Yak-130: ezizodwa zobugcisa, inkcazo kunye nokuphengulula scheme

Kuyo engaphezu kwenkulungwane yembali mboni "flying iqela" imishini ezinxulumene iintlobo eziphelelwe lixesha. Ekholelwa ukuba umqhubi elizayo kufuneka bafunde izakhono zolawulo kuqala into nje phambi kokuba bangene moya-moya zanamhlanje. Eli siko woniwa OKB nabayili kubo. A. S. Yakovleva and NPK "Irkut", wadala iinkcukacha Yak-130 nto leyo eza kufutshane Ipharamitha interceptors yesine, kwaye kwezinye iindlela izizukulwana yesihlanu.

"Iintaka Party"

Kuba amashumi amane, izikolo flying zisetyenziselwa uqeqesho eriyeli Czechoslovakian L-29 kunye L-39. Ngaphambili, bendiza elizayo baqeqeshwa kwi-Yak-52, nokuba ngaphambili - i-Yak-18. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, "iphaphazela edesikeni" bakhonza yayingeyiyo U-2 (eyaziwa ngokuba Po-2). Emva kokuwa eSoviet Union kunye oomatshini inkampu yali, kwasekwa i-Technology Park izikolo lweenqwelo ephakamileyo, sasikhula, kungekuphela nje kakuhle, kodwa kakhulu elula, ingqondo emzimbeni. Misa usinika moya kuphela ngokwayo, kodwa abaza kuzisebenzisa, yaye ubomi nkonzo ngokuthe ngcembe yindinisa. Le meko yaba mandundu ukuqhwalela kwentsusa uqeqesho lobugcisa kwi imeko wokwenene Air Force, ngubani kwaqalisa ukufika kwiinkqubo ezintsha interceptor kwaye phambi MIG-29 kunye Su-27. On pilot zoqeqesho L-39 ukuba umatshini mihla iba kuyingxaki, ukuba ngeke kwenzeke. Ngaphezu koko, eRashiya kwakukho kwisikolo yoqeqesho pilot, apho bafumana igama eliphezulu ngamazwe kwaye ile imarike bekuya kuba ephosakeleyo.

Ekuqaleni-imi- 90 umyalelo we-Air Forces USSR laqalisa umsebenzi yoyilo kwicandelo nokudalwa moya yoqeqesho mihla. Ekugqibeleni, eyona kuye kwaqatshelwa njengoko Yak-130: iimpawu zobugcisa liyavumelana kakhulu kunye iminqweno emkhosini. Kwathi ke, hayi ngoko nangoko, ndihambela phambili kolu khuphiswano.

Ukukhetha kukhuphiswano

izimvo zabo sesakhiwo elizayo ka ugc (uqeqesho leqela) ingxelo ekuqaleni 1991, ezine KB:

- "Sukhoi".

- ANPK "Grant".

- OKB. A. S. Yakovleva.

- EMZ kubo. VM Myasishcheva.

TTZ lalibhalwe ngandlel engacacanga, yaye ngoko ingqiqo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. "Sukhoi" ecetywayo imodeli C-54, nto leyo luguqulelo oluphambi interceptor Su-27, apha naphaya iinjongo zokufunda. Lo mshini zifaneleke uqeqesho sele abanamava yabaqhubi kunokuba kwabasaqalayo. OKB, ukuqonda ubunzima kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe bakhethe ukunciphisa iindleko, yaye ngenxa yoko befumana kangako, kodwa musa ncam ukuhlangabezana ezilindelekileyo Air Force moya. Xa myasishchev lo mbuzo weza ngobuchule ngokunika uguqulelo nobunzima kakhulu, eziquka nje 'amaqela ezinamaphiko "kunye nezintsonkothileyo uqeqesho emhlabeni, kodwa noko kuthwalelwa kude, kwaye iprojekthi imali eninzi kakhulu, ngaphandle akukho amawele-injini, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-TOR. Bonke aba yakovlevtsy ngempumelelo, ndikwazile ukugcina phantse zonke iimfuno ngeyona ndlela inenzuzo enkulu. Sagittal kufutshane scheme lwangoku, indlela yokusebenza ukubhabha Yak-130, kunye nesicwangciso iinketho ngohlobo simulators ezisebenzayo neenkqubo ezisekelwe kwiikhompyutha kunye neeklasi computer enikiweyo iingenelo ezithile. Mikoyan and Yakovlev, abacelwa ukuba basebenzisane - ngokutsho ngesigqibo seKomiti Scientific and Technical of the Force Air, iikhontrakthi kunye Oogunyaziwe ezimbini zoyilo kugqityiwe.

