina Amaphecana, apho kanye kwakhona, azithe ukuya ngasemazantsi-mpuma, ngoko utshintsha ulwalathiso ukuya emntla-ntshona ukusuka kwisixeko Srednekolymsk kwaye kwakhona ujikeleze usinge entla-mpuma. Le indlela igcinwa kunye nokungena eziphambili Omolon, kodwa emva kokuba ekudibaneni lomlambo Anyuya, isusa ukuya emntla, ngokugcina sele oku kwi Bay kwi-Arctic Ocean.

Oku kukhuthaza ukuyilwa uhambahamba phakathi nobuninzi kwemali. Umzekelo, ngaphantsi Verkhnekolymsk Shipanovskaya flow kudala indawo ebanzi ngokwaneleyo Shipanovsky Island kwimimandla esezantsi emlonyeni lomlambo Konyaeva ezimbalwa duct ezincinane wambumba yonke ukusasazeka iziqithi, ngokuba namhlanje i siqithi. Emkile kwemijelo engundoqo kummandla iphecana iwele Zahrebetnaya bile elidityaniswe kuyo Kolyma Nizhnekolymsk, ukudala a evuthelweyo kwisiqithi 110 ubude km enkulu kunye ububanzi ezisukela-10 ukuya km 20.

iimpawu nemin

Kolyma - bondle umlambo, kukhethwa ikhephu-imvula kunye ukushiyana 47% ne-42% mixed. 11% iwela wemvula aphantsi komhlaba. Ehlotyeni inqanaba lamanzi lehla kakhulu, ndibathuma ndivuka kuphela ngexesha kweemvula ezinkulu. Kwenzeka nezikhukhula elifutshane. Iqondo lobushushu amanzi omlambo gqolo ephantsi, ngokokuqhelekileyo hayi ngaphezulu ndivuka 10-15 ° C, yaye kuphela cwaka okusaqhubekayo iindawo nzulu ilanga lasehlotyeni Julayi ukugqitywa othe ukuya ku 20-22 ° C. Kolyma lumiswa ngo-Oktobha, kule minyaka ebandayo - ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Owayevunyelwe olwandulela begcina ngumkhenkce, kwaye isenzeko elitshisiweyo ukubunjwa ijinga amadama umkhenkce, ixesha apho yahluka ukusuka kwiintsuku-2 ukuya inyanga.

Free of ice Kolyma River ukuya phezulu kwehlobo wekhalenda. Break-up ungatsala ukusuka kwiintsuku-2 ukuya kwi-18, oko kudla kunye kwingxinano umxhelo.

lokuthumela

Ukususela emlonyeni Bahapchi lomlambo, Colima uba kunawo. Noko ke, intshukumo rhoqo iinqanawa lwenziwa esuka Seimchan port. Ubude kwethuba navigation esebenzayo ziinyanga 4-5. Eyona engundoqo zokungena i Kolyma - Seimchan, Zyryanka, Cherskii.

ukusebenzisa kwabantu

Xa esezantsi lomlambo liphuhlise lokuloba, utsalo kwezimbiwa. umlambo enamandla amahle emantla namhlanje umntu, ngokumnika iintlobo zeentlanzi nje kuphela, kodwa umbane eveliswa kwi Kolyma HPP. Esi sityalo kagesi kubo. Yi Frishter wakha kufutshane Sinegorye dolophana yaye yakha ubuninzi umbane, nto leyo ngokwaneleyo 95% yalo mmandla. Kolyma HPP - kuphela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lwezikhululo ehla umbane Kolyma. Namhlanje iphela ulwakhiwo Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP, nto leyo ke lesibini ibakala le ayo. Ngo-2013, siye kwamenza kweyunithi yokuqala ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, kwaye zokugunyaziswa ngokupheleleyo kwisitishi liya kubonelela ukhuseleko nangoncedo mmandla kunye nophuhliso olusebenzayo kushishino lwezimbiwa mmandla.

Kwaye ngoku siphila Indoda ngokupheleleyo-ukugeleza kroti fundanga ngokupheleleyo Kolyma River. Amafoto thaca kule ncwadi ebonisa ubuhle kunye namandla alo, ukunceda umfundi ukuba ngqondweni -ngenxa emangalisayo eyimfihlakalo Northern Belle River.