Yintoni na oothixo? pantheons amaRoma Greek

Igama elithi "yonk 'liye iingcaciso eziliqela, ngendlela enye okanye ngenye ezidityanisiweyo kunye namanye, kweli nqaku azixoxwa ngokwenkcukacha onke amaxabiso ayo.

Yintoni na oothixo?

Igama elithi "yonk 'livela nowezojiweyo ngepani lesiGrike (" zonke ") kunye lukatheos (" thixo "), nto leyo ligama eliqhelekileyo ngenxa bonke oothixo, eyeyomnye inkolo okanye iintsomi. AmaGrike amandulo namaRoma njalo kuxokwa itempile enikelwe koothixo bonke. Kwakhona, kukho inkcazelo enjalo ilungele kutyunjwa kwezakhiwo omkhulu, izakhiwo apho abantu abadumileyo kungcwatywa. igama ngokufuthi lisetyenziswa ukuchaza iqela oothixo a intsomi ethile (yaseSamariya, isiGrike, amaRoma, umYiputa, kunye nezinye Slavic). Iinkolelo impucuko yamandulo, njengoko kuchasene iicawa ezininzi mihla, badla inani elikhulu wezithixo akwi amacandelo ohlukileyo oluntu.

Kela eRoma

Kwi lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na le kela" Rome mhlawumbi ukuphendula "indlu bonke oothixo." Oku nomdla eyodwa nhloko waseItali, i wobugcisa zokwakha laseRoma yamandulo. Yayakhelwe ebudeni bolawulo * uKhesare Hadrian kunyaka 126 BC. e., ngexesha ukuba ngexesha lokugqibela bukhosi. oothixo baseRoma yaba ukuvuselelwa "kwendlu bonke oothixo", awayakhayo Mark Agripa. Igama lakhe umakhi wokuqala immortalized kwi sakhiwo. Kuyinto ibandla elikhulu, eyakhiwe ngelo xesha, yaye de ngenkulungwane XIX, akaba nako ukufihlakala beat. Kela eRoma (photo thaca kweli nqaku) ingumzekelo yeetempile lwale bokwakha. Abantu abaninzi baye bazama ukuba ukuwukhuphela, kodwa akaba nako ukufumana ngeenxa yandile kunye nobuhle. Likhangeleka kakhulu omkhulu. Iindonga blank Monolithic kujikelezo Kwathi nesezindlu ngaphambili, ezibandakanya imikrozo emibini lwemihlathi ezinkulu, amatye aqingqiweyo ngokupheleleyo lenyengane. Dome kela uyamangalisa kwezobunjineli ixesha. Oku kwenziwa ngendlela ikhweyitha rhoqo, ubukhulu balo 43 m, udaka ukuphakama elingana ukuphakama iindonga. Embindini kwawo na ekuthiwa-Iso oothixo - esikhulu window ngeenxa kunye ububanzi of 9 m Nguye kuphela ukukhanya rotunda -. Iholo ephambili oothixo. Ngasezindongeni emarmore emhlophe, into ke rotunda ezi yayigcinwa apho eqingqiweyo ekuqaleni ephakamileyo oothixo baseRoma, kwaye ngoku - Bamngcwabela abantu abaziwayo nezibingelelo. Xa iRoma lamkela ubuKristu, oothixo washiywa, kwaye ukutyabeka lobhedu ihonjiswe ye-mlilo nesezindlu athathwa ngayo kwamanye amabandla kaThixo. Kamva, ngomnyaka 609 BC. e., oothixo baseRoma yanikwa ibandla lamaKristu. Ukususela ixesha eqala ukuya kungcwaba abanegama ngenkcubeko kunye nobugcisa, kwakunye namalungu eentsapho zasebukhosini. Kukho, umzekelo, ingcwaba Raphael, Italy yokuqala ukumkani Viktora Emmanuila II, kunye nabanye.

