General Chumakov Fedor: engobomi, olunomdla, iifoto

Phambi kokuba uxelele ngubani na Chumakov, Jikelele, owaziwa bonke ababukeli kunye abalandeli uncwadi wamajoni, kuyimfuneko ukuba zihlale phezu igama umbhali odumileyo yiSoviet, wafumana ngexesha i-USSR State Prize. It Ivan Stadnyuk, ogama baziwa kude ngaphaya kwemida yelizwe lethu imisebenzi.

Malunga umbhali

Vala onke umfanekiso wadala yi umbhali General Chumakov, ngokunjalo, kwaye akukho mntu na ongazaziyo jovial Mxim Perepelitsa, abalinganiswa kwinoveli kunye namabali Ivana Stadnyuka (kunye neebhanyabhanya kwi zeempendulo zakhe). Ukongeza koku? Ivan Stadnyuk ebhalwe ezinye iincwadi ziye zaguqulelwa ngeelwimi ezininzi zehlabathi: "Abantu asingabo zezulu," "Rangers", "Indoda ayiniki phezulu", "Abantu izixhobo", uluhlu olude. Ingakumbi eyaziwa ngokuba screenplays bakhe Ivan Stadnyuk nemidlalo yeqonga. "Le mfazwe kwicala lasentshona" - series TV, owayebonakele zobuqhawe Chumakov, Jikelele, ogama umfanekiso ukuba uyaphila kangangokuba, abantu abaninzi ningaqiqi njengoko ligorha yoncwadi okanye movie.

Imisebenzi yokuqala zapapashwa Ivanom Stadnyukom enkarhini lowu "joni eSoviet", kunye nomkhosi umxholo umbhali akasishiyanga kude kube sekupheleni. Kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, wasebenza kumhleli phephancwadi yintsomi, yaye ilungu lebhodi umhleli wayeneminyaka emashumi mathathu. Ivan ngokwakhe Fotievich Stadnyuk - mkhosi, wokugqibela imfazwe waza wabona Amaqhawe emininzi enjalo, njengoko wadala General Chumakov. Ukusuka imfazwe akawusondezanga kuphela ezininzi amabhaso iimbasa, kodwa amava, ezo ngcinga, ezo nkumbulo ukuze ingabi ndiyiphalaze kumaphepha iincwadi zakhe.

Inyaniso yokuphila kunye neencwadi

Kweli xesha eSoviet Ivan Stadnyuk wafumana ngokoqobo iingxowa iileta, nto leyo ngokufuthi eziqulathwe imibuzo ephathelele abo okanye ezinye iinkcukacha amaqhawe, apho wayehlala Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich, Jikelele Army. Oku kuyaqondakala. Udlulisele isiqinisekiso ukusuka ngaphambili, nto leyo eyaba isiseko iincwadi zayo yonke ngokupheleleyo inyaniso unokwazisa umfundi imeko leyo apho, nobuntu, nakuzo izinto ezibhaliweyo kule ncwadi, kufuneka AMAGQABAZA ▸ zabo ngokwenene. Lo mfanekiso, elinombhalo jikelele Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich kwakhona banyaniseke kakhulu.

Nangona iinxa zonke eziphakamileyo iziqinisekiso, iincwadi Stadnyuk zizele ukuzithemba, ukunyaniseka, ukuba kukho ubungqina enkulu kumava, ngoko ke umfundi yamkela njengoba iqiniso abangazange ebekhona phantsi amagama aba bantu. Enyanisweni, nezigigaba zomkhosi echazwe kule ncwadi ngokwenene azenzileyo, nabo bonke abantu ababandakanyekayo kulo. Kwaye General Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich ikwafaka iimpawu eziphambili iinjengele ezinkulu ezininzi. Phezu kwabo kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

umbhali uthi

Ngowe-1983, Ivan Stadnyuk wafumana USSR State Prize for inoveli yakhe "War" yaye "eMoscow, th 41." Emva koko waxelela abafundi bakhe ukuba wakhe Fedor Chumakov, Jikelele - umntu etsomo. Kodwa ubuntu bakhe ngocoselelo wenza zonke intlonipho noxabiso, lonke uthando, nangengqiqo iphela yezenzo womthetheli yeshumi General Ahlyustina imishini lweSizwe, injengele elinanye General Mostovenko imishini lweSizwe kunye nenjengele leSithandathu General Hatskilevicha imishini lweSizwe.

