USobinov Leonid Vitalievich: i-biography, umfanekiso, ubomi bomntu, ibali lobomi, inyaniso

Abagxeki beMculo kunye nabathandi bezobugcisa abazinikeleyo bafumana ingqalelo enkulu kuLeonid Sobinov. Ndiyabulela kuye, i-Opera yaseRussia yayifakwe ngeetoni ezintsha. Umlandeli wakhe uLemeshev wagxininisa ukubaluleka okuphezulu komsebenzi uLeonid Vitalievich Sobinov unamathele kumculo. Ndiyabulela kuye kwisinyathelo esitsha, ubugcisa bezobugcisa buvela. Ngezandla zakhe ukukhupha kwi-opera.

Iimpawu zomsebenzi kunye nokusebenza

Ngaloo xesha wazama ukulondoloza ubuqili kwinqanaba kwaye waya kumntu ngamnye kwiindima zakhe uLeonid Sobinov. Ibali lobomi lomculi yinkqubo eqhubekayo yomsebenzi onzima. Wahlola yonke imifanekiso waza wazama ukuyinika umbukeli njengendlela enokufaneleka ngayo.

Xa wayilungiselela indima, wafunda iintaba zeencwadi eziphathekayo. Akazange nje akhumbule isicatshulwa ngekhanda, kodwa wasetyenziselwa ibali, edibene nomlingiswa. Ingqalelo yahlawulwa kwixesha apho kwenziwa khona isenzo, ezopolitiko kunye nobomi. Umlingani kwakufuneka udalwe njengokwethenjelwa nangokwemvelo ngokusemandleni. Umbukeli kufuneka abekholelwa ukuba ubhekene nohlobo olufanayo.

ULeonid Sobinov wayesiqonda ingqondo yeengqungquthela zakhe, kwihlabathi labo elingokomoya. Xa ubumba kakhulu, umdlalo uba ngumgangatho ophezulu. Wayengumlingani, othe ngexesha lakhe lingalingani.

Ubomi

Ngo-1872, ngo-7 kaJuni, uSobinov Leonid Vitalievich wabonakala. I-biography iyaqala eYaroslavl. Uyise nomkhulu wakhe babesenkonzweni yePoletayev, umrhwebi wasekhaya, uhambo lokuthutha umgubo ukuya kwiindlu zephondo. Imisebenzi yabo yayiquka ukuhlawulwa kwemali.

ULeonid Sobinov akazange aphelise njengomntwana. Ubomi bakhe bubonisa ubomi obuthathaka. Uyise wayenenkathazo kwaye ede kakhulu nothando lobugcisa. Umama kuphela ngamaxesha, enomphefumlo kwaye wenza kakuhle iingoma zabantu. Waqala ukufundisa unyana wakhe. URaroslavl wasebenzisa ubuntwaneni bakhe kunye nolutsha lomculi, i-gymnasium yagqitywa. Ngo-1890, uLeonid Sobinov waphumelela kwisikolo. I-biografi emfutshane ibonisa ukuba yilapho i-tenor yakhe yaqala ukuqhuma. Wahlabelela njengengxenye yomoya we-gymnasium chorus.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuqeqesheni

Ngelo xesha, waba ngumfundi waseyunivesiti. Kwakukho iiklabhu zokucula, apho, ngokuqinisekileyo, uSobinov Leonid Vitalievich uthatha inxaxheba. Kwakhona wayekwazi ukujonga ubusuku ngethikithi kwibala lemidlalo, wayekuthanda ukugcina nokusebenzisa yakhe imisebenzi kwizobugcisa.

ULeonid Sobinov uchitha lonke ixesha lakhe ukwazi ulwazi oluhle. Emva koko kwahlawulwa ingqalelo encinane ekufundeni. Waziva uthando olucacileyo kwimeko, wajoyina esinye isangqa. Kuyo yonke imihla yokuphila kwabafundi bakhe, waya kubini la majaji.

