Uxanduva namatyala iindlalifa oswelekileyo: inqaku le-Code Civil kunye iikhomentari

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba kufuneka ibe yindlalifa - delo.Mozhno inzuzo ukufumana indawo yokuhlala, imoto okanye nayiphi na enye impahla. Kodwa xa silibale ukuba ukongeza inzuzo athe wafika iindlalifa noxanduva lokujongana namatyala kwalowo unqophisileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba isalamane osisityebi akanako nje ushiye villa, kwezikhephe kunye nemoto ezemidlalo, kodwa ke multi-million amatyala dollar kwimali-mboleko, imali yezinkonzo.

Impendulo entendelezweni: "Andazi nantoni" na umntu akunakwenzeka uya kuba nomdla koko. Sizama ukulungiselela imeko apho isalamane ushiye ngasemva na ukwamkela izigidi zeerandi kunye namatyala ezinkulu, kuba uxanduva amatyala weendlalifa-mpahla lowo zicaciswa gca kuwiso-mthetho. Ngaphezulu kule kamva.

Uxanduva namatyala iindlalifa womfi: komthetho wamaRoma

Iingcambu yembali isithethe ethatha kuphela kwipropati asethi, kodwa izibophelelo ezahlukeneyo asusela komthetho wamaRoma. Kukho ukulawula ukutshintshwa ngamalungelo kunye neemfanelo ezimele umthetho uphawu emva kokuba umfi nezinye izalamane. Ngokumalunga umthetho wemvelo, ngoko kuzakuthathwa ukunika abazali kuphela kunye nabantwana babo. Oko kukuthi, ngokutsho kwakhe, akukho matyala kunye nezibophelelo ayisayi zesini, kodwa impahla ethile kuphela.

Kodwa eRoma yamandulo, le meko ayakhekanga ngoko nangoko. impahla ungasekhoyo kukade icangcisiwe kwi "intsapho", "igama", kukuwutolika yanamhlanje oku kuthetha ukuba, phakathi kwazo zonke izalamane, kunye nemisebenzi yakhe waqhubeka.

Umthetho Justinian zatshintsha kulungile, kwaye okokuqala wabonakala ziindlalifa noxanduva lokujongana namatyala-mpahla, kwakunye nezibophelelo zawo. Kakade ke, imisebenzi uhlobo lobuqu umyeni wakhe, uyise owayenam zange anyanzelwe ukuba enze. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yalo umlinganiswa zoluntu, umzekelo, ukugada udlula iindlalifa. Ukuba abazi ngalo ityala ezahlukeneyo kunye namatyala isalamane oswelekileyo, oko akakhuselwanga ukusuka imo yomthetho kufika. Uninzi imithetho komthetho wamaRoma apho kwaye ngoku kumthetho wethu.

Civil Code. Inqaku 1175: iindlalifa noxanduva amatyala kwalowo unqophisileyo

Modern Civil Code umisela ukudluliselwa kumnini omtsha propati nje kuphela, kodwa iindidi zezixhobo ityala kubandakanya ipropati haraktera.Eto Art. 1175 "Lo uxanduva lokujongana namatyala kwiindlalifa oswelekileyo." Kodwa lo mmiselo esemthethweni yenye inkalo - nto ayinayo inkcazelo ecacileyo letyala. Kuba ukuqonda ngcono ukuba uqhelane namanye amanqaku kweKhowudi Civil, kodwa bokuqonda esisiseko, siya kuzama ukwenza phandle.

Xa "ulonwabo" ukuhlawula ityala kwamanye amazwe?

"Uyolo" ukuhlawulela kwiimbophelelo zemali omnye umntu kufika kanye ngexesha lokungena ilifa. Kakade ke, lo ummi wazi nto malunga namatyala ongasekhoyo, kodwa kwimeko ukwamkelwa ngokusesikweni ubume omtsha "ngokungazi yomthetho akukho sizathu" Oku kuthetha ukuba wavuma ukuya kwindlu - ukuba nobubele, ahlawule ngemimiselo umnini wangaphambili. Yaye kusenokubakho ezininzi:

• Yemalimboleko kwinkampani kunye namaziko zemali.
• Isibopho imali yokuqasha.
• Amatyala for eziluncedo kunye nezindlu.