Indima yezi olawulo ubunzulu okukhulu kwiiveki zokuqala imfazwe phezulu kakhulu, nkqu ukuyila bekungenakuba ukugubungela zonke iingozi kunye nenkalipho engathethekiyo inani elikhulu iimeko ezibuhlungu iintloko kwafuneka ukuba ahambe kunye namadoda akhe. Corps General Chumakov, ogama Ibhayografi ukulibeka ngokwenene eyenzekayo isiganeko, wenza iindawo ezifanayo kunye neemeko ezifanayo ezinzima, apho kwakufuneka soyise real imishini Corps ye-Red Army.

Kubanga kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe

Ivan Stadnyuk kwiziganeko ezenzeka imihla yokuqala imfazwe inxaxheba, nabo bonke ubunzima ubunzima ngokobuqu. Kwaba e Western Belarus, kwimimandla emdeni wayo. Kwaye ke biography Jikelele Chumakova Fedora Ksenofontovicha wafunda zonke ezi nkathazo. Stadnyuk Noko ke, nje ngasentla, ilizwe elingummelwane lo mkhosi, nto leyo nayo ayizange yaxhobisa ngokupheleleyo ezishelifini. Ke kwisahlulo sakhe kunjalo waya amanyathelo ngoko nangoko. Ndabona nabanamava lo mbhali ngokupheleleyo zonke iyafana naleyo zonke ezinye iiyunithi kunye namaqonga, ngubani ngequbuliso bazibona kule grinder inyama, kunye utshaba ubuso ngobuso.

Kwaye embindini phantse owavela sebali - Jikelele Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich, umntu emangalisayo biography njengoko kubonakala ukuba umfundi (kwaye ngoko abaphulaphuli). Faka bhanya-bhanya iziqephu ezintandathu, uyashicilelwa studio Dovzhenko ngo-1990 okusekelwe kwi-Romana Stadnyuka, ingakumbi abantu atshata nabantu imifanekiso Amaqhawe Second World War. Jikelele Chumakov kunye neziganeko ngokubulawa kwale ekuqaleni longquzulwano enkulu waba ngomsonto ophilileyo edibanisa langoku kunye namaxesha ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kwekhulu eyadlulayo.

indaba

Screenwriter ye ifilimu umbhali kuye, yaye, Kakade, oko washiya istampu kumgangatho. Phezu kwayo yonke i "iimpazamo 'ezicacileyo amaninzi, lo mfanekiso kanti shrill, kwaye ngakumbi kusenokwenzeka emagqabini yombhali. Ababhali nkqu uguqulelo yiSoviet kwendima kangangoko ulawulo sigwenxa, amanqaku ukudibanisa, leyo khange irwece okanye Stadnyuk wabhala malunga enye.

Emva kokuba kuhlaselwa German amaqhophololo kwi eSoviet Union kunye neenkokheli, kunye Stalin ngokobuqu wenza ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ngokoyiswa amajoni ethu lango 1941 andinakusola kuba, ukuba mininzi amaxwebhu. Imeko ebalulekileyo yomkhosi zethu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba imikhosi bethu kwi kwincopho kwakhona, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ithethe Stadnyuk kumaphepha zeencwadi zakhe. Ababhali wafika xa kwehle iimeko silinene, bazama ukuba ukuzigqwetha imbali eminyaka yokugqibela.

nomgomo

Kodwa le filimu Kusekho impumelelo, nxamnye inyaniso. Kuyabonakala ukuba, kanye zifundo Awukwazi ukufumana impendulo kwiintliziyo zabantu Soviet, nkqu eSoviet. Nazi abaphulaphuli bayahlelwa oonyana babantu ezahlukeneyo. I njengesiqhelo nabaqhelekileyo, ngokufuthi engaziwa, yenza ubomi babo uqulukubhode alibaleke, iqela labo kwakhona bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa luvo yabo, hayi ukufihleka ukubaleka - bamrhola amajoni ukuba kude kakhulu, kodwa ke kunyanzelekile-win.

