Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i-computer. Ikhompyutha kuba "Dummies"

Namhlanje, izixhobo computing ngokuqinileyo kangaka kusekwa ebomini bethu, ukuba ngqondweni ubomi bethu ngaphandle kwabo kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi phantse ungaze ucinge ukuba, njani zonke ezi nkqubo. Okulandelayo iya kuqwalaselwa, njani ikhompyutha (kuba "teapots", ngoko ukuthetha). Kakade ke, ukuba ukuchaza yonke into ngokweenkcukacha kwaye abandakanya zonke kwiinkalo zobugcisa aziyi kusebenza (ewe kakhulu, yaye akukho mfuneko oko). Ngoko ke mabangapheleli ngokwethu imiba esisiseko, ngolwimi "yabantu" elula.

Computer for "Dummies": izakhi eziphambili

Ethetha isakhiwo nasiphi na isixhobo ikhompyutha, kufuneka iqondwe ngokucacileyo ukuba ngokusisiseko liquka hardware ne-software.

Phantsi hardware ukuqonda zonke izixhobo eziphathelene, leyo, ukuba ndithe ndithi ke, unako touch (iziqhubekisi, memory umcu, drives nzima, liso, ividiyo, eziviwayo kunye namakhadi isandi, keyboard, mouse, izixhobo neuropathy ezifana abashicileli, yabavavanyi, njl . d.). Abantu, onke la macandelo wambi obizwa ngokuba "zekhompyutha".

Inxalenye software yenziwe components abaninzi, ekuthe phakathi kwawo indima ephambili edlalwa yi yokusebenza, ngokusekelwe apho intsebenziswano phakathi hardware kunye nezinye iinkqubo efakwe abaqhubi isixhobo ngayo - iinkqubo ezizodwa apho OS angasebenzisana 'nentsimbi' ngokwalo bayisebenzise xa esenza imisebenzi ethile.

Ngenxa yoko kulula ukucinga ukuba mgaqo uphambili umsebenzi naluphi na uhlobo computer impefumlelwano 'yentsimbi' kunye namacandelo software. Kodwa ke kuphela umbono phezulu. Ezi nkqubo ziza kuchazwa kamva.

Ikhompyutha "nensimbi"

I-hardware, njengoko abaninzi bakholelwa, indawo yokuqala kukho iprosesa RAM. Inxalenye, oku kuyinyaniso. Bathi waqinisekisa ukuba yonke imiyalelo program baze banike ukukwazi ukuqhuba iinkqubo ezithile.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba uphanda, akukho namnye 'yentsimbi' icandelo ngokwayo yanto, kuba oko kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ukudibanisa ethile. Kwaye kukho eziphambili, ebizwa ngokuba yi-, lo motherboard (kubantu - "motherboard") - isixhobo eyodwa apho ziyaxhonywa onke amanye amacandelo, iziphaluka ezihlangeneyo, njl Ngale ndlela, umgaqo esisiseko khomputha yakho (ukusebenza oluchanekileyo ngaphandle lokungaphumeleli) na .. ukudibanisa kakuhle onke amacandelo iintsimbi wacanda nabaqondisi ngokulandelelana ukuya kwiindawo zokubeka ezizodwa okanye neziseko kwi motherboard. Kukho imithetho, ezifana nokusetyenziswa oluchanekileyo PCI ibhasi, loqhakamshelwano drives hard kunye abaqhubi abasusekayo usebenzisa iNkosi / siseko Khoboka njalo njalo. D.

Simele ukuba zithi memory esisigxina (ROM) apho ulwazi oluthile lurekhodwa ngokungathi ngonaphakade, yaye imemori yofikelelo oluzenzekelayo (RAM) bakhonza ukuze aphumeze amacandelo software.

Types of software

Software yokusebenza ikhompyutha siseko iquka ukusetyenziswa kwe-software efanelekileyo ukwenza imisebenzi eyabelwe.

Xa ukuqonda jikelele isoftware yahlulwe ngokweendidi eziliqela, bungabonakala phakathi kuzo ngokwahlukeneyo kunye nenkqubo software isicelo. Ngu inkqubo software iquka iinkqubo zakho yokusebenza, abaqhubi isixhobo, maxa wambi eziluncedo inkonzo, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza oluchanekileyo kwinkqubo yonke. Oko kukuthi, imvulophu iyonke, awayakhayo izicelo kunye izicelo. Software yale hlobo ejongisele engqongqo, oko kukuthi, swi kwintsebenzo umsebenzi othile.

Ke thina sithetha ntoni na imigaqo esisiseko yokusebenza ikhompyutha ngengqiqo jikelele,, indawo yokuqala kukho yinkqubo software. Okulandelayo, cinga ukuba usebenzise indlela inkqubo yekhompyutha yonke.

