Policy elibonisa eRussia. nkqubo Socio-demographic eRashiya

nkqubo Socio-demographic eRashiya Le yinto efunekayo esisiseko kwi lokusekwa ingqiqo loqoqosho lwesizwe. Ngokunikezela ngezibonelelo zabantu zixhomekeke kwinqanaba lwentlalo-ntle yoluntu kweli lizwe kunye nokwenza isikhundla sayo lwangaphandle njengesifundo yendawo yoqoqosho yehlabathi.

nkqubo Abemi: it

Injongo yale kwisigaba yemithetho karhulumente - ukubonelela eyimfuneko ngenxa yelizwe amandla okusebenza. Kwi oku kuxhomekeke iwonga zonke iintlobo eziphambili kubomi: uqoqosho, umgangatho wobomi elime ezahlukeneyo zentlalo labemi, amandla yokhuselo eli lizwe. Ziziphi Iimpawu benza imeko yezentlalo neyokusasazeka eRashiya:

• inqanaba ukuzala;
• parameters labantu obuluqilima kunye nesakhiwo labantu;
• ukufa / ukuzala;
• inani amabanjwa ukwala;
• amanani yokufuduka.

Zonke ezinye izalathi yemeko yoluntu zikarhulumente Dynamics iminyaka 10-15, ngokusekelwe leyo yinto cut analytical, ukuchonga iingxaki ezifuna isisombululo ngokukhawuleza, okanye imikhuba emibi kunye nophuhliso amanyathelo yokungenelela kuzo.

Yintoni nkqubo loluntu

Injongo yale nkqubo lwentlalo - Ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zentlalo kunye nenkxaso karhulumente amaqela athile abantu. nkqubo ngempumelelo kwintlalo yinto yokuqala efunekayo ukuze zifike ojolise kuyo umgaqo-Russian yezibalo.

Umzekelo, "capital sikanina" le nkqubo isetyenziswa kunye nenkxaso karhulumente kunye ezichongiweyo nethemba ezilungileyo rate ukuzalwa avareji ukwanda eRashiya. Noko ke, iinkonzo zentlalo ayisoloko sikulungele ukunika iimeko kule ndawo. Ku kombisa na imeko ngokukhula umlinganiselo wokuzalwa, nto leyo eye yakhokelela umgaqo Russian yezibalo. 2013 lwabonisa intswelo inani iindawo kumaziko emfundo pre-school, oku kusekho ingxaki kwixesha elizayo. Ukungalingani kunokubangela iziphumo zentlalo engathandekiyo. Ukongeza kwezi zinto ezimbi, ukunqongophala kweendawo e eziguqulweyo akavumeli abazali ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo zabo amandla yengqesho.

Izalathi si zokunikwa nokuzala Russia

Nangona amanyathelo lizimisele ukuphucula labemi eRashiya kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, isiqhelo depopulation. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izinga ukuzalwa lidla ukuba ukwandisa (ngomyinge we-15%), kodwa izinga eliphezulu lokusweleka labantu abasebenza eseleyo umbuzo yokuzala abemi ingasonjululwanga.

nkqubo elibonisa eRussia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane kwaba kuphumelele. Elona nqanaba lisezantsi ukuzalwa ngo-2000. Kwixesha elizayo, kulo mhadi demographic kufuneka ubonakala 2020, xa umlinganiselo umhlala phantsi kunye abasebenzayo baya kufikelela kugqithiso ntlekele.

Kwaba ngethuba kwenziwe zincinane labemi yamkela Concept nkqubo demographic ukuya ku-2015 kunye nesimo sengqondo ukuya ku-2025 ukuya ukudala iimeko nokuzinziswa inkqubo yokuzala yabemi.

Iinkqubo wokuthuthwa ku Russia yanamhlanje

Ngenxa kwiinguqu kwezoqoqosho kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ukuncitshiswa iinkqubo zophuhliso ngenxa imimandla yomntla nencindi kubemi eyomeleleyo kwezi nkalo kwaba ezibalulekileyo kwaye ilinganiselwa ngaphezu kwesibhozo pesenti uluntu lulonke Far North (abantu abangaphezu 1 million). waphawula iinguqulelo ezininzinzi kweli olinganise ukufuduka zomthetho mthethweni abangena nabahlali Commonwealth of Independent States (ico). Kungenxa yoko le nto Concept yophuhliso lwabantu wabeka umsebenzi wokudala iinkqubo ukutsala iingcali abatsha ezithembisayo ukusuka ico, ukubuya bakhaya avela kwamanye amazwe.

Iziko zosapho umtshato

iziko usapho kunye umtshato iyunithi esisiseko kwintlalo yoluntu. Ukuba yabeka imigaqo ucwangco loluntu, inkcubeko, isimo sengqondo, zengqondo zentlalo, ulungiso kakuhle ubuntu.