Xa iziko le ibali - Biography. Jikelele Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich (ifoto, kakade, kunokuba kuphela ukusuka movie). Le yenye yezo ngqwayi abaye wabona ngokucacileyo kwaye ndaqonda ukuba le olubi, amandla kakhulu kakuhle nangokupheleleyo yasemkhosini ezityikitywe elizweni lethu kulo lonke ubude bayo ukusuka kumda wasentshona, utshayelwe zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Kodwa Jikelele Chumakov, njengazo zonke AMAGQABAZA ▸ wakhe, abanyuse ukumelana komsindo nxamnye ndlongo lwamaNazi. Lo mboniso, ngathi incwadi igama elifanayo, kukho ukukhanya - kubafundi kunye ababukeli glimmer esifingo woloyiso. Lo mfanekiso imisebenzi yokuqala ekhubekisayo (Yelnia).

nakusoleka

Kule ncwadi, Ivan Stadnyuk wabhala ngokucacileyo ukuba Major-General Fedor Chumakov liphakama esifubeni sakhe kuphela imbasa ye Isikhumbuzo seminyaka engamashumi amabini oluBomvu Army Miyalelo ezimbini Red Banner. Ababhali inikezelwe kuye kuqala kunye Order of uLenin Order of the oluBomvu Star, zandule zonke incum kwi iconostasis wenza. A Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beriya yiyo phandle! Ngokuqwalasela nomfuziselo, yena uMkomishinala Ukhuseleko abakuluhlu yokuqala, kodwa, maye! Sele ngoJanuwari 1941 loo nomfuziselo akaba nako ziguge. Kwafuneka zokuthunga enye enkulu nkwenkwezi ekhethekileyo.

Ngexesha ngemibuzo, Pavlova Beria buttonholes athungwe phantsi phezulu endaweni yayo - ekhohlo endaweni ekunene. Yaye isibakala sokuba imibuzo - ababhali zamabali. Yena akazange abe nako - kuba kumasebe ahlukeneyo. Pavlov benza NGOs, ezo nto subordinated kwi NKVD nakanye, njengoko andibanga inxalenye zokhuseleko kukarhulumente. Kwaye - oku kwakhona Stadnyuk ukubhala ayengafuni! - oko distsiplinka i NKVD! Oonogada ukuthetha ilizwi ngezihloko angaphandle phambi yaBantu Commissar, kodwa elikhulu, ehleli kwikona kude.

A kabanzi ababhali liphupha

Ababhali - ngokuqinisekileyo hayi abantu zomkhosi, kunye nembali nokuba zomkhosi nolwazi kuqala-ngesandla khange. Nam ke izihloko abazi nayiphi na inkqubo imibala zomkhosi. Nkqu iinkqubo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo - i NKVD omkhosi wokhuselo karhulumente kwaye sibone ukuba Stadnyuk wayengenayo imali. Patch athungwe ngokupheleleyo endaweni ekunene, kodwa ke makangakhohlisi kuthelekiswa kunye namasebe isiphithiphithi. Ngokweemvakalelo, kuba iseti yenzeka ngokupheleleyo sigcawu shot ngokwemiyalelo Beria Pavlova.