Ngemva yangaphambili, ingcamango yecandelo lobugcisa njengomculi lihlala likhawuleza. Kodwa uLeonid Sobinov, umculi weenkcukacha zendalo kunye nokunyamekela okukhulu, wayefuna ukufumana imali. Xa wayeya eyunivesithi, umendo wakhe udlula iFilharmonic College. Njalo naxa wayefuna ukungena kwaye abe ngumfundi opheleleyo.

Ngendlela enenhlanhla ngayo uP.A. Shostakovskii udibana noLeonid Sobinov. I-biografi yomculi ijika ibe yindlela yobugcisa xa iba yinxalenye yeyara ngexesha loviwo kwiziko lemfundo ekhethekileyo. Ikhono lakhe liyabonwa kwaye umculi uyamenywa kwikhosi yamahhala. Ekubeni leli phupha lalixabiseke kakhulu ixesha elide uSobinov Leonid Vitalievich, ngenxa yoko waqala ngenkuthalo enkulu kwaye wayengumfundi oyisibonelo.

Ngomhla wokuvavanywa kwentwasahlobo, uvumelekile ukuba aye kunyaka wesithathu. Xa i-opera yaseNtaliyali yenziwe yi-Philharmonic Society, umculi onetalente wanikezwa amaqela amaninzi amancinci. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sasinendima, njengoHarququin, owamenza kwimveliso ye "Pagliacci".

Buyela kwi-Jurisprudence

USobinov uLeonid Vitalievich wancinci wavelisa izakhono zakhe. I-biografi emfutshane yakhe iqulethe uthando kumagama kunye neengxelo zomthetho. Kufika ixesha apho kufuneka ulungiselele ukupasa kweemviwo zelizwe. Kwafuneka ndiphazamise kumculo ngenxa yokuphumelela kwiyunivesithi. Kodwa kule mingcipheko yokudala ayiyikuphela. Sekunyanzelekile ukukhonza emkhosini. Waba ngumlothali wenkundla.

Emva koko uyavunyelwa kwiBhara yaseMoscow. USobinov uLeonid Vitalievich waqala ukuziva ufudumele kulo msebenzi. Emva kwayo yonke indawo, ekumiseni kwakhe unokukhusela ukukhubeka kwaye abuyisele ubulungisa, uluntu luhlala luye lungazange lugqithise kuye. Emva koko ingoma yayikucwangciso sesibini kunye nokuma ngaphezulu njengento yokuzilibazisa, kungekhona ubomi bonke.

Iinkalo ezithakazelisayo zobomi bomculi

Njengoko sibona, uLeonid Vitalievich Sobinov wayenetalente kwiindawo ezininzi. Inyaniso enomdla ngaye ininzi:

• Kanye kunye nomthetho-mthetho, kwenzeka kwiiklasi ze-opera kunye nezifundo zokucula.

• Ngowe-1896, kwenzeka ukuba abonise italente yakhe esidlangalaleni kwimviwo kwiMaty Theatre. Ukongezelela, wayenxaxheba kwiithenkethi, uhambo oluncedo. Isimo asizange siyeke ukumbiza. Nanku sele sele engumfundi wonyaka wesi-5.

• Kulo vavanyo, uyabonwa kwaye wabizwa kwi-Bolshoi Theater yeesampuli. Ekuqaleni akazange eze, kodwa ke waba nesibindi waza wathetha. Impumelelo yadlulisa zonke iimvavanyo.

• Ngaphambi kwakhe kuvula isigaba apho umculi wenza khona njengenxalenye ye-opera "iDemon". U-Sobinov uLeonid Vitalievich uyanqoba ngokukhawuleza iintliziyo zabaphulaphuli. Iifoto zibonisa ukuba ngaphandle kwelizwi elihle kakhulu naye wayenomdla okhangayo, owenene, ngokuqinisekileyo, ubaluleke kakhulu kumculi.