Isifundo se yokwazisa. PC: Ukutshintshela Devices Testing ngomhla kunye

Mhlawumbi, abasebenzisi abaninzi bekhompyutha baye baqaphela ukuba xa ikhompyutha yakho iqala kuvakala isandi ezikhethekileyo kwinkqubo okuhambisa. Bambalwa abantu ke imali kuye ingqalelo,, ukusuka ubunyani livela kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba bonke "intsimbi" izixhobo zisebenza ngendlela efanelekileyo.

kwenzeka ntoni? Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i-computer kukuba xa umbane lisetyenziswa chip, ebizwa isixhobo ephambili I / O, yavelisa uvavanyo zonke izixhobo. Eyokuqala kukuchonga iingxaki kule vidiyo, kuba ukuba kuphosakele, le nkqubo iya kuba nako ukubonisa ulwazi ezibonwayo nje. Kuphela koko umiselwa uhlobo iprosesa kunye neempawu zayo, iinketho RAM, drives hard kunye nezinye izixhobo. Enyanisweni, le nkcazelo ekuqaleni zigcinwe kwi BIOS phezu "zekhompyutha".

download iinketho

Ukongeza, le ukulayisha kwakhona ukuchazwa umgaqo lomsebenzi computer, ekubeni yokungqinisisa kanye-software, kunokuba nangokwenyama.

Ngoko nangoko inkqubo yeendwendwe kwaye khetha icebo lendlela yokuqalelisa ikhompyutha (hard, amajelo enombala, womnatha USB-isixhobo, njalo njalo. D.). Xa kunjalo, umgaqo ngakumbi a PC ngokwemiqathango mthwalo ukunikela kwisixhobo, ekuthiwa-ushicilelo lwesiqalo esisiso kufuneka ukuba uqale inkqubo.

Qala inkqubo yokusebenza

Ukukhupha i OS kufuna ukuba umlayishi eyodwa initializes ngumbindi wale nkqubo, irekhodwa kwi-hard disk kunye neendawo kwimemori, emva koko ulawulo nkqubo egqithiselwe OS kakade.

Ukongeza, i-master ushicilelo lwesiqalo esisiso inokuba iinketho dyondzisaka, enika ilungelo lokukhetha ngumsebenzisi inkqubo inokuqalwa ekuqaleni. Ukuba ekuqaleni yenziwa losasazo elisusekayo, okuphunyeziweyo ikhowudi wesiqalo sifundwe kulo, kodwa umxokozelo naluphi na uhlobo senziwa kuphela kwimeko ukuba BIOS iya kuqinisekisa ikhowudi ephunyeziweyo nje esebenzayo. Kungenjalo on-screen isaziso malunga ukusungulwa akuphumelelanga livela, efana naleyo i-hlulo lendlela yokuqalelisa ifunyenwe esandleni sakhe. Oku ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa yi kwetafile hlulo, equlethe ulwazi malunga zonke disks ubhalo, nabanako ukwahlulelana kwi hard drive. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukufikelela kulwazi ixhomekeke isakhiwo lombutho kwifayile leyo ethwele igama kwenkqubo lwefayile (FAT, NTFS, kunye nabanye.).

Qaphela ukuba oku ukutyhilwa kakhulu abangekaphuhli kwinkqubo yokuqala, kuba nguwe kanye inzima kakhulu ngakumbi.

Computer Memory: iinkqubo zokuqalisa

Ngenxa yoko, indlela yokusebenza iye booted. Ngoku kugxininisa kucwangciso kunye nesicelo yokusebenza. Kuba ukuphunyezwa zabo ngokuyintloko CPU uxanduva kwaye inkumbulo, singasathethi ke abaqhubi inxaxheba kwezinye izixhobo.

Umgaqo kwinkumbulo yekhomputha lusebenza kukuba xa ubaleka iifayile inkqubo ephunyeziweyo okanye ezinye izinto ezivela ROM okanye imidiya elisusekayo xa isicelo owenza ngathi indima oluncedisanayo kwi imemori yofikelelo oluzenzekelayo (RAM) ngokusebenzisa ingundoqo nkqubo zibekwe amanye amacandelo ezinxulumene, uninzi lwazo olutshintshayo ilayibrari (nangona iinkqubo elula ubukho yabo kubonelelwa), kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuba abaqhubi isixhobo.

Zinika unxulumano phakathi kwenkqubo yokusebenza, inkqubo ngokwayo kunye umsebenzisi. Kucacile ukuba ezinkulu Ubungakanani benkumbulo kuye, amacandelo ngakumbi kuyo can be downloaded kwaye ngokukhawuleza baya kuqwalaselwa. Xa umthetho intsebenziswano uzayo CPU, leyo owenza yonke imisebenzi computing kule nkqubo. Emva kokugqiba isicelo okanye xa ikhompyutha ocima phantsi onke amacandelo e-"RAM" sisothula. Kodwa oku akusoloko kunjalo.

Utshintsho kwindlela parameters

Ezinye iinkqubo inokuba kwinkumbulo ngokusisigxina. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uyeke ngesandla. Kwiinkqubo-based Windows, iinkonzo ezininzi ziya kuqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa umsebenzisi ukuba akabalulekanga ngokupheleleyo. Kulo mzekelo, lisetyenziswa lokulungiselela uqwalaselo. In lwalo elula isicelo optimizers iinkqubo nyulu iinkqubo ezingeyomfuneko, susa ingqushu ikhompyutha ngokuzenzekelayo. Kodwa oku incoko eyahlukileyo.