Urhulumente Afghan, ezopolitiko kunye iqela yinkokheli Hafizullah Amin: engobomi, iimpawu imisebenzi kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Hafizullah Amin - enye amanani impikiswano kunawo kwimbali Afghanistan. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ngumtyholwa ephambili nomxokelelwane iimfazwe kweli lizwe, eyaqala ngo-1979 kwaye kuyaqhubeka kule mini, ngoxa abanye bacinga ukuba - lixhoba oliqhophololo. Ngoko ke ngubani Hafizullah Amin? Biography of the Prime Minister of Afghanistan kwaye iya kuba ngumba isifundo sethu.

Ukuzalwa nasekuqaleni kweminyaka

Hafizullah Amin wazalwa ngo-Agasti 1929 kweli phondo Paghman, kufuphi Kabul, Afghanistan, ebukumkanini. Uyise ibinguye oyintloko omnye zeentolongo eli lizwe. Yena yeyendlu nesizwe Pashtun-Ghilzais uhlobo Haruta.

Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, Hafizullah Amin ababhalise kwikholeji yoqeqesho lootitshala. Emva kokugqiba uqeqesho apho, akazange ayeke. Amin ngempumelelo isidanga kwiYunivesithi Kabul kwaye wafumana isidanga sakhe e-physics.

Waza waqala ukufundisa kwisikolo esiphakamileyo ikomkhulu likaThixo, apho ecwangcisiweyo nyukela leri omsebenzi. Amin ngokukhawuleza wahamba indlela ukususela kokulula ukuya kumlawuli we ngutitshala.

Ukuze ukwandisa inqanaba labo qualification, Amin waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eUnited States, Columbia. Wangena apho kuloo banesifo ekuqaleni.

Amanyathelo okuqala kwezopolitiko

Ngoxa ukufunda eyunivesithi, Hafizullah Amin wabonisa inqanaba kunokuba eliphezulu ulwazi, ikhokelwa zomanyano Afghan, kwakunye okokuqala Uqhelene izimvo abangabaxhasi bakaMarx. A bit kamva waba lilungu 'iklabhu ye Progressive Socialist. " Nangona, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali Soviet, kanye ngelo xesha owathunywa yi CIA.

Ngowe-1965, wafumana isidanga master waza wabuyela Afghanistan, Hafizullah Amin uqalisa ukwenza inxaxheba kwimisebenzi karhulumente. Ufundisa kwi kwiYunivesithi Kabul. Nangona yafumana igama njenge ubuzwe Pashtun, ngowe-1966, Amin uba lilungu iphiko abangabaxhasi bakaMarx phantsi kokukhokelwa yinkokeli Nur Muhammad Taraki - Abantu Democratic Party Afghanistan, waseka unyaka ngaphambili.

Ngo-1967, iqela kana alwayo ezimbini - "Khalq", nkokeli Taraki and "Parcham" ogama, elikhokelwa Babrak Karmal. Eliphikisayo "Khalq" yayisekelwe ikakhulu ngabahlali yobuhlanga Pashtun iilali, wabavoti omkhulu othi "Parcham" yaba labemi multi-yobuhlanga ezidolophini. Ukongeza, sisetyenziswe "Khalq" hlukile iimbono olukhulu ngakumbi. Kungenxa kule iqhekeza kwaye wafumana Amin. Noko ke, kakade ngo-1968, xa intlanganiso ngokweyelenqe "Khalq", ubume kwayo .o nesimo kwamagqwetha kuba ngamalungu PDPA. Ngokusemthethweni, eli nyathelo iimbono ezingeyomfuneko wesizwe esivakalayo yi Amin.

Kodwa sele ngo-1969, Amin, kunye namanye amalungu eKhabhinethi PDPA, wathabatha inxaxheba kulonyulo zepalamente. Ngaphezu koko, waba ummeli kuphela alwayo mabini, apho kunjalo kunyulwa kwindlu esezantsi kwepalamente.

Iziganeko ekuguqukeni

NgoJulayi 1973, isiganeko ngokusesikweni indlela of utshintshwano ezinkulu kweli lizwe, kuphalala ekupheleni kwimfazwe yamakhaya ixesha elide. Kanye ngelo xesha kwakukho ukubhukuqwa ndisahleli ukutyelela Italy uKumkani Mohammed Zahir Shah, owayelawula ukususela 1933, umzala wakhe owayesakuba Prime Minister of Afghanistan, uMohammed Daoud, abaqalise ubhedu yasemkhosini. Daoud uyekwa ukumkani yaye yaseka ubuzwilakhe lobuqu, nangona ngokusesikweni wathabatha ofisi njengomongameli. Iinkokheli inkxaso ye PDPA mdibi. Ngenxa yokungabi inkxaso ebanzi phakathi kwabantu labemi, Dowd wanyanzeleka ukuba afune inkxaso evela nebhetshi. Ngokukodwa, wenza abahlobo kunye "Parcham" iphiko.

Kodwa kungekudala ubudlelwane phakathi `Abd kunye PDPA razladilis njengomongameli kwavalwa onke amaqela ezopolitiko ngaphandle bakhe - Party of Revolution National. Ngelo xesha, ngowe-1977, phantsi yolamlo eSoviet Union amaphiko amabini PDPA sasimanyene ibe elinye kwakhona, nangona ukwahlukana iqhezu akukho ngokupheleleyo zishenxisiwe. UNobhala Jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo yakhethwa Taraki kunye Amin waya Central Committee Party. Ngoko kwagqitywa ukulungiselela ukubhukuqwa uMongameli Daoud.

