Uvavanyo toxoplasmosis: imigangatho yokusebenza. toxoplasmosis ingozi kwabakhulelweyo

Toxoplasmosis sisifo utshaba efihliweyo ke onako ukwenza ingozi umfazi omithiyo kunye yemveku. Xa abantu, toxoplasmosis esibonakaliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uphethwe sisifo eyenziwe iindlela elebhu. Ngenxa yokuba gciwane exhathisayo kakhulu ukuba iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, mhlawumbi ngokubanzi kungcoliseko. Kweli nqaku, siza kuqwalasela izifo ezifana toxoplasmosis, izalathisi nemigangatho, iimpawu kunye neendlela ukuluphatha.

ulwazi

Phantsi ingozi yokosulelwa esi sifo kwindawo yokuqala yile kwakunye bonke oonyana zolimo abasebenzi, abazingeli, abantu belali, uthandwa horticulturists, abo nekati ekhaya.

izizathu

Toxoplasmosis, izalathi si zokunikwa imithetho leyo kuxoxwa ngezantsi, ukuba lenyama ichele (Toxoplasma), ezilalisa iiseli yabantu. Kulo mzekelo, i-pathogen ezinokosulela naliphi na iqumrhu kwaye kusichukumisa nayiphi iseli, ngaphandle kokuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Eyona unobangela woku izifo - usulelo lwe lenyama.

Toxoplasmosis: ukuchaza indlela?

Xa abantu, kwiimeko ezininzi, toxoplasmosis na indlela wobulali yaye phantse ezingabonakaliyo. Noko ke, kusenokubakho iimpawu ezifana ubuthathaka jikelele, ukudinwa, icesina ephantsi-grade, ukunyuka okungephi kwiindawo nkovu womlomo wesibeleko kunye Occipital, intloko ebuhlungu.

Imeko ngentla iqatshelwe kwimeko nengqele yamandulo eqhelekileyo. Lidla bantu babe nofifi izifo into ugula ezifana toxoplasmosis. Udidi esi sifo ivumela unyango kwangoko.

Xa isifo kakhulu ogulayo ngokudibeneyo kwaye izihlunu iintlungu, amaqhakuvana namabala kunye nomkhuhlane. iyingozi kakhulu ngokoyiswa-luvo (uphuhliso meningoencephalitis). Ikati okusolwayo toxoplasmosis kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko apho uye iimpumlo ezivuzayo, amehlo ebomvu, urhudo kunye iindawo nkovu adumbileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi ziikati, kunye nabantu kwinkqubo sifo akukho iimpawu ezicacileyo.

ukukhulelwa

Kuyo bathi toxoplasmosis kuyingozi xa ukhulelwe. Ngoko ke iingcebiso ngendlela ukuphosa indlela isilwanyana othandwayo, kwakunye iimvakalelo ngayo nayiphi na ekuqaleni cat. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba le mveku umngcipheko othile a usuleleko ephambili unina elizayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba sele ngaphambili ebegula kunye toxoplasmosis, lo umbungu ukuba abe negalelo elibi.

Usulelo mbungu izifo ezifana toxoplasmosis (indicators norm ezidweliswe ngezantsi) kwaye kukho usuleleko zamabanga aphantsi kunye ekuvuseleleni pathogen emzimbeni yabafazi seropositive.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ebudeni usuleleko ephambili ngexesha lokukhulelwa umngcipheko kwimveku yi-100%. Ngexesha ezintathu yokuqala, oku ku ezahlukene 15-20%, lo wesibini - 30%, eyesithathu - 60%. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umngcipheko kwanda ngethuba lokukhulelwa, kunciphisa ubungqongqo ukwenza izinto zonyango. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba umfazi sele osulelekile ngexesha toxoplasmosis ezintathu yokuqala, ngoko ke usana kwiimeko ezininzi ukuphuhlisa malformations akuvumelani ebomini. Ukuba usulelo kuye kwenzeka ekupheleni ukukhulelwa, oko iimpawu iqapheleka kungangabikho.

Emva ukuqhagamshelana kunye pathogen emzimbeni kamama ukuya kwiiveki 24, oogqirha bacetyiswa ukuba ukuphelisa ukukhulelwa. Phezu yomzila isisu baya kubingelela unyango. Ukongeza, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo ukuba avelise amandla okukwazi esinamandla ukugula, ngoko ke akuyi kubakho xa usenza ubungakanani-kwakhona kuhlangana ezimfimfitha yingozi.

transmission indlela

Xa izifo ezifana umlinganiselo toxoplasmosis kumiselwa iindlela elebhu. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo yokosulela:

1. Iinkcukacha - ezinxulumene iikati abagulayo, leyo kwazona xa ilindle of Toxoplasma.
2. Ukutya - ezinxulumene zokusela inyama kakubi okwenziwe iqulethe cysts ze sisidleleli.
3. Parenteral - kule meko akukhethi ukugqithiselwa usulelo zomzimba esinye, amalungu kunye kwegazi.
4. Transplacental - ukungena zokugula olungekazalwa kunye nophuhliso okwalandela toxoplasmosis usana.

