Umthamo "747", inkqubo elingaphakathi, ngeendawo

Phambi kokufika yemarike elikhulu yaseYurophu "A-380", lo moya inkulu ehlabathini yaba "747" amandla ukuba salon, ukuba ngqo, umkhweli-2 ube, yaba abantu abangaphezu kwama-500. Njengezinye iinkampani moya, inqanawa benze utshintsho eziliqela, kodwa umahluko eziphambili ayikatshintshi. Plane iqulethe ube 2, impumlo yokuqala, iinjini-4, kunye namandla inkulu abakhweli.

Le ndiza le airliner lokuqala widebody, nto leyo wayecebe kuphela kwempahla. Waqalisa ukuba unyaka emva kokuqalisa version zemveliso ye-737, nto leyo moya ngokwesiseko entsha akuphumelelanga. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyomfuneko. Ihlabathi liphela ubukele uphuhliso moya supersonic, ngoko ke "747" waba zonke ithuba eseleyo impahla moya. Ingakumbi yoguqulelo impahla ye-moya kumgangatho wesibini. ekuqaleni kwacetywa ukuba ashiye kumgangatho wesibini zabakhweli, ngelixa kumgangatho wokuqala yanikwa ngokupheleleyo phantsi gumbi umthwalo. Ezine injini moya nabo wafumana ukuba umthamo omkhulu.

moya wokuqala

Nangona iingxaki zemali, i airliner ngokubanzi-umzimba yokuqala wayisusa ngo-1970. Njengoko inqwelo-moya ebekhwele, engasentla kumgangatho omkhulu inkonzo, nabo bonke abakhweli zabekwa kumgaqo eqhelekileyo kwezinye moya. ye sampula yokuqala Capacity "747" yaba bantu 200 kuphela, kodwa xa uthelekisa kunye nemodeli 737-th, akhululwe kunyaka omnye waza wathabatha kwibhodi 100, oko kuvela kabini umahluko.

umdla Active kule nqanawa entsha bekhubazekile ngokubonakalayo isikhundla "Concord" - moya yaseYurophu supersonic: iziphathi abaninzi ezihlaziyiweyo-odolo zazo kunye iphulo "747" waqalisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa ye-moya yokuqala baqalisa imveliso kokulungiswa ezimbalwa. Eyokuqala ukulungiselela yenethiwekhi Japanese, umyalelo phezu moya elifutshane-kuluhlu. Impendulo ulandelelwano Japanese uguqulelo steel 747-100SR. Le nguqulo has oluphuculiweyo fuselage, amatanki ezincinci, apho umthamo moya liye landa kakhulu. "IBoeing 747-100SR» wakwazi ukuba kwibhodi-500, yaye emva koko 550 abantu. Kamva, ukuguqulwa efanayo - moya luphaphazela lwentaba, uya kufumana kunye nophuhliso 747-300.

kwezinye iinguqulelo

Nangona odolo ekhulayo yoguqulelo abakhweli, "iBoeing" Akazange ashiye izicwangciso yantlandlolo imveliso moya yorhwebo. Ngaloo lwabonakala iinguqulelo zilandelayo: F - ngobuwena yorhwebo, M - Combi ukuba ithuba lokuba athathe abakhweli ezimbalwa, kodwa impahla B - isisu semoto oluphuculweyo (yoguqulelo lokuqala) kunye namatanki (kamva). Ukongeza, ezimbini classic "Ibhodi №1» kuba buyo ka mongameli US sele iqokelelwe ngokusekelwe 747-200.

Ukuguqulwa 200 waba prototype ukwenzela isizukulwana ezayo - yee-300, umahluko kuphela eyayiza kuba ubukho iinjini amathathu endaweni yesezantsi ezine. Kodwa esi sigqibo abazange baqhubeke - "iBoeing 747-300" iye yaba nqanawa entsha kraca.

"Kwendiza 747-300"

Enye yezona zinto ze-moya omtsha sele ngezinyuko ngqo ukuya kumgangatho wesibini (isetyenziswa ngaphambili ezijikeleze), kumgangatho ongasentla eyandisiweyo, eyenzelwe kuqoqosho okanye ishishini eklasini, kunye nesakhono benze inguqu ngenani lezihlalo. Igunya "iBoeing 747-300" nemiqulu engama-400 (kukusebenza ezintathu iintlobo) ukuya ku-600 abantu xa kuphela olunye udidi lwenkonzo iyasetyenziswa.

I-300-th "iBoeing" lathumela 1980 yaye ngokukhawuleza waba ngomnye zisetyenziswa kakhulu qho. Ngaphambi kuka-2005 (lokuqala athatha-off "A-380"), oku ukulungiswa yayigqalwa imodeli ilungileyo engundoqo elide-nqanawa, kodwa oko kwabonisa ethile ebalulekileyo.

iingxaki yokusebenza

Kunye kunye nokwanda kwenani abakhweli kwaba nzima ukusebenza. I "747" ngobukhulu, amandla leyo ikhule ngokukhawuleza, akusekho kunxibelelana yoMgaqo-moya. Ukongeza, ezine injini inqwelomoya nxamnye okhuphisana nawo amathathu kwi DC-10 kuthetha ukuba amafutha enkulu. Kwaye xa kuqala kwentlekele ngowe-1970, iinkampani ezininzi wala ukusebenza kunye nemodeli 747-th, ngenxa unprofitability yayo. Xa sikhumbula ukuba malunga ngexesha elifanayo bangena kwimarike, "767" yaye "Airbus-300" (kokubini kunye injini ezimbini), phantse nangoko kwikhompyutha imarike moya ngokubanzi-eyomeleleyo, th 747 baba ukuthatha kwizikhundla zabo. Nangona umthamo-moya "iBoeing 747" usaqhubeka enye moya ezinkulu yokuqala okubuyekeza le nenguqulo kwinguqulelo imithwalo, yaye kamva uthengise nje.

