Kubekwa leukocytes kuvavanyo lwegazi. yombhalo

Ayikho indoda ubuncinane kanye ebomini bakhe ungalinikeli uvavanyo lwegazi. Wonke umntu uqhelene ebuhlungu le nkqubo, kodwa ukutolika iziphumo zohlalutyo, kuyaziwa kuphela kwisangqa elimxinwa zabantu. Kokuhlaziya of leukocytes kuvavanyo igazi, iiseli ezibomvu, xa haemoglobin kunye hematocrit inokubonakala ngathi umsebenzi olula, kodwa oku akukho dili enkulu.

Enye izikhombisi ibalulekileyo uhlahlelo igazi - inani iiseli ezimhlophe - iiproteni akhusela umzimba womntu. Ezi iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kuchaphazela kwamajoni omzimba kwaye ulawule inani labo inxulumene ngqo eneengcinga banyamezele usulelo ethile. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka ixabiso leukocytes kuvavanyo lwegazi ukwazi ngamnye. Qwalasela le salathisi zolwimi ngokunzulu.

ulwazi jikelele leukocytes

Leukocytes (ezimhlophe iiseli zegazi, okanye iiseli ezimhlophe (WBC)) - iqela leseli emzimbeni womntu, leyo ziveliswa kwiindawo nkovu kunye umongo wethambo. Owona msebenzi wabo - ekulweni umonakalo inyama nosuleleko. Ngokomzekelo, esebenzisa uhlobo oluthile enqanda leukocytes olulodwa ubophe kwaye bandisa Cya yayintsholongwane eyosulela kunye nemveliso yazo pathways, abanye - ukuvelisa omzimba ukutshabalalisa iiseli angaphandle. Ukubiza eziqhelekileyo leukocytes kuvavanyo lwegazi - WBC.

Aberration

Ixabiso zegazi ezimhlophe cell count - umlinganiselo yamajoni omzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu esempilweni inani WBC kuvavanyo igazi, nokuba ubudala, kufuneka ibe phakathi 4-9x10 ^9.

Ukwandisa inani elipheleleyo leukocytes ekuthiwa leukocytosis. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ahluke leukocytosis nokomzimba kunye zophendlo lwezifo. Ke ukuba ityala yokuqala inokuba ntshikilelo eqhelekileyo, ukutshaya, ukusebenza komzimba, ukuselwa ukutya okungekho mpilweni, kwakunye ukukhulelwa nokuzala, owesibini kwenzeka ukuhamba yangasemva kwezifo ezosulelayo (umzekelo, nokudumba, inyumoniya, i-meningitis, pyelonephritis).

Ukuba inani WBC, ngokuchasene lancipha (leukopenia), oko kubonisa imeko abaziintsizana yamajoni omzimba. Leukopenia ukuze babonwe ngexesha ukuhamba emzimbeni abantu zizifo ezithile egazini (irhashalala, rubella, umkhuhlane ezinye iintlobo) kwakunye nangexesha ulwamkelo iziyobisi (umz, antivirals, analgesics).

iintlobo leukocytosis

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo leukocytosis kuyimfuneko ukuba ngokwahlukileyo ukutolika iziphumo zokucazulula ixabiso leukocytes kuvavanyo lwegazi. Ukuba ukwanda ezimhlophe legazi count ezingahambi iimpawu komzimba lwesifo (leukocytosis komzimba), ngoko ungakhathazeki malunga neziphumo zohlalutyo. Kulo mzekelo, wbc zibuyele esiqhelweni emva kokuba umzimba liyayeka ukwenza into, Nokumphikisa ukwanda ezimhlophe cell wegazi. Ukuba, leukocytosis na lwezidumbu, oko kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba uviwo ngokucokisekileyo, njengoko oku kungaba kwakubonisa ukuba izifo kunokuba yingozi. Umzekelo, kwisiqalo bezifo abalandela leukocytosis inokuba wegazi (ukwanda kwamalweyile ngendlela iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi), apho iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ayeke ukwenza imisebenzi yayo.

WBC. yombhalo

Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Kubekwa leukocytes kuvavanyo igazi ngokwemigaqo shapes zabo ekuthiwa ifomula leukocyte. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ezizezi umlinganiselo umlinganiselo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, uyakwazi kucacisa uhlobo inkqubo yokukrala ukuba yenzeka emzimbeni wakhe.

isiqulatho leukocyte Absolute (ngokwemiqathango iintlobo ezithile) nganye kwiyunithi volume idla kumiselwa ifomula: A (%) * WBC (109 / L) / 100, apho A (%) kuthetha ukwabelana leukocyte ethile imilo phakathi inani elipheleleyo corpuscles mhlophe ipesenti fomu, kunye WBC (109 / l) - lilonke inani leukocytes egazini.

Ifomu iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. neutrophils

UNorma neutrophils (adult) - 48-78%. Eli qela lokuqala kunye elikhulu igazi Iifomu iiseli ezimhlophe. Isixa-mali yezi kwinyama obululu WBC e kulingwa igazi isusela ukusuka 50-70% yabo bebonke. Baya ngokuyintloko eyele kucebisa ukudumba kwaye bazama ukutshabalalisa iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Kwakhona neutrophils ezi abavikeli eziphambili ubuthi eziphilayo. Xa kukho usulelo inani iifom leukocytes nivuke amaxesha-10. Kulo mzekelo, wbc uya kuba shift ngasekhohlo.

eosinophils

Eosinophils - i leukocytes ngumngundo yesibini gqolo yenziwa ngumongo lithambo lomntu, imali yabo kwi-1 ukuya kwisi-5 ekhulwini lilonke WBC. Emva nokwanda olupheleleyo leukocytes ukuba uhlobo ushiya umongo kunye izanyazanyiswa inkqubo yokujikeleza ibe zomzimba, ekukhethwa ukuba imiphunga, iphecana zesisu nolusu, baqale ukutshabalalisa iqela lesithathu apho iiproteni eziphilayo.

