Voronezh. Metro: intsomi okanye leyinene?

Ngoko akukho mfihlelo sikaloliwe nguye libiza kancinane kwaye enye iindlela ezininzi elula zezithuthi zikawonke ezidolophini. Kuye kudala amarhe ukuba uhlobo olufanayo lomyalezo unako ukufumana Voronezh. Metro wayeza kuba umzi omkhulu wokuqhuba ombane kwisithuthi. Kodwa kunethuba komhlaba wokwakha Voronezh, yaye yintoni na isigaba na le nto?

Background yeprojekthi

Makhe sibone ukuba zisuka ukuba ezabangela ukuba ingcamango yokwakha metro in Voronezh.

Kuba okokuqala isicwangciso ukudala yothutho komhlaba kwisixeko kwaxutyushwa ngemihla USSR. Kwi-imi- 80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, abemi abaninzi beso sixeko yafikelela phantse 900 lamawaka. Abahlali, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu kuthungelwano lwezothutho ezikhoyo, kunye apho nako ukumelana ngokupheleleyo. Nantsi ke imbangi wentetho malunga nokwakhiwa komhlaba Voronezh. Ngaphezu koko, le ncoko lakhula laba into ngakumbi. Waze wadalwa "Subway" isicwangciso yokwakha.

Kodwa eSoviet Union yaphela zibe ziiriphabliki-15, uqoqosho ilizwe ujongene neengxaki, yaye imali ezifunekayo kwiimeko zeemfuno ezingxamisekileyo. Ngoko ukuba le projekthi, kwaye ulilibale nto konke konke. Ukususela ngo-1998, i drop kancinane abemi abaninzi beso sixeko. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba sele ifikelele kumgangatho we-850 lamawaka. Man, kangangokuba ulwakhiwo sikaloliwe akazange kubaluleke kangaka.

Izizathu ukuvuselelwa ingcamango

Noko ke, imeko lizwe kule 1990 - kowama-2000 kwakhokelela le meko ukuba izithuthi ebhasini kwi Voronezh waqalisa ukwehla ngokukhawuleza. Nomvuzo ezihlawulwa abasebenzi yokothula kunye kolibaziseko elide, ukunciphisa abasebenzi, wonqanyulwa, iimoto ezilahliweyo. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni iindlela esiporweni evela Voronezh wanyamalala ngokupheleleyo ngo-2009. Ukususwa komzila wenethiwekhi minh iyaqhubeka kwixesha langoku, nangona uninzi lwabo sele kudala isusiwe. Kakhulu sinciphile kwaye ipaki ebhasini. Ngenxa yoko, Voronezh ezikhuphile kakhulu impumelelo sad - uye waba sixeko sikhulu eYurophu, apho kungekho zento kaloliwe ezidolophini.

Ekubeni Kwisiqingatha sesibini elishumi yokuqala yale nkulungwane, loo meko yatshintsha. abemi abaninzi beso sixeko waqalisa ukukhula kwaye ngowama-2013 ngaphaya 1 yezigidi. Ukuba nkqu ngaphambili, kwi 80s, inkqubo yezothutho wayengekafiki ukumelana inkonzo umkhweli ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kodwa ngoku, kunye yokuduka imetro kunye nokunciphisa yale paka netroli, yaye ngakumbi njalo. Kodwa eli xesha kuqoqosho Russian baqalisa ukubonisa ukukhula kakhulu, nto leyo ebonisa ulwabiwo-mali kwiiprojekthi elizayo.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokwanda kwenani labahlali babuyela ingxaki yezithuthi, kodwa - kwaye oku kubalulekile - kukho amathuba zemali ukuyisombulula ngayo. Abahlali kwizixeko kunye namagunya asekuhlaleni kwakhona baye baqalisa ukuthetha malunga nokwakhiwa metro kunokwenzeka.

Itramu onqamleza?

Noko ke, ngo Voronezh saqalisa ukuphuhlisa izimvo eziliqela ezizezinye, ezibe negalelo isisombululo ingxaki yezithuthi phakathi komzi.