Pavlov kwimo Jikelele Army, xa bebephethe ngokupheleleyo kunye nemivuzo, singagwetywanga wadubula ngqo kwi epasejini - ebunzi kwe ivolovolo. Bekuya kuba funny ukuba abazange ibuhlungu kangaka. Ngokutsho kwamaxwebhu - lentendelezo yintoni umbhali Ivan Stadnyuk wakhankanya wayekwangusihlalo igqwetha yasemkhosini Ulrich umkhosi, kwaye yonxibelelwano, nokuba ashicilelwe. Le sinqumo zifundwe GKO umthetho zonke iiyunithi zomkhosi kuzo zonke amaqela. Kuyabonakala ukuba, lo script kubhaliweyo yee- emva kwexesha, xa kwakukho zokutshangatshangisa nezityhilelo kulawulo Stalin kaThixo, kunye amagwebu ubuxoki ngokuphandle, ubaxo kunye ukuguqula imbali.

Facts kunye nezibalo

Apha Stadnyuk ukubhala, andazi ngayo. A ababhali 'wenza thina, "njengoko bathi e Odessa. izibakala ezininzi manani mhlawumbi kuba kwaziwa ekuqaleni kwemfazwe kangaka kakuhle, ukuxoxa kuphela ngqwayi kodwa amajoni. Oku umyinge imikhosi umda oluBomvu Army kunye namaqela Wehrmacht, lo mkhuba ubunkokheli zomkhosi nopolitiko iingxelo intelligence le yokuba ukuhlasela kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi.

mbali Professional, uninzi izibakala prepodnesonnyh ababhali kudala waqaphela ukuguqula. Umzekelo: General Chumakov wabuza abasebenzi Colonel, nokuba amagosa amawaka amane babanjwa, waza waphendula wathi ukuba iyinene. Indawo enamandla! Kodwa yintoni kumgangatho ophantsi yenzelwe? Le film rhoqo weva "i-Belarusian Military District", nto leyo ngo-1940, yaphela khona, waba Military District Special Western. Ummandla ESmolensk ngaphakathi yena Belarusian? Pavlov yi Western waza wayalela ukuba ababhali ngokucacileyo ndifana nani.

Ngakumbi umdla ngaphezu ibali Raskolnikov. NgoJuni 1941, Beria kunye Molotov nesicwangciso ukumiswa defector (uzowenza, umbhali kunye sikatata). Kubonakala inkqubo NKVD konke angalaziyo ukuba Raskolnikov e Nice wafa kwiminyaka emibini enesiqingatha edlulileyo. Kwaye, kakade, ekunene kusasa kaJuni 22, 1941 Stalin wayivala kwi-ofisi wasela iwayini Georgian ngeveki. Nangona kanye emva kwentsimbi yesine sisiqingatha kusasa yena sele inxaxheba emsebenzini (kukho kwakhona lityelele kwi log-ofisi Stalin kaThixo - kudala kuwonke-wonke). Nkqu zhukov wabhala ngendlela ecacileyo, ukuba isifundo kwenzeka ngomhla wokuqala imfazwe - voltage akunakwenzeka ukuba ngqondweni. Ezinye umbono kunye uStalin - le maphupho epheleleyo. Nkqu ngokomfanekiso uninzi lwazo nasihlahla. umnqamlezo ibonakale incum inkokeli! Akukho izimvo. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto ngokwaneleyo thotho. Kulunge ngakumbi le ncwadi.

Mostovenko General

Mostovenko nguDmitry Karpovich waphila de 1975. Ngexesha lemfazwe, waba yindoda Polish ezaziwayo-kakuhle kunye neenkokeli Soviet emkhosini, ngoko Colonel-Jikelele Soviet Army. Yavela kummandla Volgograd. Yena inxaxheba kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I ukususela 1915 ukuya 1917. E Red Army 1918, wabayalela nomkhosi, ngoko webutho ye-Southern Front. Waphumelela Military Academy kunye nezifundo kwi-Academy ogama emva Dzerzhinsky (1926).

