Yintoni na magama etymological? isichazi-magama ezeMbali etymological

isigama abasisigxina ulwimi Russian wenza ulwimi lweenkobe lezafobe kunye nemali engakumbi. Gcina up ngamazwi amatsha sele aziwayo - ukuze ngokuthe ngcembe ukutshintsha ixabiso layo, ebanika shades ezintsha intsingiselo. intetho wethu - kuba yinto eziphilayo ukuba wazinqumla ngenyameko okwakhe amasuntswana ezisengozini kwaye baphola, uya kwandisa amagama amatsha, fresh, kunye nelungelo. Kwaye ukuba ukuqonda intsingiselo yamagama amatsha, kufuneka i-magama etymological. umsebenzi wayo, isakhiwo kunye nexabiso zichazwe ngezantsi.

definition

Yintoni na magama etymological? Kwindawo yokuqala ezithi qatha amathala iiholo yamandulo egqunywe maphepha ubulembu. Kodwa ngoku ngenxa kwidikshinari etymological Intanethi ulwimi Russian ifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lwabantu. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa nangaliphi na ixesha.

Impendulo umbuzo wokuba yintoni isichazi-magama etymological iqulethwe kule nkcazelo. Ezi izichazi ezichaza imvelaphi kunye nembali yamagama ezahlukeneyo. Abaninzi amagama - imvelaphi non-Slavic, intsingiselo yawo yokuqala wambi ekude oluqhelekileyo. Nditsho elithi "etymology" - asemzini. Eli gama kubolekwe ulwimi yesiGrike kwaye ziqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini: kwi etymos translation - lithetha "inyaniso" logo - "igama". Ukudityaniswa la magama mabini ke 'inyaniso yamagama. " Ukubiza nje kunika uluvo lokuba yintoni etymology, nokuba isichazi-magama etymological enjalo. Ngokubanzi, le dictionary luluhlu ngamagama asemzini okanye Russian, nganye eneyazo imbali yayo kunye nentsingiselo.

History of etymology

Ezama ukuchaza intsingiselo yamagama Kwabonakala elide phambi kokuba ukusasazeka lokubhala, seva sibambe isebenza yaseSamariya, umYiputa, zo isiAkkadia, apho bachaza intsingiselo yamagama ngolwimi lweenkobe. Ke kaloku ngaloo mihla kwakukho amazwi babebadala kunaye impucuko kakhulu, imvelaphi, kwenzeke ukuba ahlale Akuchazwa.

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iilwimi, kunye namazwe zixubene, wendele kwaye shwaka, wabuyisela ubomi amagama amatsha. Kodwa kwakusoloko kukho abantu ukuqokelela iinyama Abasindileyo le ntetho ezama ukucacisa kubo. Esi sichazi-magama lokuqala etymological kwakukho amagama ambalwa kunye namabinzana. Kamva, isigama zandiswa, yaye inxalenye nganye yokuthetha lwakhethwa ulichaza.

amagama olwimi Russian

Esi sichazi-magama lokuqala etymological zolwimi Russian yakhululwa ngo-1835. Kodwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba ezama ukucacisa intsingiselo kunye imvelaphi yamagama. Ngoko ke, Lev Uspensky kwincwadi bakhe "I Tale of amagama" esa ibinzana Feofania Prokopovich ukuba i- Dictionary - "Ngaba Lexicon" - ukusebenza nzima kwaye onzima. Nokuba nje ukuba aqokelele onke amazwi ulwimi boncwadi, yahlukanisa amagama aqhelekileyo ukusuka imiqathango ethile iziyelelane, Govorkov - khulu. Nangona kwalo ndibeke iminyaka emininzi ubomi babo ukuze aqokelele amazwi ulwimi lweenkobe kwenye isichazi-magama etymological.

I izichazi yokuqala

Imbali uye wayilondoloza amagama abalandeli yokuqala, abaqokeleli lwamagama Russian. Baba FS Shimkevich, kf Reyff, MM Izyumov, N. V. Goryaev, A. N. Chudino kunye nabanye. Esi sichazi-magama sokuqala etymological zolwimi Russian kwifomu yalo mihla kweza kwinkulungwane yama-20. wawo liqela ngeelwimi, izazinzulu ekhokelwa nguNjingalwazi AG Uguquka. Phantsi kwesihloko "Le isichazi-magama etymological ulwimi Russian," yena iprintwe izihlandlo eziliqela, njengoko ulungisiwe. Uhlelo yokugqibela eyaziwayo malunga nonyaka-1954.

Esi sichazi-magama etymological ezininzi ezibonisiweyo yaqulunqwa M. Fasmer. Incwadi yokuqala eyapapashwa ngo-1953. Nangona imisebenzi ezininzi kweelwimi epapashwe ngeelwimi Russian kamva Fasmerovsky dictionary etymological zolwimi Russian ithathwa upapasho inelona futhe likhulu ngohlobo lwayo.

