IziTayile zonxibelelwano zokufundisa

Individualization umsebenzi zokufundisa bekusoloko ingxoxo entle inxaxheba ekuhlaleni zokufundisa, apho, maxa wambi, izimvo wayehluke iphambene. Abameli elinye ngengcamango ebanjwe ukuba kwamkelekile ukuba nkqu imimiselo ezisesikweni elawula uhlobo lonxibelelwano zokufundisa, ngoxa abanye walwela zokugcinwa nenkululeko epheleleyo kule nkalo, sithembele lootitshala kwangaphambili echanekileyo. Ngaphandle kokuya kwi iinkcukacha olu phando, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu kude inzululwazi le mbambano, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba unxibelelwano zokufundisa, Noko ke, njengazo zonke ezinye, Kunqabile ukuba kufuneka 'efomatiweyo "ngabanye imithetho eqhelekileyo, imigangatho kunye nemimiselo. Ethetha enye mpawu zombini zobungcali ngokubanzi inkcubeko ngutitshala, oko kukuthi, nangona kunjalo, usoloko iqulethe iimpawu ukujongwa, kuba ibonakalisa ukuqonda engaphakathi imiba ethile nguye wonke ubani obandakanyeka ekufundiseni.

Ngoko ke, indlela inengqondo kakhulu ekufundeni iindlela zonxibelelwano libeka umzamo lokuhlela kubo ngokwecebo eziliqela izinto, ngokokubona wethu, zezona zibalulekileyo ekutyhileni uhlobo kunye neempawu entlobo zonxibelelwano zokufundisa.

Ngaphambi kokuba ukuvezwa nomba umahluko kwisimbo, kubalulekile ukuba ukugxininisa iyonke. Ihlala into yokuba yonke iindlela zonxibelelwano zixhomekeke ingxaki efanayo - ubonelelo qha zokufundisa ezifana, apho kunokuzuzwa ukusebenza kakhulu kwinkqubo zoqeqesho kunye nemfundo. Yiloo nto uhlobo lonxibelelwano uchazwa ingqibelelo imfundo okunenjongo iindlela kunye nobuchule yentsebenziswano entlalweni nasengqondweni, ngexesha apho ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi, ifuthe lemfundo kunye nenkqubo lokuqulunqa nokuphuhlisa izakhono zonxibelelwano. Ukuba sicinga ngeendlela zokufundisa konxibelelwano ngenxa ekubonakalisweni kuphela ngamnye iimpawu zobungcali zobuqu kootitshala, oko kuqondwe ngabo ezo mpawu typological zonxibelelwano katitshala kunye nabafundi, nto leyo akhiwa kule nkqubo yentsebenziswano zentlalo zokufundisa.

Kuba okokuqala le ngxaki, ibe yenzululwazi, ubeke wengqondo waseJamani Kurt Lewin. Namhlanje, le ndawo enolwazi i kunokuba okukhulu intsimi zabanjwa elikuwo ephuhliswe iingcamango injalo yeengcinga athandabuzekayo, ipropati jikelele kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba naziphi na iingongoma lwembono ezikhona kulo mba, akakwazi njee wakhanyela.

Modern inzululwazi yengqondo-zokufundisa njengoko isishwankathelo esisiseko iindlela ngeendlela ezilandelayo unxibelelwano utitshala.

style Democratic lujolise kungekhona kohlolo ngamnye inxaxheba kwinkqubo yoqhagamshelwano, kodwa izibakala ukuziphatha kwakhe nabanye. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule isimbo zezona collectivism kwingxoxo iingxaki kunye kwezigqibo, i ngakumbi ubukho bezinto iintlobo tyaba impefumlelwano nkqo, utyekelo kuphuhliso kunye nokusasazwa kukho iintlobo sesebe le self-kwabafundi. style Democratic ikhuthaza inyathelo nokuzimela, imfundo abafundi self-ukuzithemba. Utitshala kulo mzekelo, ngokuyimfuneko uxhomekeke abafundi ekwakheni kwabo yipharadaym zokufundisa ngokwazo endaweni wena njengomfundisi. Xa i "fomati" ezifana zonxibelelwano, utitshala - ngowokuqala phakathi kwabantu abalinganayo, leyo ngenxa igunya nelungelo igama obungahexiyo.