Uzuko lukhula

Izibheno kunye nezicelo zokufakela kuye ziza kuye. Umculi udunyiswa ngabagxeki abaziwayo. Ukugqwesa kunye nobuhle be-timbre kwagxininiswa. Ihlabathi lezobugcisa lathandwa yi talente yakhe. Yena, njengomdlali weqiniso, wayenomdla kakhulu kwaye wayesazi indlela yokubeka abaphulaphuli kuye. Wenza ezininzi kwiinqanaba zelizwe lakubo nakwamanye amazwe.

Wamkela umculi ngeenqanawa zaseItali, okuthi "iLa Scala" - idolophu eyaziwayo yaseMilan. Wakwazi ukujamelana nabalingani abahlukeneyo kunye neendima. Wayekwazi ukuqonda umlingiswa, usetyenziswe emfanekisweni aze adlulisele iimvakalelo kumphulaphuli. I-opera yayiphuculwa ngetalente yakhe emangalisayo. Amaphephandaba aseItaly abhala ngaye ngokumangalisa. I-Talent kunye nokukhuthaza kwakha inhlanganisela emangalisayo.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kweziganeko zehlabathi

Wahamba kunye neentlanganiso eBerlin naseMontro Carlo, apho naye wabingelela ngokufudumele. Imisebenzi eMoscow nayo iyaqhubeka indima ye-Grieux. Wadlulisela ngokupheleleyo iimvakalelo neemvakalelo zabantu. Abazalwana bakhe bamdumisa.

Kwiminyaka elishumi emva kokuqala komsebenzi wakhe wokudala, umculi waba yinyaniso yemveliso yakhe. Igama lakhe belivile. Ngoku wonke umntu uyazi apho, ngelixa evakalisa ukubukeka komculi, gxininisa igama lakhe. ULeonid Sobinov - umculi ophumelele ukuthandwa kakhulu, akazange asebenze kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo zokwenza. Icandelo ngalinye lityalomali kunye nenxalenye yobomi, isiqwenga somphefumlo wayo.

ISpeyin yavuyiswa ukumhlangabeza ngo-1908. Wenza i-arias kwimisebenzi ye-Mephistopheles, iManon nabanye. Kubonakala ngathi kude kube nje yena ngokwakhe ungumfundi, kwaye ngoku ezinye iimvumi ze-opera zilingana naye. Kumsebenzi kaGluck, umculi wadlala inxalenye yecatshulwa. Kwakungekho umgangatho osemgangathweni, kuba ngaphambi koko, u-Orpheus wayengakaze enze i-tenor. Indima idlalwe ngumdlali. Kwaye xa kwakudingeka ukubeka isicatshulwa esivela emlonyeni wakhe, amazwi aphuma ngokukodwa nangokwemvelo. Kwimeko malunga nokufa kuka-Eurydice, umlingisi wanikela ubunzima obukhulu, obunokuthintela, mhlawumbi, intliziyo yabantu bonke ababehlala ehholo. Ixabiso eliphezulu lobugcisa liyaziwa ngokubini yi-opera ngokwalo kunye nekhono lomculi.

Umntu oyinyaniso kunye nomkhokeli onetalente

Unyaka we-1915 uhombisa umculi kwiNdlu yabantu basePetersburg, kunye ne-Zimin Theater eMoscow. I-Revolution yeFebhuwari yenzeke, emva koko kwafuneka ndibuyele kwinqanaba leBolshoi Theatre. Ubomi bubeka kuye kwisithuba somlawuli wezobugcisa. Lo ngumzuzu obalulekileyo kakhulu, obalulekileyo kunye nomhle ebomini bukaSobinov. Wayekholelwa ukuba ubugcisa bufanele bube nenkululeko kwaye bekulungele ukukhonza eli njongo. Nangona wazinikezelwa ukuba ahambe, rhoqo xa umculi engavumi, ukuba ngumntu oyinyaniso.

Kancinci, watshintsha isikhundla somphathi kunye no-Bolshoy Theatre commissioner. Kanye nemisebenzi yokuphatha kunye neentetho zakhe kulo lonke ilizwe, kunye ne-Ukraine, iGeorgia, iFransi, iJamani kunye nePoland ayiyeki.

