YaMZ-238: iimpawu zobugcisa. iinjini Diesel yezithuthi ezinzima

iinjini Diesel ehlabathini namhlanje efakwe iilori, iitrektara, izithuthi zasefama kunye iitrektara. nabalingani Domestic Iimoto ethembekileyo wasemzini YaMZ-238. Oku ifakiwe njengobuchule eyaziwa njenge MAZ, KRAZ, KAMAZ, Zil, don, K-700 kunye nezinye izithuthi. Kakade ke, lo injini ekuqaleni yenzelwe lokuyila Minsk Automobile Plant. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, mna wabonisa ukuba YaMZ-238 injini zakhe iinkcukacha phezulu, i-diesel injini ilungileyo USSR nasemva Soviet isithuba, kwaye lula ukukhuphisana brand ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezifana MAN kunye DAF.

Overview

YaMZ 238 ithatha siyishiye YAAZ-Motors 204 no 206. YAAZ yaphuhliswa 50 edume umyili eSoviet Chernyshev GD, nayo leyo umbhali YaMZ-236.

Le injini wavuka kwayo ngenxa ukuthembeka kwabo ukuhambelana kunye iimoto ezininzi iitrektara. Kube sele kuyiminyaka 65 ukususela ekusekweni kwe-injini yokuqala, kwaye ukuthandwa kwezi iinjini likhule kuphela. Easy ukusebenza, ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa wenza YaMZ 238 sisixhobo sele yezolimo kunye zokwakha iinkampani ezininzi, abasebenzisa iimoto zabo kule motor.

Kakade ke, kangangeminyaka emininzi yophuhliso kunye nokwaziswa zobuchwepheshe obutsha, le injini lifumene ezininzi uguqulelo kancinane, kodwa isakhiwo esisiseko asiguqukanga, kuphela izilungiso kwenziwa kuyilo lulonke.

iimpawu technical

Cinga YaMZ-238 iinkcukacha motor.

I-injini V uqwalaselo cylinder 8 apho zimiswe ngokwemigca-2. Mbobo 16 nokubonelela ziphene release efanelekileyo. Njengoko ne-m 236, i-stroke piston yi-140 mm, itankana sangqa 130 mm. YaMZ inkqubo injini olupholisa Ulwelo 238 inika kangangoko kwaye akukho shushu ngokugqithisileyo enjinini.

Umthamo ukusebenza zeelitha 14,866 kunye namandla ngokungqinelana ukuguqulwa inokuba 235-420 enjini. YaMZ-238, imiswe iimpawu zabo zobugcisa uvumele kwezinye iimeko ukuphuhlisa izakhono ukuya ku-500 enjini, hayi kuphela ukuncoma, kodwa iimoto kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zoyilo. Kwakhona phezu iinguqulelo ezintsha usebenzisa turbocharging, enika ukuzithemba kunye imoto ngexesha lokusebenza.

device

Pump YaMZ-238 - i impompo yamafutha, enokuthi kubizwa ngokuba isikhululo amafutha. Oku ise ekuweni unit amandla kwaye unika amafutha ukuya cylinder nganye nganye, yaye inaliti lwenziwa ngoko nangoko.

Kwi injini block intloko ibekwe ababini, abo benziwa elingqukuva yentsimbi. Camshaft sobhedu yenziwa yi ukutshayela technology. I-unit main amandla wenziwe kwesinyithi, kwaye crankshaft yenziwa lukhuni indlela workpiece vytachivaniya.

Inkqubo Inaliti yakhiwe ukuze enoxinzelelo YaMZ ukumpompa 238 awasindise kukudla injectors ukuba enze ngenaliti. Amafutha izixhobo ziphene kule injini yenye yezona egqibeleleyo ehlabathini. Chwetheza inkqubo ibhola, ukuba abe bamba centrifugal, leyo ngokwayo okulawulwayo.

Pistons Reflux kwenzeka ukusuka phezulu-amandla aluminiyam, nto leyo evumela ukuba ziye phantsi unyathela enzima. Ngamnye kubo omnye ring ize kunye ucinezelo ezintathu.