Iinketho ezininzi ezithandwa thembisa iingcali ezahlukahlukeneyo, abameli amagunya kunye nabahlali isixeko nje aba nokwakhiwa komhlaba Voronezh namaculo ekubekeni ngenxa kaloliwe ukukhanya, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba metro ukukhanya. Nganye kwezi meko zimbini ngentla iye ubuhle nobubi bayo.

lula emgodini

Ingcamango metro ukukhanya okanye kaloliwe ukukhanya, ingakumbi esebenzayo baqalisa ukubeka phambili ngo-2013 ngu eMoscow inkampani "MOSTGEOCENTER", nto leyo ebonisa ukuba abasemagunyeni Voronezh iprojekthi yakho.

kubume bayo siyifumana kungekabekwa 89 km umkhondo ye-high speed tram. Apho 74 km kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe indawo phezu komhlaba kunye, ngokubanzi, ukuba phinda umendo mizila esiporweni ubudala, yaye-15 km kuthiwa walala phantsi komhlaba. Ngoko ke, elinye igama le projekthi - nqila ukukhanya, okanye Metrotram. Ngokutsho projekthi "MOSTGEOCENTER" ngaphezulu komhlaba kufuneka zibekwe izitishi-57, yaye inxalenye ngokufihlakeleyo - 6. Ukongeza, yonke umgca ukukhanya kaloliwe iza kwahlulwa ibe yokugcina 4.

Hi ndlela leyi, amakhonkco zothutho loluntu olu hlobo sele ikhona nakwezinye izixeko Russian - Volgograd. Apho Metrotram yakhiwa ngamaxesha yiSoviet, ngo-1984. Ukongeza, eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union projekthi onjalo izithuthi isebenza Krivoy Rog (Ukraine).

Ntoni wena kule projekthi Voronezh? uhlobo ukukhanya Metro uza kuphelisa kakhulu neyentengiso umkhweli kwezinye iindlela zothutho, ingakumbi itaxi. Ukongeza, tram phantsi komhlaba, ngokungafaniyo eqhelekileyo, nako ukuhamba ngesantya eliphezulu - avareji ye 24-30 km / h, kwaye kwezinye iindawo - up to 75 km / h, ngelixa ngesantya nogxa walo ingacota kunendlela ifikelela 15 kuphela -24 km / h.

underground classical

Noko ke, abaninzi musa ukuyamkela ingcamango Voronezh Metrotram, njengoko kwimeko ukuphunyezwa kwayo le projekthi, kamasipala yinxalenye ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukulibala. Nokuba Classic "Subway" kuba megacities na ezidumileyo kakhulu. Khawube nomfanekiso avuke imibono kubahlali baloo mzi, apho iindwendwe buza kubo: "Indlela ukuya kwisikhululo metro" Voronezh awufuni ukuba ibe mbi ngaphezu kwezinye izixeko Russian ezifana Nizhny Novgorod, Samara kunye eOmsk, nto leyo idala elide komhlaba.

Ingcamango sokulahla Metrotram wakhetha ekwakheni metro yinxalenye exhaswa kumaqela anjenge "Giprokommundortrans" yaye "Kinosarg". izimvo zawo zisekelwe yokuba naLindiili bathiwa ecaleni kwendlela endala akwenzeki. Uninzi iindawo apho kwakude kudala Wabaleka kwimizila esiporweni, ngoku iyilungisile, ukususela ukwandiswa izithuthi kwendlela senziwa iimoto. Yaye kwezinye iindawo sele kwakhiwa izakhiwo.

