Laws of ukushukumisa. Iindidi neempawu ukushukumisa

Indoda xa ithe amangalisayo ukubona kuphela ihlabathi, kodwa unayo. Ukuqonda iinkqubo kwindawo sensor, yena efundelwa kwaye afunde ngayo ngelo xesha, njengoko izazinzulu zifunda iimvakalelo zabantu, nanto kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo. Noko ke, abalungiseleli inzululwazi bafumene iminqweno ingcaciso, yonke ekhutshelwe ngecala ezishelifini, kwiipropati ezichongiweyo kwaye izimvo, kwaye wafumana abathile iipateni.

Yintoni na umqondo

Okokuqala, cinga ukuba kuthetha ntoni ukuba abavakalelwa. Oku ikakhulu inkqubo psychophysical bokubonisa ngenyathelo ngqo izinto ezinzulu behlabathi eziphathekayo kwi izivamvo. Ngoncedo lwabo umntu Uyabubona emhlabeni. Apha kunokwenzeka ukuba ukunika ingqikelelo iimvakalelo, iiphatheni leyo ibonisa ukuba ukuba usebenzise indlela umntu analyzers efunda yaye enxibelelana bume.

Analyzer - le yunithi yokwakheka kunye nokomzimba ofumana ifuthe naziphi ezenzeka ehlabathini ngaphandle sikuphendule zibe ukushukumisa. Nguye sinezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

• Division yoluvo - receptor.
• iindlela luvo onovakalelo.
• Imimandla ngundoqo luvo.

Okulandelayo, cinga iintlobo neempawu ukushukumisa.

iintlobo ukushukumisa

Kuxhomekeka nalapho kufumaneka receptors, kukho ezi ndidi zilandelayo intlungu:

• Interoceptive. Ibekwe ngaphakathi kwinyama emzimbeni kunye namaziko, kwaye uphendule tshintsho luza kwenzeka kuzo.
• Exteroceptive. Ezenza ebekwe phezu komhlaba umzimba basabela njani ezenzeka ngaphandle.
• Proprioceptive. Ezenza lufumaneka izihlunu kunye nemisipha.

Ngenxa izinto zehlabathi ngaphandle bayangqinelana ukushukumisa organic. Bona umthombo amaza, kudala umnqweno kwaye zohlulwa ngokwendidi:

• Ukuqgiba. Ezenza uchwayitile izinto imore sukube.
• Amabala. receptors Visual abandakanyekileyo.
• Abafaka. azosala na iikhemikhali zokupheka yimincili.
• Hearing. Ezenza ukuba analyzer inxaxheba ive.
• Lafaka. receptors lafaka uchwayitile yi zovuselelo oyivileyo.

izakhiwo ukushukumisa

Mihlaba ukuba ezendeleyo ukushukumisa:

• Umgangatho. Oku kugqiba umgangatho into leyo ebangela ukushukumisa. Le yenye lweempawu umbono.
• Ngamandla. Kuxhomekeke ngamandla isivuseleli kunye receptor uvakalelo. Umgangatho nobushushu mizwa ni vuxaka lebyikulu.
• Ubude. Kuxhomekeke amandla kunye igalelo, ubume receptor kunye nexesha.
• Eyendawo. Naziphi mizwa amasuntswana ivuselela indawo lomhlaba.

Iintlobo kunye neempawu bashile, ugqithele iipateni. Yintoni na analyzer ubudlelwane egqiba uphuhliso neenkqubo kwingqiqo yolwazi kunye kwimbono yehlabathi?

Laws of ukushukumisa

kuvela iimvakalelo kuphela ngexesha iinguqu ezithi zenzeke receptors phantsi kwempembelelo semibutho ihlabathi nokuba izivamvo.

iipateni ezininzi iminqweno kungathiwa:

• sabo uvakalelo.
• Device.
• Interaction.
• Zegazi.
• Ukugqama.
• Synesthesia.

Kwaye ngoku khangela ngamnye kubo.

kuvelana

Uvakalelo Ungeno - ulwalamano phakathi ngobunzulu ukushukumisa amandla ukubacaphukisa zinto. Ayizizo zonke umfutho kunokubangela yakhawuleza, ngoko ke zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela.

Imibundu leyo yeminyango, kuyabuya:

• Ezisezantsi epheleleyo. It ephawula indlela ethe le analyzer. Oku njengokungathi ngokungangqalanga ukuba zibangelwa yi ngamandla esezantsi isivuseleli.
• Upper epheleleyo. Okuya kusiba kunongeno, novakalelo ngakumbi. Upper umbundu ingundoqo - le amandla isivuseleli apho kuyabuya kuhlala.
• Ungeno uvakalelo agqamileyo. Oku kwanda kancinci ngamandla isivuseleli ekuya kuba nzima umahluko obonakalayo kubonwa. Umzekelo, ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa isandi.

