Yintoni Atlantic Pact?

April 4, 1949 eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe bongxowankulu bayisayinile le Atlantic Pact. Olu xwebhu Waba isiqalo ekudalweni NATO. Igama elithi "Atlantic Pact" lalisetyenziswa eSoviet Union, lo gama phakathi namahlakani wabizwa ngokusesikweni North Atlantic iSivumelwano.

Ngowe-1949, iphepha ukuba bavunywa eUnited States, France, United Kingdom, Denmark, Belgium, Italy, Iceland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal kunye Canada. Ngokuthe ngcembe kwisivumelwano ukujoyina amazwe amatsha. Okokugqibela ngo-2009, olu manyano iquka iCroatia Albania.

Umgaqo wokhuselo ezidityanelweyo

sivumelwano basic NATO ukuba sibhalwe kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. amazwe inxaxheba baba namahlakani ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko yayo. Atlantic Pact kwakuba ezahlukeneyo amalungiselelo, kodwa isitshixo intsingiselo yazo ekunokuthiwa umgaqo wokhuselo ezidityanelweyo. Kwakugcwele kwimbopheleleko lwamalungu oburhulumente enze ekhusela amahlakani zabo NATO. Isebenzisa nje tindlela bozakuzo kodwa emkhosini.

Nokusayinwa Atlantic Pact kukhokelele ukuyilwa umyalelo elitsha ihlabathi. Ke kaloku uninzi lwamazwe Western aseYurophu kwaye ally zazo eziphambili kwi-US ajamelene uphahla eqhelekileyo, nto leyo ukukhusela urhulumente uchuku yangaphandle. Ukuyila isiseko umbutho elizayo, Amanyeneyo ziye zathathelwa ingqalelo amava ekrakra yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi ngokukodwa kwiminyaka phambi kwakhe, xa uHitler amagunya ngokuphindaphindiweyo bitch yaseYurophu, akakwazi imnike ayikuthandi kakhulu.

ucwangciso ngokubanzi

Kakade ke, i-Atlantic Pact kunye siseko yayo zokhuselo ezidityanelweyo akuthethi ukuba States ababexolelwe kwisibophelelo kwabo ukuzikhusela. Kodwa kwelinye icala, Isivumelwano kungenzeka, njengoko apho eli lizwe ukunikezela inxalenye iingxaki zabo kwi ukuziphendulela kumaqabane NATO. Esebenzisa lo mthetho, amanye amazwe wala ngophuhliso inxalenye ethile imisebenzi yabo zomkhosi (ezifana zokudubula, njalo njalo. D.).

Atlantic Pact elungiselelwe inkqubo yocwangciso ngokubanzi. Oko ikhona unanamhla. Zonke States iLungu kuvunyelwane sobuchule yasemkhosini sophuhliso. Ngenxa yoko, NATO umba ukuzithethelela imele eyodwa. Uphuhliso kwisebe ngalinye emkhosini phantsi kwengxoxo phakathi kwamazwe amabini, nabo bonke bathathe isicwangciso esibanzi. Esi sicwangciso akubikho igqwethwe okanye ukusuka NATO e ekunyuseni izakhono ukuzikhusela. Ndawonye ukuchaza emkhosini kuyimfuneko kuthetha - umgangatho, ubungakanani kunye nokufumaneka.

ukuhlanganiswa empini

Cooperation NATO angamalungu lungohlulwa lube maleko eziliqela. iimpawu zayo indlela ehlangeneyo thethwano, isakhiwo waleli umyalelo wamajoni, isakhiwo ehlangeneyo emkhosini, amalungiselelo co-mali kunye nokuzimisela yelizwe ngalinye ukuthumela umkhosi ngaphandle nommandla wayo.

Ukutyikitywa kwesithethe ye-Atlantic iSivumelwano e Washington kwaphawula umjikelo omtsha ubudlelane encedisayo phakathi Old yeHlabathi Melika. Thina ke reanalyzed ingqiqo ngaphambili omzimba, leyo folokohlo 1939, lo mhla Wehrmacht wawela umda Polish. iqhinga NATO wawusekelwe phezu iimfundiso ezimbalwa eziphambili (ngowokuqala wamkele imfundiso eziQhelekileyo Arms). Emva kokufumana le manyano, ade ukuwa yiSoviet Union, la maxwebhu ziye ifihliweyo ingafihlelwa, yaye ukufikelela kubo kuphela amagosa aphakamileyo zodidi oluphezulu.

Isandulela ye Cold War

Emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, ubudlelwane namazwe baba kwimo kumahlandinyuka. Ngomhla emanxuweni umyalelo omdala wakha ngokuthe entsha. kwaya kucaca ukuba kungekudala ihlabathi liphela liya kuba ijamelene bathinjwa phakathi wamaKomanisi kunye neenkqubo nongxowankulu ngonyaka ngamnye. Enye imiboniso ephambili ekuphuhlisweni kwale nokubanga yaba ukusayinwa i-Atlantic Pact. Caricatures malinikelwe kulo sivumelwano, umatshini yiSoviet akukho mda.

Ngoxa eSoviet Union walungisa impendulo esipilini ekuyilweni NATO (baba Warsaw Pact), olu manyano uye athi ukuphucuka kwizicwangciso zakhe elizayo. Eyona njongo ephambili yomsebenzi union - bonisa yesicelo ukuba nempi akuyona kuluncedo naliphi iqela. Ihlabathi singene kwixesha elitsha, oko kutshatyalaliswa yi izixhobo zenyukliya. Kunjalo, NATO iye eyazisa imboniselo, leyo ukuba, ukuba imfazwe nangoku ayekwe, onke amaqela States kufuneka ukuba ukukhusela omnye.