Ukongeza, ukwanda isantya 6-9 km / h, ngokuchaseneyo esiporweni eqhelekileyo, nelinika iprojekthi Metrotram ayanelanga ukuba indawo efana Voronezh. Metro akuvumela ukuba uye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Abachasi ingcamango yokwakha i "sikaloliwe" yinxalenye wagxeka iprojekthi "Kinosarg", esithi ukuba populist. Emva kokwakhiwa sikaloliwe iza kufuna imali ngaphezu kwi Metrotram. Kwaye sonke siyazi ukuba emizini ngenxa yokunqongophala mali eRashiya abaninzi iiprojekthi zibambene ngokubekwa komhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, ngokukhetha le ndlela, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo ziphulukane zothutho ngololiwe zasezidolophini Voronezh. Metro kule meko iza kuba unrealizable phahla.

iindleko

Noko ke, kuqikelelwa inkampani "Kinosarg", ekwakheni metro yinxalenye buxabise isixeko engange 79,3 billion. Ngoko ayimangalisi, kodwa esi sixa sikhulu ngaphantsi iindleko eyayiza kufuneka ukuze esingasingisi mali ukuba "MOSTGEOCENTER 'iya kwamkelwa mbutho. Metrotram uthelekelelwa engange 89,0 billion. Kodwa iingcali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba umgangatho iindleko zeprojekthi "Kinosarg" eziphantsi kakhulu, kunye nokwakhiwa sikaloliwe liya kuxabisa imali eninzi enkulu imali.

Yintoni ukhetho ukhetha Voronezh? Metro emgodini okanye ngaphantsi komhlaba? Iziqinisekiso ze nawuphi na omnye wemibutho bakholelwa ngaphezu zobunkokeli sixeko?

metro map

Kubonakele ekuqaleni kuka-2013 i imaphu yokuqala komhlaba ka Voronezh. Emva koko omnye iziza lwenziwa ukuqokelela iisiginitsha obuxhasa izimvo komhlaba kwaye nangenxa ndilahliwe yokwakha Metrotram. Noko ke, kamva nombhali scheme wavuma ukuba akanalo ulwazi olwaneleyo ukwenza isicwangciso olusekelwe kubungqina obubambekayo. Ngoko ke umsebenzi wakhe, kunoko, kwathiwa yenzelwe ukutsala ingqalelo abahlala kuzo le ngxaki, kwaye hayi impahla isindululo ukuguqulela eli cebo sikaloliwe ethile ngokwenyani.

Kamva, ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2014, inkampani "Kinosarg" yaye "MOSTGEOCENTER" wenza usodolophu Voronezh Aleksandru Gusevu izicwangciso komhlaba kunye Metrotram.

Yintoni eza kwakhelwa Voronezh?

Kwaye ukuba kunjalo, iya kwakhelwa Voronezh - komhlaba okanye Metrotram?

Kuyabonakala ukuba, ubunkokeli sixeko uthambekele ecetyiswa "MOSTGEOCENTER", oko kukuthi zinoboya kaloliwe umgca ukukhanya, metro okanye ukukhanya. Oku ingqinelwa yinyaniso yokuba ukwakhiwa kolu hlobo womnatha zothutho ebekwe phantsi kwisicwangciso jikelele kuphuhliso Voronezh kwakhona ngo-2008.

Isibakala sokuba nolwakhiwo esiporweni komhlaba ezicetyiweyo, usodolophu wathi ngoFebruwari 2014 kwixesha elizayo. Kakade ke, emva koko ke abaxhasi ngamanye projekthi, weva eninzi amagama uncomplimentary xa idilesi yakhe. Metro Voronezh, mhlawumbi uya kuhlala iprojekthi ngentsomi.

amathuba

Ngelo xesha, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba imali efunekayo ngenxa yokuba baqonda ukuba naziphi na iiprojekthi ezimbini ebomini lwabiwo-mali wendawo nto, ngoko ulawulo isixeko ukuba ufuna bangasese. Indlela ngokukhawuleza uyifumane kubo, kwaye nokuba oko kuya kuxhomekeka ithemba ezithile kunye nexesha zokwakha.

Kwaye nangona ngalo mzuzu ezi nkcukacha malunga yimbonakalo zothutho kaloliwe esixekweni ehlanganiswa enkungwini, sinako ukuba kwixesha elizayo umbuzo enoba kukho isikhululo metro kwi Voronezh, impendulo obuzayo kusenokwenzeka ibinzana: "Metro akafuni. Kukho Metrotram ".