Ukwanda kule fomu uvavanyo lwegazi WBC (eosinophilia) kungenxa ekomelezeni imfundo yabo kwaye icebisa ukuba umzimba waqalisa ukukhusela ngokubonakalayo ngokwabo nxamnye kwiiproteni zangaphandle ezingena igazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eosinophilia ukuphuhlisa izifo komzimba okanye nokudla helminth kombungu.

A ukwehla kwe eosinophils egazini (hypoeosinophilia) okanye Ukunyamalala kwabo ngokupheleleyo inokubonakalisa ebudeni kwezifo phantse yonke oyingozi esosulelayo. Ukuvela olu hlobo kwiiseli zegazi ezimhlophe emva ukungabikho yabo uhlalutyo lubonisa iimpawu zokuqala achache.

Kwiingxowa-eosinophils (abadala) - 0.5-5%.

basophils

Least uhlobo wokwamanani iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi - is basophils. Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiimeko apho umzimba uyithathaphi allergen. Ukuba basophil beyazi oko, uqala ukuba ndiludilize, ukhupha egazini kwezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo ezibangela iimpawu lwezonyango (uxabane).

Basophilia - inkqubo yokwandisa ezi leukocytes. Lo ngumbala wendlela umzimba usesimweni komzimba okanye iliphawu isifo ezifana irhashalala. imigangatho ephakamileyo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi luphawu uphawu ekuqaleni komjikelo sexesheni kunye ovulation kwabasetyhini.

Ukungabikho basophils ukusuka kwindawo yezonyango lwembono, akukho ixabiso diagnostic, kwaye bazopeniya azithathelwa ngqalelo xa uxilongo lwezonyango kunye nokutolikwa leukocyte.

UNorma basophils for abadala - 0-1%.

monocytes

Monocytes - ifomu likhulu iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Owona msebenzi wabo - kunye neutrophils ukuba ulwe izifo kunye eziphilayo amazwe. Kodwa njengokuba ubungakanani monocyte kakhulu ngakumbi, bahlala, atshabalalise umzimba eziyingozi elide kakhulu neutrophils.

Ukuchongwa kunye nolwabiwo leukocytes kuvavanyo egazini lalo hlobo - kwakuhlaziya inkqubo ebalulekileyo, ngenxa yokuba amanqanaba ephakamileyo monocytes ebonisa ngqo izifo ezifana mononucleosis ezosulelayo, kunye nokungabikho zabo - phezu ukugeleza umzimba kwizifo kakhulu ukudumba kwaye ezasulelayo, kuquka lomongo wethambo.

Kwiingxowa-monocytes (abadala) - 3-11%.

lymphocyte

units eziphambili ekwakheni amajoni omzimba abo lymphocyte - olunye uhlobo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Bona eqalisiweyo udakada, lomongo wethambo, ize ke idluliselwe ngqo kwi igazi nkovu iinkqubo, nto leyo yenza ukuqaphela umsebenzi iantigens umzimba langaphandle, ngazo baye badibana ngaphambili. Le impahla eyodwa lymphocyte ukudala thina esikwaziyo njengoko omzimba ukususela izifo ngaphambili-umna.

Lymphocyte kweentlobo ezintathu: lymphocyte T, lymphocyte B kunye lymphocyte NK. Eyokuqala unoxanduva cell-mediated sifo, imveliso igciwane okanye ukunika ebizwa ngokuba yi-yesibini nezifo humoral. NK-iiseli abatshabalalisa iiseli sawo Kwimeko yabamakishi usulelo zabonwa phezu komhlaba.

Yandisa inani leeseli zegazi ezimhlophe ukuba benza kuthiwa lymphocytosis nokuncipha - lymphopenia. Xa ziqonde leukocyte libalulekile kungekho kwemeko zokutenxa sifo kwisiqhelo lymphocyte ayikho yingozi. Kubekwa leukocytes ekuhlalutyeni igazi kwemilo yecandelo iintlobo ngokwaneleyo inyathelo elibalulekileyo zokucazulula leukocyte.

UNorma lymphocyte (adult) - 25-40%.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba imithetho zonke iintlobo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi banikwa ukuba abadala. Ngokuba abantwana, ngokuxhomekeka kubudala, la manani kufuneka intsingiselo eyahlukileyo.

Ngokucacileyo, ukuze baqonde indlela ezimhlophe iiseli zegazi ziboniswe kuhlalutyo jikelele igazi, yaye yintoni na amanani phambi kwesi salathisi ayikho nzima kakhulu. Xabisa ezi zakhono kwaye uzisebenzise ukuphucula impilo yabo. Kodwa akufuneki benze self-isifo kwaye self-unyango, njengoko kuphela liyincutshe nakho kuqesha nje unyango abanobuchule ukukhusela isigulana evela iingxaki ezingakumbi.