namaqabane angaphandle

Iingxaki ngenkxaso karhulumente yeminyaka yokuqala khona i Russia ezimeleyo baziwa kakuhle. KB ukuxazulula iingxaki zobomi esasijongene nazo imfuneko ukufumana kubatyali-mali. Ingakumbi, le projekthi abonisa umdla inkampani French "Turbomeca" (iinjini) kunye "Thomson" (Avionics), abafumana iingxaki ngokunxulumene ngenxa yokuvalwa kwenkqubo "Alpha Jet". Waveza injongo wentsebenziswano kunye abavela (ngokuqinileyo moya umenzi "Ermakki"), nayo ndixinekile imarike yaseBritani. Kweli nqanaba, kwabonakala enye inkalo ebalulekileyo marketing kukuba lo moya "olunyulu" uqeqesho akunakwenzeka ukuba zifunwa ophezulu kwimarike, kodwa ukuba zingasetyenziswa kwakhona edabini, into eyahlukileyo. Kwenzeka ukuba kakuhle Yak-130, iimpawu ezithile kunye nobugcisa apho, kuquka uluhlu zokusebenza, ubunzima waphakamisa umthwalo, isantya ngokukhawuleza, ngokuhambelana neemfuno amazwe.

Omoya kunye noyilo jikelele

Ezinye iinguqu kwiimfuno ziboniswe imbonakalo airframe: impumlo yakhe yaba rounder (ngoku lifakwe radar okanye woqondo-indawo station). ngoku kwafuneka ukuba afundise kuphela hayi abaqhubi Russian kodwa amazwe, kwaye kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa uyilo Yak-130. iimpawu Technical koomatshini zakutshanje njengoko Russian Su-27 kunye MIG-29 kunye US F-16, ziye zihlalutywe ngocoselelo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ndiza kwakufuneka ukwandisa engile ubuninzi zokuhlasela 40 ° yaye ngaphezulu. Ngokubanzi, uphume ezifunekayo. omoya jikelele wafumana efanayo kwiskimu kwamkele interceptor yesihlanu-sizukulwana, kuquka imilo ethile iphiko kunye oomatshini yalo phezulu, bonke-ezihambayo somfanekiso kunye nkqo nomsila yasiwa phambili.

Mshini kunye yokubonisa

Le meko ibalulekileyo ukusekwa kwe-moya yoqeqesho intsha ukusetyenziswa kwimpumelelo iiteknoloji digital yakutshanje. Isiseko zonke iinkqubo ababekhwele kweso zombane yentsimbi Russian kunye nezixhobo, kuquka indlela ehlanganisiweyo digital-ucingo SU kunye nokukwazi reprogramming ukuseka uhlobo moya ukuba ilinge liza ukubaleka. Ukongeza, kwisithuba sokuqala uqeqesho moya "ukunyaniseka" ukuba lo mfundi ngodaba, yena uxolela naye, yaye ke uba ngakumbi ngqongqo kakhulu. I-Russian Air Force wayedla efanisiweyo ngomoya Su kunye MiGs, kodwa ke, lo mgaqo, akukho nto kunzima ukwenza wento engekhoyo zolawulo yaseYurophu "isanga-2000", "uRafal", "Typhoon" okanye American F-18, F- 16 no F-15 kunye F-35, wada wangena kule program kuyi lweempawu yamacebo nobugcisa. Yak-130D (oonobumba ezongezelelweyo lithetha "yokubonisa") wenza moya yayo yokuqala ngo-Apreli 1996.

ukumiswa yangaphandle

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, lo moya ukuze isetyenziswe njengeyunithi kukothuka.