YaMZ-238 kwizikhankanyo no kuyilo uthembekile yaye ilula, unobomi inkonzo 800 lamawaka. Km, benesithukuthezi efanelekileyo aokusetyenziswa ngeekhilomitha million 1.

Ukufakelwa kwezinye iimoto

YaMZ 238 ogama iinkcukacha eziphakamileyo, ingafakwa kwezinye iimoto. Ngenxa yoko, iinguqulelo phantsi iilori, ukwakhiwa kunye nezixhobo zezolimo. Umzekelo, kunye YaMZ KAMAZ-238 wabonisa kakuhle kakhulu, oko ke kusehlisa amafutha, ngokungafaniyo Kama motor yokuqala.

Kakade ke, phezu iimoto ezininzi kwakufuneka aliphinde izinto eqwalasele yeyunithi amandla, okunye ukosuleleka, kodwa wabonakalaliswa esenyameni, wagwetyelwa khosi yesondlo kunye nokulungiswa.

zokulungisa

ukulungisa injini YaMZ 238 ibanjwa lula ngokwaneleyo ukuba anike abanezakhono kwimizobo. Eyona ngxaki inkulu khangela abaza kuzisebenzisa, kodwa abenzi ezininzi zinika ithuba lokukhetha ukusuka kuluhlu olubanzi. Xa kuqala yeentlekele kwandise nkqubo kwamaxabiso, kodwa ngaphantsi kwe-injini zemisebenzi yezandla amazwe.

Cinga, apho abaza kuzisebenzisa zitshintshiwe kakhulu xa kusenziwa ulungiso olukhulu, nto leyo ivavanywa YaMZ-238. Ukubalula kulo mzekelo, kakhulu, badlala indima ebaluleke gqitha, ekubeni kukho izizukulwana ezininzi injini, ngoko kukho ukungangqinelani kwengcaciso. Ngoko ke, thina dwelisa uluhlu abaza kuzisebenzisa:

1. Amafutha seals crankshaft kunye camshaft.
2. Ukunikela ku / shaft.
3. Gilzokomplekty (impompo umnwe ngaphakathi, isangqa).
4. kokuxhuma bushings ngentonga.
5. Mbobo exhaust kunye owongozelelweyo.
6. izihlalo vana.
7. Guide bushings.
8. Oil seals valve.
9. Ifaka zemveli intonga connecting.
10. Amacebo okucoca.
11. Oil.
12. Gasket.
13. Kunye nezinye namalungu amancinane.

Xa zokulungisa ngokuqhelekileyo cylinder ibhloko kunye crankshaft zixhomekeke phantsi ngokutsha wamzalela osezantsi ephepheni, kunye nentloko cylinder aba moya emhlabeni. Iindleko avareji ulungiso ezinkulu YaMZ-238 imalunga 80000-100000 engange, kuxhomekeka kummandla kunye abaza kuzisebenzisa ekhethiweyo. Yeyona zitshiphu ukuthenga injini entsha.

inkonzo

Khonza YaMZ-238 (ogama iinkcukacha kufuneka iziphumo eliphezulu) Kulula kakhulu. Ngoko ke, lo ukutshintshwa rhoqo oyile kunye amacebo ziza kuphuhlisa nje kuphela ubomi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, elima kuyo. Khawuve oko kufuneka itshintshwe kwi nguMot rhoqo:

• I-oyile umthamo 25 litres. Nantso indlela obegalelwe kungena injini. Phela, kunjongo idizili yokuqaba fluid ezifana M10G2K kunye M10DM.
• Oil filter. Ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo nokulungalungiswa ukuba zingaba bukhulu ezahlukeneyo ntlobo.
• izihluzi umlilo endaweni kuyimfuneko, kuba umgangatho amafutha asekhaya amahlwempu.
• izixhobo Repair erhabaxa, into entle amafutha ngokuhlanjululwa.

Kwezinye iimeko, umntu kokuleswa injectors kunye impompo amafutha koxinzelelo oluphezulu.