zoothixo baseRoma

Enye inguqulelo impendulo yalo mbuzo: "Yintoni na oothixo?" - ingqokelela nezithixo a intsomi ethile, kulo mzekelo siya kugxininisa zamaRoma. It onobuhandiba woothixo yamandulo ndikwakhele ummangaliso onjalo, efana yamaRoma yonk 'into ekuthiwa, leyo okhankanywe ngaphambili. AmaRoma baba kakhulu eluncedo baze babe ilungileyo abantu ezahlukeneyo angabamelwane okanye oyiswe. Oothixo ephambili oothixo, bazithatha ukusuka amaGrike amandulo kunye nokuthiywa ngokutsha, ukuba uvumelane zibe wemfundiso yabo esisiseko. Ngokwahlukileyo kwanakumGrike, xa oothixo baseRoma of Olympus wayengekho bakhe, badla ngokubonwa umlinganiswa a. Jupiter, iMars Quirinus baba oothixo triad enkulu ebonisa misebenzi ezintathu ezingundoqo zoluntu: zonqulo sababingeleli, yomkhosi kunye noqoqosho. Ukongeza apho, waba yonke nezinye bambi, oothixo aphantsi kunye nemimoya. oothixo Various ngabaxumi zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kwakukho, umzekelo, oothixo kweelwandle, amahlathi, ukuzingela, ukuchuma, ezolimo, izilwanyana, eziko; oothixo owakhusela ubomi, ukunceda ekumitheni, ukukhathalela umntwana, wagcina komtshato, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Phakathi edume: UJanus - uMdali wehlabathi kunye uluntu, Jupiter - i ophakamileyo, uthixo iindudumo nemibane, noMkhuseli nabalawuli, iPluto - uthixo ukufa kwelabafileyo, nguNeptune - uthixo ulwandle ummandla wamanzi yonke, mlilo - umxhasi yobugcisa ingcibi kunye nothixo lomlilo, Mars - silwe, nangona ekuqaleni nguthixo wenzala. Kukholelwa ukuba yena waba nguyise ka Romulus kunye Remus - wabaseki eRoma, waza wafumana nomondli wayo umxhasi. Kwakhona eyaziwa Mercury, uMinerva, Venus, uBacchus, Phoebus, nto leyo ibandakanya ubukhulu becala le yonk ' zoothixo baseRoma.

Greece yamandulo

Kwiintsomi zamaGrike, icandelo ebaluleke kakhulu original kwaye inzima emilibeni yokuzalwa. Enye into ebalulekileyo ngokulandelelana kweziganeko. Ekuqaleni, kwakukho Isiphithiphithi njengesiseko wendalo iphela, ukusuka apho ngoncedo Eros wabonakala Uranus kunye Gala (umhlaba kunye nesibhakabhaka), baba indoda nomfazi. Kubo bazalwa iingxilimbela kunye Cyclopes olo ndilugxothayo eTartaro Uranus. Emva Titans ababezalelwe, edume eyile: Themis (isithixokazi lobulungisa), Mnemosyne (isithixokazi memory), Ocean, uRhea Kronos, nto leyo kulawula ihlabathi, watshata URhea. Ngokutsho kwesiprofeto, oko kwafuneka ukuba abawise nabantwana babo, ngoko yaziginya bonke abantwana babo. Kodwa umkakhe wasindisa kaZeyus oselula, wayifihla. Xa Zeus ekhula, wamdlwengula uyise ukuba babuyele abanye abantwana akuginyileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba kukho imfazwe phakathi koothixo kunye Titans, apho nguZeyus kunye nabanye oothixo kwanceda aphumelele iingxilimbela kunye Cyclopes, yena lowo ebuya eTartaro. Zeus waye uthixo ephakamileyo zezulu, iindudumo nemibane, imithetho yezinto zonke. Kunye nabazalwana noodade bakhe, wahlala phezu engcwele kwiNtaba Olympus. kela Greek ibandakanya elinambini ezinkulu bambi Olympian: nguZeyus, Poseidon (uthixo yolwandle), zekhompyutha (umfazi wakhe, isithixokazi womtshato neentsapho), Hadesi (uthixo zobukumkani kwabafileyo), Ares (uthixo emfazwe), Aphrodite (umfazi Ares, isithixokazi uthando beauty), Athena (isithixokazi ubulumko), Demeter (uthixo wenzala), Hephaestus (uthixo ngensimbi kunye namagcisa), uArtemis (isithixokazi ngokuzingela), uHerme (uthixo zorhwebo obuciko), yayinguDionysus (uthixo iwayini). Ngaphandle kwezi, kukho kwakhona kukho oothixo nezinye, oomoya, Oophunguphungu.

isiphelo

Kweli nqaku, sifumana impendulo eneenkcukacha lo mbuzo: - kwimizekelo yayo ephambili "Yintoni na oothixo?". Kakade ke, ukongeza pantheons zamaGrike namaRoma, kukho kwakhona i ezinye iinkcubeko umYiputa, yaseSamariya, yaye abaninzi Slavic kunye neentsomi ezizwe ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kubafanele zokufunda kunye ingqalelo, kodwa uhlalutyo lwabo eneenkcukacha kuyimfuneko ukuba achithe inqaku eyahlukileyo.