Ngo-Epreli 1978 Saur Revolution zenzeka, nto leyo ikhokelele Mohammed Daoud wahliswa kwaye wabulawa kungekudala, kunye nenkokheli lizwe kunye nenkxaso emkhosini wathimba iqela PDPA. Ngokusesikweni, eli lizwe labizwa ngokuba Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Intloko karhulumente uba Taraki, emi kwizikhundla eziphezulu - Usihlalo Revolutionary kwiBhunga Prime Minister of lizwe. USekela Sihlalo weBhunga Revolutionary uba elinye ilungu ngokweyelenqe "Parcham" - Babrak Karmal. Amin wafumana kwisikhundla sikaSekela Prime Minister kunye noMphathiswa weMicimbi Foreign. NgoMatshi 1979, Taraki, eseleyo intloko karhulumente njengoko nguSihlalo weBhunga Revolutionary, ibhatyi iNkulumbuso kwaye adlulisele kubo Hafizullah Amin.

Rise amandla

Kodwa nangoko kamsinya nje kwafika njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo kumandla, ungquzulwano baqalisa ukuba kuvela phakathi kumaqela ahlukeneyo kubo. Bayiqala ingcinezelo ngokuchasene inkcaso nxamnye nabo namaqela phakathi iqela oneenkolelo ezingafaniyo umgca jikelele. Ngokukodwa, amalungu ngokweyelenqe "Parcham" hit kunzima. Kodwa ngaphakathi ngokweyelenqe "Khalq" hayi yonke into yahamba kakuhle. waziqhekeza kuqala ubutshaba lobuqu phakathi Taraki kunye Amin, leyo afudunyezwe amabhongo lobuqu wamva. Ekugqibeleni, emva yezulu phakathi akhusela of abezopolitiko ngoSeptemba 1979, Amin, njengoko kukaJulayi waloo nyaka mnye, umlungiseleli ukhuselo, wayalela emkhosini ukuba ulawulo kofakelo ezingundoqo zikarhulumente.

Ndakuva plenum engaqhelekanga le Party Taraki yena icala lokuzama ka-Amina, le usurpation kwamandla kunye nokusekwa ihlelo lobuntu lokubulala. Emva kokubanjwa kwakhe, intloko owayesakuba Afghanistan wakrwitshwa ngokwemiyalelo Amin. Ukususela abantu ekuqaleni wazifihla oko kwenzekayo, esithi Taraki ezibulewe sesi sifo.

Emva ekupheliseni Taraki, ukususela ngoSeptemba 16, 1979, Amin waba uNobhala Jikelele PDPA kunye noSihlalo weBhunga Revolutionary, ngaxeshanye, njengokuba ngaphambili, uhlala inkulumbuso, umlungiseleli zokhuselo.

ukufa

Kanye ngamandla, Amin buthathaka kuphela ingcinezelo, kodwa womelela kubo, ngokukhawulezisa iinkokeli angaphambili eli lizwe. Ngale ndlela ke zingazani kuphela amalungu "Parcham" ngokweyelenqe, kodwa amalungu kwakhona abaninzi iphiko "Khalq". Eqonda ukuba ukulahlekelwa zokuxhathisa ulawulo, ezizezi Amin yaphakanyiswa ingcamango ningambuyisi nje imikhosi eSoviet Union ukuzinzisa le meko kweli lizwe.

Kodwa ke urhulumente waseSoviet wagqiba ukuxhasa hayi Amina, kuba ndicinga ukuba zisebenze, kwaye inkokeli ngokweyelenqe "Parcham" Babrak Karmal, obeyindoda KGB. Ngenxa yokusebenza olwenziwa imikhosi ukhuseleko waseUSSR, ngoDisemba 27, 1979 Hafizullah Amin yatshatyalaliswa ngokoqobo endlini yakhe

usapho

Hafizullah Amin wayenomfazi, unyana kunye nentombi. Kwenzeka ntoni nge nosapho inkokeli Afghanistan kaThixo, emva kokuba wabulawa Hafizullah Amin? Abantwana baba kunye noyise wakhe ngexesha aphume apho komkhulu. wabulawa uNyana, ndiziphaluse enye yeentombi zakhe. Ngomhla bayahlelwa kwabasindileyo amalungu ukubetha usapho Amin ayaziwa.

anika umdla

Ngoko nangoko emva kokufa yinkokeli Afghanistan kaThixo ngokubanzi kukholelwa ukuba Hafizullah Amin - ungumngcatshi, owathunywa yi CIA. Enyanisweni, buye bangafunyanwa ubungqina ngqo ikhonkco nee-arhente US krelekrele Amin.

Phezu kwayo nje inkolelo eqhelekileyo ukuba amajoni Soviet wangena Afghanistan wacebisa Karmal, eneneni eli phulo lenziwa Amin ngokwakhe.

uvavanyo ubuntu

Siye sifunde inkcazelo ubomi ke wahlala Hafizullah Amin. Biography Afghanistan ngumongameli ibonisa ukuba kunokuba ubuntu edidayo. Xa nothando lwakhe umlinganiswa kudityaniswe careerism, banqwenela ukuseka ubulungisa kwezentlalo kweli lizwe kudityaniswe iindlela ingcinezelo kwezopolitiko ngokuchaseneyo namaqabane zoluntu nezopolitiko Amin kaThixo.

Nangona kunjalo iintlawulo Amin ngentsebenziswano CIA okanye nezinye iinkonzo ezizodwa amazwe okwangoku imvume.