Patriotic IMfazwe Enkulu, wadibana injengele elinanye imishini lweSizwe kunye kufuphi Grodno angqongwe, ukusuka apho umzimba wakhe bazisa ke ukulwa. Ukususela ngowe-1943, wathi umthetheli-imikhosi imishini kwaye transport ye-Polish Army. Wathabatha inxaxheba Ukoyisa Parade kwi-Red Square. Wakhonza umkhosi yiSoviet phambi umhlala phantsi. Wafa e Minsk. Le esitratweni ithiywe emva kokuba isixeko Grodno Mostovenko, apho ukususela 1967 kuye kwakho ngummi yekhethelo. Amanqindi iingalo iinjengele zaye kakhulu: amabhaso elinesibini, iimedali zininzi kuphela ngexesha lemfazwe. Colonel-Jikelele ukususela ngo-1946. Waba kwase hero yenoveli "War" Ivan Stadnyuk. Kumaphepha ayo - oku Jikelele Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich, ogama engobomi ifana kakhulu bayahlelwa emkhosini General Mostovenko.

Ahlyustin General

Ngubani wafa iimfazwe imfazwe kwisithili Slavgorod, ummandla Mogilev - Jikelele Ahlyustin Pet Nikolaevich waba kwase hero Romana Stadnyuka. Wazalelwa kwingingqi eChelyabinsk. Ndikwazile ukwenza ezinye ekulweni kwi Russian hussar mkhosi waseRoma, apho wafumana isikhundla igosa yokuqala. Emva kwemfazwe, okwexeshana wayesebenza nesityalo ngentsimbi. Ngowe-1918 weza ngokuzithandela phakathi oluBomvu Army, apho waye injengele amakhulu elihamba entabeni webutho. Wayesilwa imiphambili emazantsi kunye mpuma.

Ngowe-1926 waphumelela emendweni amagosa ', ngoko - abakhwele-1928. De 1941, wakhonza kula mabutho kuphela, eyabelwe angaphathi imishini phambi kwemfazwe, kwaoko - engemveleli wakhe. Kwimizuzu yokuqala imfazwe wakhokela kwibutho labasebenzi kwakhe edabini nxamnye nemikhosi kakhulu kunabanye, xa kwisithili Minsk zandingqonga. Iintsalela zomzimba kuphela ngoJulayi libuyele Red Army. Ngaphandle nezikhali, ngaphandle imishini kunye izixhobo. Ngaphambi kokuba intlanganiso yebhunga kunye kwiinxalenye eziyintloko jikelele wafa ekudibaneni SOG.

Hatskilevich General

UMajor General Hatskilevich wafa ngosuku lwesithathu emva kokuqalisa kwemfazwe, mu lupwa, ngqo ngaphakathi etankini. Wazalwa kwi Nizhny Novgorod kwintsapho yamaYuda, wakhonza ukususela 1916 kwi-Imperial Army, yaye ngowe-1918 awathunyelwa Olubomvu Army. E War Civil ifumene udumo eninzi ngokulwa kwi West, South-West kunye noMzantsi fronts, wafumana amabhaso. A ngonyaka phambi ekuqaleni Enkulu Patriotic umphathi elimisiweyo leSithandathu imishini Corps kwisiThili Western, ngexeshana elifutshane kakhulu, umzimba ube yinkokeli kwisithili. Amandla enkulu yokuthanda lo mntu, ukufunda nokubhala kunye nengqondo. Wayesazi ukuba imfazwe elilandelayo - impi injini, kwaye wenza yonke into umzimba obabulingana iziganeko elizayo.

Umlo bafika kwangoko, yaye ngoJuni 24, phantsi iziqhushumbisi nokusingelwa emoyeni, wagalela counterblow nxamnye phambili imikhosi yotshaba. Nkqu ngenkani ukuba siphumele. Kwaye ebotshelelwe imikhosi yakhe elikhulu utshaba oluBomvu Army unako ukwenza redeployment. Ngenxa yoko, kwakukho itanki enye kuphela izindlu, yaye oku netanki yaba jikelele ngayo. Noko ke, ikhefu liphuma encirclement yaqala, apho i-General batyumkileyo imibungu eziliqela guns anti-itanki German. Kodwa yena abulawe. Ivan Stadnyuk wanika beqhawe Jikelele Chumakov ezi mpawu - nobukrelekrele, isibindi nokuzinikela.