Ukufa

Nangona uneminyaka engamashumi amathandathu ubudala, uphakathi kwinqanaba lokuqwalasela kunye nemisindo evela kwimeko emangalisayo. Uthando ngaye aluzange luphelelwe ngumzuzu. Ukubuyela eRashiya, xa ebuzwa nguStanislavsky, lo mculi waqala ukukhokela kunye naye, owavulwa kutshanje.

Ubudala buzibona, ngoko ngo-1934, kuyimfuneko ukuya ngaphandle ukuya kunyango. Endleleni eya ekhaya, wamisa eRiga waza wafa ephupheni ngobusuku buka-Oktobha 13. Wayengumculi obalaseleyo kunye nomculi, kunye nomdlali onamandla. Wayenomusa ovela kuye kuphela. Imifanekiso yakhe ingabizwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuthi yiyona nto.

Wazinikela kwi-theatre ngokupheleleyo

Naphezu kwempumelelo emangalisayo, kunzima ukuthetha ukuba uLeonid Sobinov wayenentliziyo entliziyweni. Ubomi bakhe bodwa bubhekisela umtshato kumfazi wakhe - uMaria Feodorovna, owawubanjwe ngowe-1898. Batshata ngelixa bekholeji, behlala ndawonye iminyaka emine kuphela, umtshato wabakhupha abantwana ababini: uBoris noYuri. Bobabini bafumana imfundo yomkhosi nempi.

Ukuqhathaniswa nomfazi wakhe - ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ngabaculi abakhulu. Emva koko, uninzi lwabo lunikeza zonke iimvakalelo namandla abo kwimeko, kungekhona intsapho, okuyiyo yonke into engatshatanga.

Nangona kunjalo, kamva umculi waqhelana nomfazi wakhe wesibini - uMkhina Nina Ivanovna, abatshata nabo ngo-1915. Iminyaka emihlanu kamva intombi kaSvetlana yatshatile. NgoNina Ivanovna, umculi wahlala ngokuvuyisa waze wafa. Oktobha 14, 1934. USobinov L.V. Ukufa kwesifo senhliziyo kwiphupha elineminyaka engama-61, wangcwatywa eMangcwabeni eNoodevichy.

Ingatsho ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba uthando olukhulu ebomini bakhe yiBolshoi Theater. Apho wenza uLensky, kunye noTsar Berendey, iBayan, iPrince Igor, de Grieux, Faust, i-Romeo kunye neminye imifanekiso ebalulekileyo. Yayiyintsebenzo yakhe eyathathwa njengomzekelo kunye nemilinganiselo yekhwalithi, ngelixa elizayo le mi sebenzi yahlolwa ngamanye amagcisa.

Wa khunjulwa njani

Iimpawu zakhe zobumnandi zazimnandi kakhulu. Ukungafani nokunika nokuphendula. Wayebandakanyeka ekuthandweni waza wanikela ngandlela-thile isikolo sepayili, apho abantwana abangaboniyo bafunda khona. Baxhaswa ngabafundi baseMoscow, ababethelela i-ruble ezingama-45 000. Nge golide. Ezi zipho zenziwa entliziyweni, zivuya kwaye zilula.

Abantu babethanda ububele baloo mntu, kunye nekhenkco ayenayo njengelanga. Kusuka kulo mphefumlo oqaqambileyo, imifanekiso ephawulekayo yabonakala, ezele imivakalelo kunye neemvakalelo. Kuyakwazi ukumba ubuninzi beencwadi ekusebenzeni, kodwa konke oku akunako ukutshintshwa ngokunyaniseka nangentliziyo enzulu uSobinov wayenayo. I-Lensky yakhe yayibonakala iyinyani, njengezinye iindima. Abaphulaphuli babengathandi nje kuphela imifanekiso awayeyidlala, kodwa naye ngokwakhe.