Alliance kunye USSR

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i-Atlantic Pact watyikitywa ngabantu abakuqondayo ukuba NATO angabi noludumileyo wokwamanani phezu amandla utshaba (yiSoviet Union wayecinga). Eneneni, ukuze kuphunyezwe zixatyiswe, Amanyeneyo wathabatha ixesha elithile, ngoxa amandla wamaKomanisi emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, akukho namnye bakhohlwa. Ukongeza, i-yesicelo, kodwa kunokuba Stalin ngokobuqu, wakwazi ukuba ithi yayo satellite eMpuma Yurophu.

Atlantic Pact, ngamafutshane, ngaphandle zonke meko zophuhliso lobudlelwane ne-USSR. Amanyeneyo wayenethemba ukulungelelanisa imeko post-imfazwe ngokulungelelanisa izenzo zabo kunye nokusetyenziswa iindlela zale mihla yokulwa. Umsebenzi ephambili phiko ukudala noludumileyo zobugcisa phezu nomkhosi.

NATO kunye namazwe angaphandle

Oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke bemlalele njengoko utyikitye Atlantic Pact. A izwekazi caricature ipapashwe koonondaba wamaKomanisi, oluninzi eziphathekayo ukuze kupapashwa kumaphepha-ndaba, "amazwe yesithathu". Enyanisweni, NATO kumazwe amaninzi ngokusesikweni cala kubonwa bemanyene ezinokubakho block. Phakathi kwabo kwindawo yokuqala kwakukho Australia, New Zealand, eCeylon, South Africa.

Xa isimo ithemba wahlala Turkey, Greece (kamva bajoyine NATO), Iran, amazwe amaninzi Latin American, kwiiPhilippines ne-Japan. Ngelo xesha, njengoko ka-1949 kwakukho amanye amazwe abo oorhulumente wambonelela umgaqo-nkqubo evulekile nonintervention. Baba Germany, Austria, Iraq kunye South Korea. NATO wayekholelwa ukuba xa imfazwe kunye awodwa Soviet ziya kukwazi ukuba acele inkxaso ubuncinane ezithile isakhono njengamahlakani, kunye lwadibana ukuba kubekwe ngendlela ekhubekisayo enkulu abasakhasayo Western Eurasia. E East Far kwi manyano izicwangciso ukunamathela amacebo ukuzithethelela.

Isicwangciso kwimeko yemfazwe

Xa nokusayinwa Atlantic Pact, apho umhla (April 4, 1949) laliyindawo kwimbali kwenkulungwane XX, iinkokheli amagunya Western sele aye ngasekunene xa esenza iidrafti izicwangciso eSoviet Union ndlongo. Bekucingelwa ukuba incwadi yesicelo kwindawo yokuqala bafuna ukuya kuLwandle lweMeditera, i-Atlantic Ocean kunye noMbindi Mpuma. Ukongeza, isicwangciso NATO kaThixo emgceni ngokutsho kuloyiko eSoviet Union bakulungele ukuqalisa uhlaselo umoya phezu kwilizwe Old World kunye aseNtshona.

A kwemithambo izithuthi ephambili manyano yaba Atlantic. Ngoko ke, NATO lihlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukhuseleko ezi iindlela zonxibelelwano. Okokugqibela, le meko ecaleni okubi kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya zokubulala abantu abaninzi. Phantom of the iHiroshima Nagasaki akazange abaphumze abepolitiki ezininzi emkhosini. Xa sijonge le ngozi, eUnited States liqalise ikhaka yenyukliya.

factor nuclear

Xa kokusayina isivumelwano kwicebo jikelele Washington yophuhliso semkhosini yamkelwa de 1954. Iminyaka emi-5, oko izicwangciso ukudala anokuvela joint encedisayo, nekukho 90 Army iimbambaniso, 8,000 moya 2.300 neenqanawa kakuhle exhobileyo.

Noko ke, eyona njongo iphambili ekuqaleni uhlanga phakathi NATO kunye yiSoviet Union wayelapha izixhobo zenyukliya. Yaba kwayo kwakhe kubuyekezelwe lag ubuninzi, leyo kuphuhliswa kwiindawo ezishiyekileyo. Ngokutsho Atlantic Pact, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwakukho isithuba se inkumanda ephakamileyo imikhosi NATO eYurophu. kwakhe nekhono bendilungiselela inkqubo yenyukliya. Le projekthi sele unikwe eninzi ingqalelo. Ngo-1953, i-Alliance waqonda ukuba nako ukumisa kokoyiswa Europe yiSoviet Union, ukuba ayizizo zenyukliya iza kusetyenziswa.

isivumelwano ezongezelelweyo

Ngokutsho Atlantic iSivumelwano xa kuthe imfazwe eSoviet Union, NATO waba isicwangciso isenzo zommandla ngalinye, nenokuthi uvule impi. Ngoko ke, iYurophu ingqalelo ummandla omkhulu ungquzulwano. amabutho Kwihlabathi Old babeza awuthintele ngamaKomanisi logama nje ubunakho ngokwaneleyo ukuzithethelela. amaqhinga beziya kuvumela ukuba phezulu zolondolozo. Emva kokuba ekwakugquba ngayo yonke imikhosi akwazi ukuqala impendulo ekhubekisayo.

Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba moya NATO unobuqili ngokwaneleyo ukuze alungiselele uhlaselo emoyeni kwi eSoviet Union ukusuka kwilizwekazi North American. Zonke ezi nkcukacha kufihlwe ngumsitho yaphawula ukusayinwa kwesithethe ye-Atlantic Pact. Iikhathuni kwaba nzima ukugqithisa ingozi lokwenyaniso usithe kukodwa ekukhuleni longquzulwano phakathi kweenkqubo ezimbini zopolitiko ezahlukeneyo.