Indlela Fundisisa iLizwi

Ulwimi ezizweni zonke zomhlaba ifana umlambo - it esoloko itshintsha yaye ukuthatha kwiifomu ezintsha. Ngamnye kuthi waphawula indlela ngcembe ulwimi oluthethwayo ibandakanya, amagama nezivakalisi entsha ebolekiweyo okanye ilungiswe. Ngelo xesha iingqiqo abadala yaye isetyenziswe engafane-hamba - "wahlamba ngaphandle" ulwimi. Waguquka ifomu bokuceba amagama - ngamanye amaxesha ezidluliswa kuba elula, maxa wambi nzima olongezelelweyo izakhiwo ezenza kube lwengcingane yaye novakalelo.

ukuchazwa kwamagama

Ingcaciso magama - kwakungelula. ukufunda igama ngamnye kubonisa kuphela uluhlu ukutolika zakhe zangaphambili kunye langoku, kodwa ufuna iingcambu okanye isandi upelo amagama afanayo, liphonononga iindlela kunokwenzeka ukususa imiqathango ngamnye ukusuka kolunye ulwimi kuye kolunye. Kwi utshintsho zembali ukuthatha indawo ngamazwi ezahlukeneyo zolwimi Russian, ubalisa isichazi-magama lwembali etymological. Lugxininisa kwizinto ukutshintsha njani iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo eli lizwi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kukho kwakhona isichazi-magama ngokufutshane etymological - ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa inkcazelo emfutshane ilizwi kunye namathuba okuba ngenene imvelaphi yayo.

A imizekelo embalwa

Yintoni isichazi-magama etymological, makhe siqwalasele imizekelo embalwa. Wonke umntu uyazi igama elithi "sicelo". magama Etymological ulwimi Russian uchaza ukuba iyunithi loluntu iingcambu German. Kodwa ngolwimi German ilizwi livela kwisiLatini. "Eziphumayo" kuthetha, ngolwimi lamaRoma amandulo. Phantse intsingiselo efanayo eziqhotyoshelwe ilizwi ngolwimi German. Kodwa ulwimi mihla Russian unika i "ongenayo" intsingiselo eyahlukileyo gqitha. Namhlanje, lo kuthiwa umntu esiza imfundo ephakamileyo. isichazi-magama Etymological kunye amanqaku livela eli lizwi - sicelo, abiturientsky. Uphando lubonisa ukuba izichazi ezimbalwa kunye namagama lunye, i kamva eli candelo loluntu wangena ulwimi Russian. Ukuzalwa Russian "sicelo" akuzange kwenzeke ngaphambi kwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX.

Mhlawumbi loo mazwi ukuba asetyenziswa ukuthatha Russian, ukuba engobomi kangako umdla? Apha, umzekelo, i-eziqhelekileyo kunye negama aqhelekileyo "isithende". Ayifuni ukuba uchaze, ifumaneka kuzo zonke iilwimi Slavic, nalifumana kwimibhalo yamandulo. Kodwa ke imbali izazinzulu igama isifundo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yaye imbono ecacileyo malunga ngemvelaphi "Heel" lisekhona. Abanye bafumana ukusuka lweengcambu Slavic, "isaphetha", gama elo elithetha "agobe uyibhekise." Ezinye abaphengululi nimane kwinguqulelo Turkish - ngolwimi lo nangezinto Mongols "Ka'b" lithetha "isithende." Etymological iziphumo tshembeka magama kwiphepha zabo iinguqulelo ngemvelaphi i "isithende", eshiya ukhetho ukuya readers.

Cinga elinye igama aqhelekileyo - ". Ukweba" Ngoko simbiza izimameli imigulukudu. Okwangoku, i "sneak" - isiqalekiso eyaziwa, ukanti xa indoda-okuhamba malunga kunye nokuzixabisa. Kubonakala, njengoko eRashiya ebizwa nabatshutshisi boluntu - okwangoku ziyathandwa abatshutshisi ndawo. ILizwi imvelaphi kubaphangi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kwezinye iilwimi Slavic (ngaphandle Russian kunye Ukrainian), awusetyenziselwa.

iziphumo

Meaning dictionary etymological zibalulekile. Ukuba uyazi utoliko amagama athile, unako lula ukuqonda zonke bokuqonda intsingiselo yalo. dictionary Etymological iya kwenza umfundi ukufunda ngakumbi, njengoko kudla upelo oluchanekileyo in Russian ingqinwe ukukhethwa kwamagama ezizalanayo. Ukongeza, ulwimi Russian inovakalelo kakhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo mboleko. ILizwi German, IsiNgesi, French Sawufumana luhlobo modified, ukuchaneka apho ukungqinisiswa kusetyenziswa isichazi efanayo. Musa kufuneka achaze oko kuthetha isichazi-magama etymological, abafundi elinikelayo iiyunivesithi, iintatheli, abaguquleli, ootitshala iincwadi. Bonke abo umsebenzi enxulumene ilizwi. Kubo,-magama etymological - sisixhobo ebalulekileyo emsebenzini.