Xa ukulima oojongilanga emhlabeni evulekileyo. Indlela ukutyala imbewu kajongilanga

Kubonakala ngathi kukho complex - imbewu iphoswe emhlabeni, oojongilanga bakhula. Kodwa asingabo bonke elula kangaka. Nkqu kulinywa yalo ukungafuni izityalo ezifana zikajongilanga, uye ubuchwepheshe yayo. Kwaye kuphela ukuba unamathela, ungafumana nemiphumo emihle ekupheleni kweli xesha lonyaka.

Indlela yokutyala zikajongilanga

amcele kakhulu ukuba badle iimbewu zikajongilanga, leyo bazibonise ngezandla zabo. Kaloku, ukuba isikhululo lokumisa uya kuba kude emendweni, ngoko ke izinto eziyingozi kwi iimbewu ezigqityiweyo ziya kuba ezincinane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe phambi kokutyala oojongilanga kweli lizwe?

Okokuqala, khetha umhlaba. Kungakuhle, ukuba ukungunda, kodwa umhlaba kufanelekile kwaye uyisanti. Ngokucacile akunakwenzeka ukuba ndityale iimbewu kumhlaba udongwe - ixesha aya kuchithwa. Uze uqiniseke ukuba anyamekele kwamanzi, kungenjalo ufele nje jongilanga kumhlaba ofumileyo ngokugqithiseleyo.

Okwesibini, kufuneka wenze isigqibo sokuba oko beka ngcono ukutyala isityalo. Igama kajongilanga obuliqilima. Kakade ke, loo ndawo kufuneka akhangele kwii-reyi ubushushu, ngenxa yokuba esi sityalo uyamthanda ilanga. Ehlotyeni ashushu, kunye ukunkcenkceshelwa oluphakathi lufikelela ezintathu ubude. Apha, Kakade ke, kubalulekile ukuba zilandele ngqo xesha, xa ukutyala oojongilanga.

Okwesithathu, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa umhlaba. Well wabeka izityalo kwindawo apho ngaphambili Wakhula umbona, ingqolowa, iertyisi okanye iimbotyi. Lo mhlaba uza ahlanganiswe zonke Micro eziyimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukususa yonke ukhula ukusuka kwindawo ekhethiweyo phambi esibhodisayo.

Ukuba ndingade ndimthobele ikhalenda kwenyanga?

begadi emininzi phambi kokuba ugqibe ukuba ndityale oojongilanga ikhalenda kwenyanga sakujika. Kudala kwaziwa ukuba isityalo izityalo, ezithatyathwe phezulu kuyimfuneko, xa inyanga liyenyuka. Xa ubushushu bomoya imihla kufika kumgomo 10-12 kufuneka ujonge ikhalenda kwenyanga. Ukuba nenyanga ekhulayo, ngoku lixesha lokuba ukutyala imbewu. Ke ukuba izithole, apha kufuneka ucinge ngequbuliso kwangaphambili, malunga phakathi ku-Apreli (iintsuku ezingama-20 phambi kokuqala ukutyala emhlabeni).

indawo okulungiselelweyo kwaye umhlaba - oku isiqingatha emfazweni. Ngoku imbewu.

Ukukhetha imbewu

Imarike inika iintlobo ezimbini zembewu ekutyaleni: eqhelekileyo kwaqanjwa, oxeliweyo ngamanqaku F1. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo?

Ngokungafaniyo imbewu hybrid eqhelekileyo musa ashiye i "imbewu". Oku kuthetha ukuba imbewu abadala ayikwazi kusetyenziswa kunyaka olandelayo lokutyala kuba nako ukuba kuvunwe. Kodwa kukho iingenelo. Bakhetha abo balimi abafuna babutha isivuno kulo nyaka, Akayi kukuhlumisa yini na imbewu nokuqalisa elandelayo. Percent ukuntshula ibhastile zikajongilanga yi malunga ne-80%, ngelixa imbewu eqhelekileyo - 60% kuphela.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukongeza isivuno yokumelana ngxilimbela ezilungileyo izifo, abangoyikiyo ukufuma, akuthethi ukuwa.

Yeyiphi umlimi grade kajongilanga bakhetha ukuzigqibela ngokwakhe. Ezinye iimbewu zifaneleke ngakumbi ukuba uhlobo oluthile lomhlaba, abanye kukhula indawo zemozulu ezahlukileyo, abanye ukuhlangabezana zonke iimeko, kodwa ke abiza imali eninzi kakhulu.

Indlela ukutyala imbewu kajongilanga

Sele ekuqaleni kuka May, i komndilili weqondo lobushushu ngemihla ngokuqhelekileyo kufika kumgomo we 10. Oku kuza ixesha xa ukutyala oojongilanga emhlabeni evulekileyo.

Ubunzulu eyenziweyo emihadini nomhlaba malunga-5 cm (kwiindawo ezisemantla nangoku dibanisa 3 cm). Umgama phakathi emathambekeni nama-40 cm phakathi kwemiqolo - malunga nesiqingatha semitha. Omnye umngxuma 2 okanye 3 imbewu ityalwa khona. Ukuba komndilili weqondo lobushushu ngemihla lifikelele degrees 10-12, amahlumelo yokuqala ukuvela emva kweentsuku 8-10. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba kutyala oojongilanga ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, nge lobushushu emini ka 6-8 degrees Namagatya ziqala ukuvela kwiintsuku nje emva-20 yaye kufuneka ukutyala imbewu nzulu kwe-5 cm.

Kwaye kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho kuphinda uhlume ihlume zikajongilanga, kokukhona kubonakala ukuba sazithimbela okanye yatshatyalaliswa iintaka nezikrekrethi. Ngoko ke, ukuba imbewu esi sityalo alize nekhulu ekhulwini ekuntshuleni.

