Uphi na Carthage, yaye yintoni na wazibalula embalini?

Carthage yamandulo - elinye lamazwe ambalwa abaye lawisa umngeni ngokwenene kwamabutho aseRoma kwi BC ngenkulungwane yesithathu. Uloyiso iRoma kukhokelele ekupheleni impucuko babo ubuhandiba brilliant, kunye Carthage yalityalwa sikweni. Noko ke, uRhulumente iphinde moyisi ngempumelelo kunye umdlali ebalulekileyo neAfrika kwihlabathi lamandulo.

Carthage yasekwa ngo-814 BC bezithanga baseFenike eTire. Kodwa iFenike sele ngenkulungwane VIII yoyiswa eAsiriya ezakhokelela kokuzimela ezinye amathanga zaseFenike kuqala, okwesibini, eli lizwe kuye kwabangela ukubhabha ezininzi abemi balo (abanye abaye bahlala kuyo yakutshanje). Carthage waba yinkokeli entsha mmandla, elifumileyo ummandla ingumasipala bangaphambili. Indawo apho Carthage (indawo yayo geographical), wamvumela ukuba ukomeleza nje kuphela kodwa chu ukuphuhlisa amandla abo kunye nempembelelo kule ngingqi.

Yayikumgama kunxweme North Afrika, apho wagqiba lwaselwandle ukubalasela kunye norhwebo impumelelo yayo. Court, awela lweMeditera, baya- zadlula phakathi esasiseSisili (ngokuyinxenye ibekwe kudala alawulwa Carthaginians, yaye ekugqibeleni yoyiswa sele kwinkulungwane IV BC), nto leyo ithetha ukuba uRhulumente ukuseka imithetho yayo yolwandle. By the VI kwinkulungwane BC ukuba abemi eyinkunzi lifikelele 70 amawaka abantu, yaye yaba sixeko sikhulu yonke yentshona lweMeditera.

I angi zokuqala ezinkulu yamajoni urhulumente waba amaGrike amandulo, oqale ngenkulungwane VII, amazwe walo lonke unxweme lweMeditera. Ngokukodwa, kwiimfazwe lwamaGrike-Persian kwinkulungwane V Carthage wabamba icala wasePersi. ngxabano Global ne amaGrike ngokupheleleyo ephikisanayo kunye nokusilela. Kodwa Carthage landiswa kakhulu nommandla wayo ikakhulu ngenxa kunxweme North-Afrika, ngasezantsi saseIberia Peninsula ezinye iziqithi
ELwandle. Ezinye iinzuzo Carthage urhwebo odumileyo kusebenza, nto leyo lo mthombo uphambili ntle yoluntu. abarhwebi zabo waya kunxweme amazwekazi amathathu - Europe, Asia, eAfrika, nto leyo inkitha yabantu ukufumana apho Carthage.

Punic War First

Kuphela kwinkulungwane III BC kwakhula Roman Republic abe ubandezele kakhulu ukuya Carthage. ingxabano yawo kwabangelwa utyekelo endalo Latins ukwandisa nemfuyo yabo, nto leyo nobuhlobo ngaphambili phakathi kwabo muncu.

Okokuqala Punic War (amaRoma ekuthiwa Carthaginians punami) yaqala ngo-264 BC, ubukhulu becala ngenxa lokuqaqamba kwi ngobuchule eSisili. AmaRoma alawula amadabi mhlaba, kodwa phantse nto bachase nesinqanawa Carthage. Kwaba kuphela ngo-241, xa kwizithuthi kunye Carthage yomkhosi sele ziphelisiwe, amaRoma bakwazi ukususela imizamo yabo yokugqibela ukuze ukuqokelela amajoni, ihamba yeqonga e-Afrika. Wawoyisa Roma kwi ziqithi yagqitywa Egatskih First Punic War, nto leyo yakhokelela ekulahlekelweni yobume ebhudla kummandla kunye nenani kwezivumelwano Carthaginians nezinzima.

Imfazwe sesibini nesesithathu Punic

I-episode yesibini longquzulwano azinakuze ufanelwe nganye omunye awayezibona 218. Kwiinzame ukuziphindezela luqale intloko yomkhosi, ithawula Barca. Kunokuba ayehlasela usingasiqithi elwandle, ithawula, wakhokela umkhosi wakhe ukuba yokucima - nge Spain kunye Alps, endleleni kokuphumelela inani uloyiso (phakathi apho edabini idumileyo ligcuntswana kwi Cannae ngo-216, ngenxeba ngamandla kwiriphabliki nelamaxandeka kwicala ithawula inxalenye enkulu Italy). Noko ke, amaRoma bakwazi ukuma, uze kwakhona ukuhambisa umlo eAfrika. Emva uthotho zoloyiso, baye baphinda thuba emkhosini, aza nzima kakhulu le meko Carthaginians.

Kwidabi ukuba uzimisele uloyiso waseRoma, yaba Idabi Zama ngo-202. Kwakhona, Carthage yakwazi kwakhona ekubulaleni. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kamva isixeko kwakhona waba ngomnye bazizinhanha kwiMeditera. Ingaba isikhundla salo, kuqala, braked uqoqosho eRoma, yaye okwesibini, ukuba nje yingozi.

Ngo-149 BC, kwiriphabliki ibotshelelwe imfazwe yesithathu. Kokusayina isivumelwano kunye nobutshaba ukumkani Carthage numudiyskim Massanissoy, amaRoma efumene sisingxengxezo njengamanyathelo ayo. Amajoni lawela kunxweme North Afrika, apho Carthage, wayingqinga umkhosi waseRoma umzi. Oku ke kwenzeka iminyaka emithathu, kodwa sagcina ukuyiphuza, ukutshatyalaliswa phantse epheleleyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa enkulu yabemi. Kwixesha elizayo, isixeko ziqhubekile ukubakhona de ukudliwa Arab, kodwa akazange ukubaluleka.

Liphi na Carthage mihla (ngakumbi ngqo, ngeempahla ayo), ibekwe kufutshane nesixeko Tunis - ikomkhulu karhulumente eponymous kwi Maghreb.