Imisebenzi zohlobo lobuqu

Kakade ke, imo yakho iya kupheliswa ukususela ngomhla wokufa ngummi. Oko kukuthi, indlalifa akanyanzelekanga ukuba kuqhubeka ukuba ahlawule inkxaso umntwana kubantwana abancinane lalowo ungasekhoyo, njengoko kwakunjalo eRoma yamandulo.

Noko ke, ukuba amatyala ezingasetyenziswanga isondlo kwiminyaka edlulileyo, kuya kufuneka uhlawule ababekelwe.

Ukongezelela kubo, ukuze kuxhamle yohlobo lobuqu enokufakwa phantsi kodidi ezahlukeneyo ezingezo-oxoxwayo okanye izinto umonakalo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye ummi babulala umzimba kukwenzakala kwenye. Inkundla yamgweba ukuba ahlawule umonakalo yokuziphatha kwixhoba, kodwa wafa. Kulo mzekelo, uxanduva akayi kuza ziindlalifa amatyala kwalowo unqophisileyo. Of the Code Civil ityala ekubhekiswe kuyo imisebenzi yalo uhlobo lobuqu.

Indlela ukwahlula ityala?

Imida liability ziindlalifa amatyala kwalowo unqophisileyo zinikwe ngokuxhomekeke isabelo ukuba zifunyenwe odluliselayo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye ummi ngasekhohlo kvartiru.Rodstvennikov, ezo zibe alinganayo, kwaba emine. Ngenxa yoko, onke amatyala anxulumene-impahla oswelekileyo kufuneka yahlulwe 4 inani abamlandelayo.

Kuthekani ukuba i "hung" ematyaleni omnye?

Amatyala amaninzi kwenzeka xa "wabelane leorenji" iintsapho, kwaye inkundla igwebe mboleko ebhankini ukuze ahlawule omnye. Abantu abaninzi ubuza umbuzo: Ingaba zomthetho? Eneneni, kunjalo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba zonke siziindlalifa amatyala noxanduva kwalowo unqophisileyo, iibhanki kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo maxa wambi ukumangalela ezihlangwini enye.

Ingxaki kukuba kwiimeko ezininzi izilingo ezinjalo musa ukrokrela nto, "lucky." Funda kuphela xa igosa lezomthetho useza imveliso elawulayo, owasusa ngokusemthethweni kwi-akhawunti yebhanki mali yanikezelwa.

Ukuze ukumangalela ibhanki ukubuyisela imali ngamampunge, ekubeni, ngokwemigaqo yomthetho, zonke iinkqubo ziye ilandelwe. Iimpikiswano ukuba "wayengazi ngalo enkundleni," "Mna zange wathi," Musani ukubuyisela imali. Kakade ke, unga zama ukucima nesigqibo senkundla, kodwa ukubuyisela imali kuya kuba nzima kakhulu.

Kulo mzekelo, kuza babizwa ngokuba ilungelo abanaluncedo - yindlalifa lowo kuhlawulwa unilaterally ukuya lonke ityala lalowo ungasekhoyo, okanye imali mkhulu isabelo salo ilungelo lokufuna ukuba ngalo enkundleni kunye nabanye ezihlangwini imali engaphezulu ihlawulwe.

Ukuba indlalifa uye wafa ngaphambi kokuba bangene ilifa

Kufuneka wenze ntoni kwiimeko apho odluliselayo bafa phambi ukwamkelwa ngokusesikweni umiphi? Ukholose ngabani kulo mzekelo uya kuthwala umthwalo ukuba ahlawule amatyala? Kubonakala ukuba oku kwenzeka ntoni kuvuka ukuba nobutyala ngenxa namatyala iindlalifa-mpahla, ngokunjalo kwipropati.