Apha ukulima ngendlela iimbewu kajongilanga kwindawo evulekileyo. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba izityalo kunye utyale nezithole.

ukulima Xa izithole kajongilanga

Kwiqondo lobushushu igumbi amahlumelo yokuqala ukuvela emva kweveki. Kodwa kude kufike ixesha xa zityalwe emhlabeni, ujongilanga ukuba ikhule. Ngoko ke, le ndlela ilungileyo ukuhlwayela imbewu zesityalo kwangaphambili seentsuku ezingama-20 phambi kokuba igqampe kule sayithi.

Indlela ukutyala imbewu kajongilanga ukuba izithole? Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ulungiselele iimbiza ezikhethekileyo umgquba, nganye ukusasaza imbewu omnye okanye emibini. Endaweni zeebhekile ungathatha iikomityi zeplastikhi elahlwayo. Kuba izityalo ezimnandi kubhetele ukusebenzisa umhlaba abamnyama ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezichumiso.

Kubalulekile ukuba yindawo apho kuya kubakho izithole, ukuba ukhanyiso olwaneleyo. Ukuba emini enokwendela kancinane, ngoko ke iintsholongwane eyandisiweyo, ziba mhlophe, fehle elibhityileyo. Ukusuka kwesithole mhlawumbi akuyi kukwazi ukuqokelela isivuno esihle zikajongilanga.

ukunakekela kwezityalo

Kamsinya nje ngamasebe yokuqala, ixesha ukuqala nokuhlakula zikajongilanga. Ekubeni imbewu yayo indiza okanye izithole emhlabeni ukuvuna kufuneka wenze izityalo ubuncinane ezintathu nyango ukhula. Apha ke nje yaye iya kuqonda ukuba kulima indlela oojongilanga. Umgama phakathi kwabo kufuneka kwanele ukuba nokuhlakula kwaye lula ukuba hayi iintyatyambo obmelchali. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuqalisa kweentyatyambo Kucetyiswa ukuba uyeke amagqabi asezantsi ukuya le chap, ukuze imbewu ukufumana ukunyakama okwaneleyo yaye lilambatha.

Emva kokuba esusa yokuqala naphambi kweentyatyambo isityalo kufuneka ivundiswe. konke kuxhomekeke xa lokulima oojongilanga. yokuvundisa lokuqala kwenziwa malunga ngenyanga emva kokutyala, okwesibini - kwixesha efanayo ixesha. Kuba lokuqala kungcono ukuthatha isichumiso epheleleyo, kwaye kwangoko ingakuvimba izityalo initrogen-phosphorous-ukutya.

UJongilanga akayithandi amanzi, ngoko phambi kokuba isigqibo ukulima ngendlela oojongilanga kweli lizwe, kufuneka anike umyalelo iindawo apho umhlaba ungoma ngokukhawuleza. Kuba isivuno imveliso kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuze ngexesha ezintathu ukunkcenkceshela: nangoko emva ukuntshula, phambi kokuba kweentyatyambo kwaye ngexesha nokuvuthwa imbewu.

Ixesha ukuvuna

Xa zikajongilanga liye lakhula, yaye oku kwenzeka iinyanga ezintathu emva kokutyala, singakwazi isivuno kuphela. Kodwa ngexesha xa ukuya imbewu emuncu lixesha elincinane kakhulu, isityalo uhlaselwa ziintaka. Kwaye ngoko ke umbuzo othi, indlela ukutyala imbewu kajongilanga ikhula isityalo ngaphantsi ekucaca ukuba yayigqogqa ziintaka?

Ngokukodwa, kunye indawo lwesiza ekutyaleni hayi banokuncedwa, kuyimfuneko ukuba zincede zikhethe kumhlaba olungileyo kunye nelanga ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa apha unako ukusindisa isityalo, esebenzisa amaqhinga wengcibi yokuluka ke lowo. Emva zikajongilanga yabuna kwaye baqalisa ukuba zivuthwe imbewu, kuyimfuneko ukuba itayi isithsaba kwisityalo. Kulo mzekelo iminatha yokuloba abafanelekileyo mesh entle kakhulu, igozi, zingcakacile cotton ilaphu. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuphepha icebiso embi phezu ukuba, ukuba azisongele yintloko polyethylene zikajongilanga. Ukuvuthwa ngokupheleleyo bafuna imbewu umoya kunye imbewu kajongilanga engxoweni evaliweyo baphanga nje.

Yintoni ephembelela ngenxa elungileyo?

Ngenxa UPawulos kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke isenjalo ukuya isivuno kulindeleke ekupheleni kwexesha.

1. UJongilanga ekhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezivulekileyo ukuya kwii kwelanga kwimihlaba chernozem okanye enesanti kunye yokuhambisa amanzi ngokwaneleyo.
2. Indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ukhetho lembewu. umgangatho wabo kuxhomekeke ukuntshula bubuye nokuzabalazela kwizifo izitshabalalisi.
3. Kufuneka wazi ukuba ndityale oojongilanga kwi imbewu emhlabeni evulekileyo nezithole.
4. Inani kajongilanga izityalo kuchaphazela umgangatho wenkathalelo kubo, oko kukuthi, esusa ngexesha, emikhumbini yamanzi, izichumisi ukutyebisa, ukukhuselwa ekuhlaseleni intaka.
5. Xa zikajongilanga uqalisa zome kwaye uqubuda intloko yakhe emhlabeni - lixesha lokuvuna umvuzo womsebenzi wabo. Oku kuthetha ukuba imbewu zivuthiwe yaye ukulungele ukuba adle kuyo kwifom ekrwada okanye emva unyango ubushushu.