Umahluko a isimbo yedemokhrasi zonxibelelwano, wenza unxibelelwano, oluthi luqokelelane ngokusekelwe welungu nehlombe oziyilele ngutitshala kunye nabafundi. hayi enomkhondo kangangokuba iintlobo zonxibelelwano utitshala isoloko kubekwe phambili argument ukukhula zokufundisa ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ufakelo utitshala ethical lisekelwe, kunye. Ngokutsho ayephila, oku indlela unxibelelwano boqobo VA Sukhomlinsky, V.F.Shatalovu, Makarenko.

Namhlanje, kuba akukho mfihlakalo, kuba isimbo kakhulu eqhelekileyo nethandwayo ngegqudu, nto leyo luphawulwa iingcebiso ngutitshala, ukuzibophelela umyalelo-lolawulo indlela lombutho imisebenzi yemfundo. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezifana utyekelo engathandi "kukhokelela" katitshala ukuya kwindawo eyingozi apho iqala babhenele entsimini yonxibelelwano, tactlessness kwakunye nokuthotywa labafundi nendumiso ngokungenabulungisa zabanye. Oku akuthethi, umzekelo, ukuba utitshala izibalo ayichazi kuphela umxholo le ngxaki, kodwa nendlela iconjululwe. Ngako oko, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, emoyeni nasengqondweni yentsebenziswano kwenkqubo "ngutitshala - umfundi". Ngengqiqo ezininzi jikelele, ukuphunyezwa kwe ngesimbo ngegqudu ibonisa ilahleko yokuqiniseka ngutitshala kubafundi kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukusombulula eyiyo iinjongo zophuhliso loluntu.

Ekhona kule ukufundisa imfundiso izimbo zonxibelelwano, apho utitshala, phantsi owazenza iqondo eliphezulu nentembelo kubafundi bakhe, enyanisweni, asuse ekusombululeni iingxaki zemfundo embi kakhulu thina. Le style elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba yokuyekelela, nokuba malunga elide uze ungakwazi bexabana. Oku "psevdodemokratizm" umsebenzi, njengoko umgaqo, kukhokelela ekuncipheni kwindima yokufundisa katitshala kunye ukuwa kumsebenzi wayo njengoko injalo. Amaxesha amaninzi, style zibhuqe sikhatshwa ukungalingani, utshintsho rhoqo isimo utitshala, nto leyo kubonakaliswe uhlobo yonxibelelwano lwakhe kwaye intsebenziswano kunye nabantwana.

indlela ebizwa ngokuba "kumgama ingxoxo-", ezidla ukugxininisa intlonipho ootitshala kumgama othile entlanganweni yonxibelelwano kunye nabantwana ezisasaziweyo. Ngoko akukho nto imbi, ukuba inyathelo zaphawula, kodwa kamsinya nje utitshala uqalisa ukwandisa lo mgama, yiyo ibandakanya utshintsho semthethweni ngenxa yentsebenziswano zokufundisa. Umgama kufuneka isekelwe kuphela igunya ngutitshala, kunokuba zamntu imo lesiseko. Iiyantlukwano kuchaphazele kakubi uhlobo lonxibelelwano; kulo mzekelo, ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela umgama, kudala indlela wokudlala xa utitshala ufuna nayiphi na olahlwa yayo ngokungathi ukulungisa, oonyana "ukuthantamisa" yakhe bahleka futhi connivance.

Kaloku, yaye, ekugqibeleni, indlela kakhulu kwesigele konxibelelwano - zonxibelelwano, ukoyikisa, isebenza njengobungqina ngqo ukungakwazi utitshala makaqonde qha zengqondo kunye neqela labafundi, kwaye ngoko ke kufanelekile ukuba lo mbuzo zengqibelelo zokufundisa ngokubanzi. Nayiphi ukoyikisa njalo kulilize, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni na ukusebenza kulo Vuka, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba nomphumela - short.

Kakade ke, kunzima ukufumana utitshala ekunokuqhagamshelwana 'zihlelwe "isimbo yonxibelelwano kuthiwa" olunyulu ". Kuzo zonke, kukho iimpawu authoritarianism, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ugqithele ukugrogriswa. Yintoni na kubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuba othwala features banezimbo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba indlela - oko njengokubonisa ungubani yesiqu, kubonakala, akakwazi alazise nawuphi na umntu, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lomsebenzi yakhe njengomntu oqeqeshiweyo.