Ibhinqa elikhulelweyo athe izinga eliphezulu toxoplasmosis okanye abasebenzi zonyango, okanye abanye asinto ingozi kwezifo. Oku kuvumela isigulane ukuba ziphathwe kwisibhedlele somatic kwaye qho kwesibhedlele.

Pathogenesis

Kwamagciwane bekhululwa cysts kunye oocysts, ukungena iiseli epithelial ye emathunjini amancinci, apho phindo, ngaloo ndlela bakha primary zichaphazela. Emva koko, loo maphalo ukungena kwiindawo nkovu lommandla kwaye nokuqukuqela nkovu - egazini.

ukwanda

Imfuduko of arhente kunokubangela izicwili ezahlukeneyo kunye namasebe. Ngokwemiqathango sifo lehla, kwakunye ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngaphandle usulelo lokuqala, loo nto ithathwa yingozi kwaye ekuvuseleleni sisidleleli, nto leyo ebonisa ikhosi kunye nesiphumo abakhulelweyo ezilandelayo.

Emva uphume cysts kwenzeka gciwane kwasasazeka. Emzimbeni, eyavela linxulunyaniswa ukukwazi ukungena transplatsentarno engabangela nakweliphi na ibakala ukukhulelwa uphuhliso leengxaki intrauterine.

Toxoplasmosis: diagnosis

Le pathogen nga kumiselwa emzimbeni kuphela bubukho antibodies egazini. Isifo yahlukile nangayiphi na indlela ayikwazi inokuchazwa Toxoplasma Mfuleni ngaphakathi ezinye iiseli. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, okuthatha of toxoplasmosis lwenzeka phantse nazimpawu. Lenyama, umz, sivakala imisipha, ingqondo, udakada, isibindi kunye zamanzi.

Ngoko ke, ukuze sithathe izinto uhlalutyo kunokwenzeka kuphela intsumpa. Xa ukwenza i empontshwa kunye meningoencephalitis, ulwelo fluid wayisithelisa compulsorily for Toxoplasma.

unyango

Ngenxa yokuba le okuthatha of toxoplasmosis kwenzeka uninzi amatyala nazimpawu kwi nisaqala kube nzima ukubona. Ngoko ke, unyango enesibetho elide - izifundo 2 ngokulungiswa omzimba (inyanzelekile). Ikhondo lokuqala leentsuku ezili-10, emva kokwenza lo kwekhefu efanayo, kwaye uthomalaliso iyaphindwa (iintsuku ezingama-21 - kwiimeko kakhulu).

Kakhulu inzuzo nzima toxoplasmosis ocular. Uxilongo kule meko kufuneka sibe oluchanileyo njengoko sifo kubhidaniswe sephepha. Unyango lwenziwa phantsi kweliso elibukhali i-TB. Xa izilonda ingqondo kunye namaziko toxoplasmosis iphathwa zokubhala kuphela. Esibhedlele kuya kufuneka ukuba ubuncinane inyanga. Emva unyango kufuna ngokuphindaphindiweyo nemvavanyo zaselaborathri.

yinto yamihla le

Ubukho antibodies egazini yohlobo IgM kwimo eqhelekileyo iyapheliswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba uhlalutyo zaye zachongwa, sithetha usulelo usuleleko ezifana toxoplasmosis. antibodies lgG efumaneka igazi zibonisa ukuba umzimba elalifudula wawabetha usulelo, ixesha isakhelo kufuneka kolulwa ukuya kwiminyaka-10.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo, ukuba akusayi kubakho egazini nanye yezi ntlobo omzimba. Nguwe kuphela kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo kweli tyala umzimba zange kusulelo, kwaye ngexesha elithile, yena nabo emsebenzini. Noko ke, oku kuthetha ukuba umntu wasetyhini akukho omzimba ukuya sifo, nto leyo iza kunceda ukuthintela usulelo. Siza kufuneka sisebenze nzima ukuba ungenwe isifo esinjalo. Ukuba toxoplasmosis lgG wafunyanwa, kwaye IgM engekho, ngoko umfazi wajongana kanye nge kusulelo, kodwa okwangoku ayenzi umnwe wakhe. Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, amajoni omzimba sele besebenza ngaphandle, ngoko ke amathuba kwakhona losuleleko-yinto ezincinci.

Ngokutsho manani, le meko ezivame kakhulu. Ngoko, xa nesifo ekuthiwa izinga toxoplasmosis - kuba phambi kunye nokungabikho IgG IgM.

Ukuba igazi IgM izilwa zabonwa kwaye IgG uhlobo ongekhoyo ngokupheleleyo, ngoko sithetha malunga usuleleko yakutshanje kungekho sifo. Yinto exhalabisayo umntwana nonina.