Ukuya kwiitoni ezintathu imijukujelwa kunye zibhombu ntli Yak-130. iimpawu Technical, kuquka umlinganiselo kokwenyuka kunye uphume, kwinkqubo ntli ngokupheleleyo, Kakade ke, aza kubabetha kanobom, kodwa kuvunyelwa xa kuthe iimpembelelo uqhwithela ngokwemiqathango ubukhulu lomoya.

Emva ingqiqo jikelele isicelo jikelele, nabayili zixhotyiswe moya iindibano ukunqunyanyiswa ezisibhozo phantsi kwamaphiko enye iipali ventral. Izixhobo ezinokubonelelwa nendibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo:

- P SD-73 'umoya-to-moya "- 4 iiPC.

- X SD-25M "umoya komphandle" - 4 iiPC.

- Nursaya ineebloko UB-32, O-IP-25 kunye nezinye izxhobo zokulinganisa (mm 57 ukuya 266.) - ngokwenani of namacici.

- Ziyaqhubeka 250 okanye 500 kg (kubandakanywa concrete-) - ngokungqinelana izithintelo ubunzima.

- amakhasethi sazo RBK-500.

- Iinkanunu sigade ST-500.

- Imigqomo kunaso.

Ukwandisa kwirediyasi yokulwa elinye okanye abathathu bahambahamba zingasetyenziswa zokumiswa matanki amafutha olongezelelweyo.

iimpawu

Iimpawu Injongo mihle, ingakumbi xa ucinga ubukhulu omncinane kunye ubunzima Yak-130.

Umdlalo omiselweyo Yak-130:

• ubude - 11 245 mm;
• evulekile - 9720 mm;
• ukuphakama - 4760 mm;
• ubunzima isuka ubuninzi - ukuya ku-9 m;
• ukulwa umthwalo - 3 m;
• santya siphezulu - 1.050 km / h;
• nophahla practical - 12,000 m;
• omninzi ka +8 G ukuba -3G;
• angle avumelekile kokuhlaselwa - 40 amaqo.;
• uluhlu ngaphandle PTB - to 1060 km;
• Umgama wokuweza ngaphandle PTB - up to 2000 km;
• ubude isuka - 335 m;
• ukuthatha-off Isantya - 195 km / h;
• Isantya kokwehla - 180 km / h;
• Ihlala - amawaka 10 Iiyure moya okanye iminyaka yekhalenda 30 ..

umyalelo karhulumente

Ekupheleni umba kwiwaka labaqhubi zomkhosi yehliswe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ngamaxesha Soviet. Nakuba kunjalo, ukongeza ezikolweni, apho kukho amathathu kuphela, imfuneko uvavanyo imoto amaqela amatsha amaziko ngokutsha. Ngaphezu koko, ixabiso epetroli kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo iye ikhule kakhulu kwaye nokusebenza ireyithi flow yayo (ka-600 l / h) ukusuka yesiqhelo L-39 kakuhle mihla Yak-130. Inkcazelo, iimpawu yokusebenza, ithuba nokuqhuba uqeqesho koomatshini yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo - konke oku kubangwa ekuqaleni yemveliso lothotho inani le Uti entsha.

amathuba

The main abathengi - i-Air Force Russian. Lo moya senziwa Naz "Sokol" kunye ngereyithi yeemoto malunga neshumi elinesibini ngonyaka. Formation yoqeqesho olucwangcisiweyo regiments Krasnodar. Air Force Commander Jikelele Wezomkhosi Vladimir Mikhailov ezehlela Yak-130. iimpawu zobugcisa moya, uphume, uluhlu olubanzi ngezantya lula ukusebenza ziye zenza bahle. Kwiminyaka ezayo inani zimoto iiyunithi zoqeqesho kunye namaziko oqeqesho iza kwandiswa ukuya ezimakhulu mathathu, kunye nobungakanani bubonke emarikeni, kuquka abathengi amazwe, iingcali ziqikelela inani ngo-1000.