Kuba ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwe lweembono zentlalo yentsapho sisalathisi ubudlelwane obuphilileyo. Ngoko ke, umgaqo-nkqubo eRashiya demographic lixhomekeke kuphuhliso kwiziko usapho nomtshato. Yiyiphi imisebenzi kufuneka negalelo ekomelezeni wale iziko loluntu? Bafundisa ke iziko inkqubo inkxaso yosapho kwaye bakhonze injongo kuphela ukuba ukuqinise, kodwa ke uphuhliso iziseko yokomoya yokuziphatha unit kwezentlalo:

1. Iingcebiso nenkxaso ngokwengqondo iintsapho leyo elisombulula ingxaki yokugcina usapho kunye nokuthintela mtshato.
2. Ixabiso ze umtshato kunye nomntwana kwabantwana, kwaye zokungena yentsapho kuba engenambewu, wamshiya ngaphandle ukulondolozwa ngabazali.
3. Ukunciphisa inani kwezisu.
4. Ukunyusa uxanduva lwabazali ukuba akhuliswe nophuhliso lwabantwana.

Concept, inkqubo, isicwangciso-nkqubo labantu

Concept - isikhundla yembono, nto leyo postulate ukuba onke amaxwebhu ezinye kunye izigqibo kwinqanaba federal, kumasebe nasekhaya. Umbono jikelele ngemeko kwi zabantu kweli lizwe kunye nomkhombandlela olicebo ekulungiseni iingxaki ezichongiweyo.

Policy elibonisa eRashiya oluqhutywa-sikhokelo yenkqubo iindawo umsebenzi. Kumiselwa mmandla ukusombulula iingxaki (impilo yoomama kunye nomntwana, ukuxhasa abantu yobudala yomhlala-phantsi, ukuthintelwa zokuziphatha anti-nentlalo yabantu abatsha kunye nabanye) kunye namaxolo lombutho (amanqanaba federal, yengingqi kunye nomasipala).

Plan - kwasendaweni nezexeshana lwendawo imisebenzi ngokungqinelana nenkqubo lwethu. Esi sicwangciso lubonakaliswa amanani eziphathekayo kunye nemihla. Ekupheleni konyaka, kufuneka zihlalutywe nxamnye owona ukuba ezicwangcisiweyo.

Ukuba zithini iindaba eziphambili kwinqanaba yangoku

Njengoko kuqala, ngokutsho iingqiqo eyamkelekileyo ukuba ukuyisombulula le nkqubo yezibalo eRashiya ngowe-2014 ukuya njengelixesha langoku, yaye ukuya ku-2025, zezi zilandelayo:

1. Ukunciphisa ukufa (ngakumbi koomama kunye nosana).
2. Luyanda esebenzayo ubomi iminyaka ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka 75 ubudala.
3. Igcina i Dynamics yokwanda wenzala.
4. Ukomeleza yeziko yosapho.
5. Ukutsala bokufika.

Ngesisombululo iingxaki zezibalo uxhomekeke ngqo kwi ukusebenza amanyathelo yentlalo ejolise uzinzo iinkqubo zoqoqosho, ukunciphisa ezithile ngokwezinga oluntu, ukwakhiwa iimeko zivuma zentlalo kwaye zinyuse amazinga okuphila.

nkqubo Socio-demographic eRashiya yanamhlanje, ixabiso layo kunye nethemba

Kuba ukusebenza kunye noqikelelo yemida echaziweyo kubalulekile ukubonelela kuphela ukwanda ngempumelelo indices ubuninzi ngenxa yokukhula kwenani labantu, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukukhula umgangatho wentlalo wobomi. Policy elibonisa eRussia ibandakanya zethuba elifikelela ku-2025:

• Ukunciphisa izinga lokufa labantu yokusebenza Akukho amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe 1.6.
• Nciphisa koomama kunye namazinga okusweleka kweentsana ngokuphindwe ngaphezu kwama-2.
• Ukuphucula impilo yabantu, benza isizathu indlela yokuphila esempilweni.
• Ukwandisa ireyithi ukuzalwa ngokuphindwe 1.5, ukuphumeza lokwanda kwabantu ngenxa ekuzalweni abantwana kwesibini.

Okwangoku, ukusebenza kwamagatya, leyo utsho nkqubo iintlanga eRashiya, kungqinwe kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani. Ukwanda yendalo yabemi njengako 2012 ephawulwe izifundo mane ye-Russian Federation. izinga labantu kwesigidi sabantu 143, nto leyo ezicwangciselwe 2015, sele kuphunyeziwe. Kodwa ke iinjongo ahlale esemthethweni.

nkqubo labemi kunye nkcukacha nomqondo eRashiya

Ngoko ke, lo mgaqo-nkqubo demographic eRashiya, Introduction to the Concept nokuchaza eneenkcukacha kwiinkqubo zentlalo - inkqubo yempembelelo amaziko karhulumente kunye nentlalo kwiinkqubo eluntwini ukuze kuphuculwe izikhombisi zamanani kunye nophuhliso lwabantu. Policy elibonisa eRashiya ayitshintshi, kodwa iphuhlise kuphela izithethe bomthonyama Russian ekuqondeni ixabiso zosapho abakhuliswa nabantwana.

Nomqondo Russian usoloko eziqulathwe mgaqo ngokomoya yaye yokuziphatha yobulungisa nokulingana eluntwini, bafikelele iinzuzo ukuba onke amalungu ayo.

Ngokusekelwe kwezi eziphambili zomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ngeke siphumelele, njengoko efanayo ukuqonda yemveli Russian ngolwalamano phakathi komntu kunye noluntu.