Nanku umzekelo: Ummi ethile ongena ilifa esishiyekileyo ummi B, kodwa yafa phambi ukwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni le meko kwezomthetho. Kulo mzekelo, abantwana kunye nezalamane, kodwa akuyi kuba ezibalaseleyo izibophelelo zemali B, njengoko Kodwa ngokusemthethweni akazange abe nexesha ukwamkela ilifa. Kodwa nezalamane yempahla B Kwaye kananjalo musani kuwuthabatha.

Zokuhamba iimfuno zokungena

Iibhanki abasweleyo off de ngomzuzu wokugqibela enkundleni phezu abamlandelayo ezintsha. Isizathu icacile: ixesha elide ukulibaziseka, kokukhona uya vysudit ziindlalifa nesingarhaneli nto. Kodwa ke kufuneka ungalibali ngeemfuno ngexesha, oko kukuthi, intsingiselo ezingummiselo ukulinganiselwa.

Okwangoku, onke amaziko lwamatyala iinkampani kufuneka enze ibango phakathi kweminyaka emi-3, ngokutsho Code Civil. Noko ke, ngosuku eqala thuba awuqali ekupheleni wokuphelelwa ematyaleni, kokubini kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo yoluntu, kodwa ke ukusukela ukuba kucace ukufa kwalowo unqophisileyo. Ukuba kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu, ibhanki khange ifuna ityala, ngoko ke uya kude kwi ilahleko yayo. Zifuna emva kweli xesha akukho mntu unelungelo.

Ukuba ityala ingaphezulu ilifa

Abanye abanomdla umbuzo, yintoni na yindlalifa uxanduva lokujongana namatyala-mpahla, ukuba imali amatyala phezu zihlawulelwa. Kulo mzekelo, yoMsayini akanyanzelekanga ukuhlawula kubo, ekubeni ngokomthetho ayikwazi igqithe ixabiso ilifa.

Indima ye izivumelwano

Izivumelwano unoxanduva zokulondolozwa lwepropati ilifa. Emva kokufa babatyalayo banelungelo kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6 (kuba eli xesha umba yelifa), amnike ingxelo yeemfuno ityala.

A izivumelwano unelungelo banelise iimfuno zabo kwaye ukulahla impahla onetyala umfi emagemeni abo. igunya layo kuquka kuphela ingxelo yokubhalisa kunye abatyalwayo Isaziso abamlandelayo ezinokwenzeka.

Kodwa umthetho, iibhanki abaninzi abanalo eli lungelo, kwaye ukumangalela iindlalifa emva ukwamkelwa onke amalungelo, "kungekhona uzokoyikisa 'ikamva abanamatyala, apho kuya kuba lula ukuba ibango le mali enkundleni. Kungenjalo, la matyala ziya kuya ilahleko amaziko ngetyala.

Into ekufuneka uyazi indlalifa elizayo

Ukuza kwi ekunene ilifa, khumbula:

• Nalwazi malunga ityala kunye nezibophelelo ezahlukeneyo zemali azikhutshwa kubutyala intlawulo. Umthetho umisela ukuba ulandela ngokusemthethweni elizayo leyo, uyakuthi kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-6 ukuya ufunde ngawo wena.
• Kunye namafa adluliselwe amatyala womfi.
• Ukwala ilifa ukhululekile ngokupheleleyo onke amatyala kwalowo unqophisileyo.
• Ikota neemfuno Amatyala zemali eye yenza ukuba iminyaka emithathu. Iqala ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kucace ukufa kwalowo unqophisileyo. Emva kweli xesha, akukho mntu unelungelo lokufuna ukuba ukuzibophelela kwabo baye ilahleko zoshishino.
• zonke siziindlalifa bebonke ukuya isabelo amatyala ze umfi ngokomlinganiselo isabelo selifa.
• Ukuba impahla ngaphantsi izibophelelo zemali, umthetho ubonelela ukwala ukuhlawula kubo. Ngamanye amazwi, ungafumana amatyala kuphela.

Siyathemba ukuba nqaku liza kuba luncedo, ngenxa yokuba akukho mntu owaziyo ukuba singalindela ngomso. Njengoko bathi, onibonisileyo - into forearmed.