Ukuba bobabini sibanjwa izilwa-buhlungu, kuba ibonisa ukuba kukho i-HIV emzimbeni ixesha elide. Ekupheleni kweeveki 2-3 ukuphinda-cela ingcali ukunika igazi ngenxa toxoplasmosis.

hlaziya

Kuphuhliso esi sifo zange wathi, kwakunye ukuthintela ingozi ukuba lo mntwana engekazalwa, kuyimfuneko ukwenza yokuhluza esikhethekileyo usulelo. Uyacetyiswa ukuba ukujonga izinga toxoplasmosis okanye ukukhulelwa isicwangciso, okanye zisaqala. Musa ukumoyika unyango kule emoyeni - ukuba babuyele iingcali ngendlela ngexesha, nto iza ingozi encinci ukuya emntwaneni.

Xa isifo ezifana toxoplasmosis, ukubalwa igazi zizinto eziphambili, ekubeni iintsholongwane zifumaneka izibilini. Cazulula isixa omzimba leyo yenziweyo umzimba. Ukongeza, ukuba uzimisele elide kangakanani na usuleleko sele wangena emzimbeni, kwakunye yingozi kumntu ngokwakhe toxoplasmosis. parameters Laboratory akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba ukumisela umfanekiso oluchanileyo sifo, ngoko kwiiveki 2-3 yabelwa yesibini uvavanyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha toxoplasmosis kokuba axilonge polymerase igazi chain reaction (PCR). Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le ndlela kuthathwa ukuba asichanekanga, ekubeni uyasilela ukuchonga ixesha xa kwenzeke usulelo.

Ukuba umfazi omithiyo sele ingqiniwe usulelo kufuneka bangenele uhlalutyo efanayo umntwana. Kwiimeko ezininzi, amniocentesis (amniotic fluid kulingwa) ukulungiselela ezi njongo. Ukuchonga, hayi udakada ezandisiweyo okanye isibindi, nokuba imeko intracranial calcification nobuchopho ventricles oluqhelekileyo, ingaqhuba ultrasound.

Ubungozi Ukukhulelwa

abafazi abaninzi nakubona ukuba akwazi ukudlulisela isifo. Ekubeni isifo lwenzeka ngendlela Lo mgaqo-nkqubo iqinisekisa ukubunjwa sifo emzimbeni. Ukuba ubaphatha aba bafazi, ngoko kwithamsanqa - ukuba bosulelekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa, usana olungekazalwa akayi kuba nawo nawuphi na umngcipheko.

Ukuba wosulelwe okokuqala, umntwana banokuchaphazeleka kakhulu, ingakumbi ngexesha leenyanga ezintathu lesithathu. Kunjalo, kungcono ukuba ukutshintsha indlela yabo, ndiwulahle isilwanyana, ancame ukusetyenziswa inyama. Zama ukuba baphile ubomi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa angachithi ixesha elininzi kunye nezilwanyana, kwakunye bukela iqondo lokulungela inyama. Ukuba imeko yempilo kuya kuyenza mandundu, dibana oyingcali, kodwa yena uya kuba nako ukuchonga izalathi si zokunikwa toxoplasmosis ezigulo ezondeleyo.

Kukho iindlela ezithile zokuthintela esi sifo. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

ukuvimbela

Kunokwenzeka non-ezithile zokuthintela usuleleko. Zama ukunciphisa iimveliso, sigcine imithetho yococeko, uhlambe izandla zakho rhoqo, uthenge inyama kunye yenkomo ezivenkileni kubonakele, imifuno iphathwa ngenyameko kunye neziqhamo. Ukuba kukho ikati, kufuneka usebenzise fillers ezizodwa kwaye uhlambe itreyi rhoqo.

Abasetyhini uceba ukukhulelwa, kanye ngaphambi kokuba akheke kufuneka zihlolelwe toxoplasmosis. Ukuba bahlole ukuba usulelo sele kutshiwo ngasentla. Ukuba isiphumo lelikhabayo, ngexa lokukhulelwa, umama okhulelweyo kubaluleke kakhulu qho emva kweenyanga ezi-3 iimvavanyo.

Ukuba ikhaya izilwanyana, kufuneka kwakhona ibe uvavanyo. Kuyanconywa ukuba baphumeze kweentsholongwane rhoqo cat inkunkuma. Ukuba isilwanyana uyagula, kunjalo lusizi unakho, kuya kufuneka ukuba ayibulale. Ukugcina cat intanda yakhe, yena musa ukuvumela yedwa esitratweni, musa ukuvumela inyama ekrwada, musa ukuvumela ukuzingelwa iintaka kunye neempuku. Kwakhona Kucetyiswa ukuba abasetyhini abakhulelweyo ayikho ukunxibelelana izilwanyana nabanye abantu, abasemzini nangesandla cats singawi.

Onke la manyathelo aya kunceda othile ukuthintela isifo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, impilo yethu ixhomekeke kuthi.