Kuxhomekeka ekubeni msebenzi uphambi umntu, ukuba usebenzisa le okanye ezinye izinto nezinyuko. stimulus Physical inokuba ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi umbundu kuyabuya.

lithathelwe

Ukuziqhelanisa utshintsho uvakalelo ngexesha sesichengeni kwizivuseleli. Kulo mzekelo, imigubasi yomnyango ubuzaza iya kutshintsha. Laws of njengokungathi awukwazi ukubakhona ngaphandle kule propati.

Ngokomzekelo, sihlengahlengisa, engena ngcembe emanzini abandayo. Okanye ukundiza iinyawo, siqhelane ukwandisa ubushushu yamanzi.

Izinga eliphezulu lohlengahlengiso kwizigqeba receptor ukuqgiba kunye ephathekayo. Lower evela receptors analyzer ive.

Kukhubazeko ukuya intlobo ezahlukeneyo ezayo nganye kunye ngezantya ezahlukeneyo. Kusenokuba yingozi eziphilayo lithathelwe kuyabuya intlungu, kodwa ubukhulu minor oko luphawu lomzimba.

Ukuze lithathelwe ukukhanya nobumnyama ukukhawulelana receptors le analyzer olubonakalayo. lithathelwe Ukukhanya ayifuni uvakalelo oluphezulu, akunakuthethwa malunga isixhobo.

Ukuze kungeniswe ratio obalulekileyo excitation kunye inhibition kwi neuron, apho zifumaneka kumaziko eziphambili zonke analyzers. Kukho into enje njenge yoqheliso kuhambelana efanayo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba icebo kwenzeka reflex kwemiqathango.

Umahluko of ukushukumisa synaesthesia

Ukuba imvakalelo ubunzulu kunye ezisemgangathweni ukutshintsha phantsi kwempembelelo stimulus phambi okanye ezihamba, ngoko oko kubizwa ngokuba umahluko of ukushukumisa.

Emva kokuba isiselo esibandayo shushu kuthi zibonakala shushu. Emva elimnandi ngokulambisa muncu mnandi kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, isibane imvelaphi black zibonakala mhlophe ngokuba mnyama ngaphezu emhlophe.

Oku kungenxa yokuba nomhla ngokukhawuleza isiphumo factor ukubacaphukisa akuthethi ukuba i Ukumiswa okwexeshana iinkqubo zovuselelo kwi receptor. Xa sikhumbula umthetho yoqheliso, inkqubo-elekhtrons kwi luvo nemincili lwenzeka ngaphaya kwexesha, ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuze ukubuyisela uvakalelo threshold sokuqala, umele kudlula izigaba ezininzi excitation kunye inhibition inguqu induction.

Synesthesia - kukuthi, ngenxa kwesiphumo isivuseleli omnye, lo uphawu imvakalelo omnye. Ngoko ke, eliva okunene lona izwi, esilishumayelayo umfanekiso othile. Iimvumi ukudala Imizobo, iguqulela umculo ngokwemibala. Kodwa asingabo bonke abantu ubuchule abanjalo. Synesthesia ibonisa ukuba zonke inkqubo analizatorskie omzimba womntu zinxulumana.

подчеркивают зависимость и значимость анализаторских систем от их функционирования под действием раздражителей. Iimpawu kunye nomfanekiso iminqweno xi sixhomekeke kunye neenkqubo nokubaluleka analizatorskih evela ukusebenza kwawo phantsi isenzo nokushukunyiswa.

Impefumlelwano ukushukumisa zegazi

Ubuntununtunu kuyaphela iyahluka. Ngoko ke, kukho utshintsho uvakalelo of receptor phantsi kweempembelelo kwabanye kuthiwa impefumlelwano ukushukumisa.

nokushukunyiswa sound amandla ukwandisa uvakalelo le zephotoreceptor. Kwaye xa isetyenziswe receptors olomeleleyo ekuva analyzer iliso uvakalelo kunciphisa. nokushukunyiswa incasa amandla ukwandisa uvakalelo olubonakalayo. Le yokugqibela kwandiswa phantsi kwempembelelo kwezinye ntlobo, ukuba ukunuka nokushukunyiswa. Kwakhona kwaziwa ukuba uvakalelo ukwanda intlungu ezikhalayo ziyakhuthazeka, nezihlwabisayo, ukuqgiba nezamkeli ezibonwayo.

Inkqubo zegazi - kukwandisa uvakalelo esebenzisa imithambo rhoqo, kwakunye impefumlelwano analyzers.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kukho ukuqhubela uvakalelo kwezinye iintlobo zembuyekezo uvakalelo yelahleko ukuva okanye umbono.

Zegazi kunokwenzeka imisebenzi ethile. Uyakwazi ukuqeqesha ubuntununtunu yakho.

Ngoko ke, kukho iindlela ezimbini zegazi:

• Imbuyekezo Ukuphazamiseka oluvo.
• Iimfuno ngenxa umsebenzi ethile.

Kwakhona apha ekunokuthiwa umsebenzi ezimeleyo ekuphuculeni ukushukumisa.

ipateni njengokungathi kudala iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze imbono ngokupheleleyo zehlabathi.