Aircraft zeendiza ezihamba imigama

Kwaye mhlawumbi, enye indiza wabanyanzela wehla kwimbali, kodwa ukuba inani abakhweli ukuba ukukhula ukuhlala phakathi kwibakala moya "747". Umthamo abakhweli nqanawa Ndowuseza uhluthe befuna UK naseJapan, singasathethi ke into yokuba moya enjalo ingasetyenziswa kwi ezihamba imigama moya enjalo okanye imigca yomphakamo umthwalo.

Ikamva imodeli 747-th

Ngophuhliso eyama iziphathi ezininzi kukho imfuneko kwi amathuba moya elide ngaphandle yokugalela amafutha ezithuthi, ngokunxulumene ngayo ababhekisi kwakhona wathatha i "747". Igunya abakhweli kwi iinguqulelo ezintsha abantu 800. Range yokubaleka kuhambelana nemigangatho ngaphambili bakhululwa imifuziselo 747-400. Kodwa kungekudala kakhulu iinqwelomoya 747-500 kunye neeprojekthi 747-600 waya kwindawo yokugcina. Zenethiwekhi ezifana indiza entsha kunokuba ekuphuculeni omdala. Noko ke, phezu ababhekisi phambili 747th musa ukulibala; kuba kakuhle ukwenzela, ivaliwe, kwakhona kakuhle ukwenzela. Oku kwaqhubeka ukusa ku-2005. Ekugqibeleni, emva "787", i-Corporation yabhengeza le "747" ukubuya model. Lo matshini entsha ufumana igama ikhowudi "I iBoeing 747-8", okanye Advanced.

Zenethiwekhi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwimpumelelo ngokuthandabuzekayo iinguqulelo zokuqala 747, ekuqaleni wayalela 109 iimoto - sesithathu kubo yobhaliso umkhweli. usindileyo I ezifunekayo version imithwalo. Iyonke 121 umatshini liyafezekiswa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Umthamo "iBoeing 747-8" hayi mihle - Abantu 581 usebenzisa iindidi 2 nkonzo. Xa usebenzisa iindidi inkonzo ezintathu (kongezwe kwiklasi yokuqala) izihlalo zancitshiswa malunga 400.

iindawo eziphezulu

Eli nqaku libonisa esiveza layout iklasi ezintathu-on lenqwelo moya "షేక్స్పియర్ William" (Germany). Le nqanawa uba iindawo ezimbalwa kwiklasi yokuqala - kumgangatho emhlabeni phantsi moya, kunye izihlalo 80 eklasini zoshishino kunye nezihlalo phantse 300 kuqoqosho. Umthamo lilonke "iBoeing 747-8" kolu lungiselelo izihlalo 386.

Ngelo kwiklasi yokuqala izikhalazo wayengekho - eninzi isithuba, banalo ikhono esihlalweni kakuhle abakhweli, isihlalo nganye yeskrini yakho. Eminye amalungiselelo iziphumo ngaphambili, iikhabhathi kunye zangasese. lukrozo lokuqala lezihlalo eklasini zoshishino nangona banzi, kodwa baleka kungena ipatishini, apho kukho izindlu zangasese kunye nekhitshi ukuba ukudala ezinye ngokuphazamiseka. Armchairs 9C kunye 9H asondelelene ukuba ngomphi kunye nezindlu zangasese. Ezifana ukuphila enokulindelwa kwaye kukweli 81 th 88 th series (owesibini floor, ezokuqala nezokugqibela series). Leshumi umqolo abakhweli kuba yonke flight kujonga ulwahlulo phambi kwakhe, apho, kakade, kakhulu ungakhululekanga. iklasi Business kukuba abantu 6 emgceni, ngelixa isabelo sawo abapasileyo ezimbini.

Zibiza iqala nge inani lemiqolo 16 no 18. series elinesithandathu uye izihlalo 6 kuphela. Ngenxa yokuba akukho umkhweli phambi kwabo; kuba abemi beli ngcelele sithuba saneleyo esikhoyo, kwaye ke ngeke kwenzeke ukufumana wena emgibeni wadala isitulo zenzeka behleli phambi yendoda. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo kwicandelo eliphakathi kumqolo 18. inani Ikhulu ibekwe ecaleni yokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka - oku kuchaza kukunqongophala iifestile. Abakhweli kwicandelo embindini kolu ngcelele abakwazi ukuthatha ifoto, njengoko udonga ngasemva zangasese. imikrozo 21-22-th yokumane lungiselelo lemiqolo uyawabala 16-18, ngaphandle kokuba kwi-owuva ye-21 umqolo zazo zone izihlalo, hayi enqatyisiweyo angabikho abanye. Kukho kwakhona lwalunentaphane imilenze, le ethile kuphela: iqela zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka. Icandelo eliphakathi, ezizezi 32 umqolo 33th ke eludongeni ngasemva, ngoko akayi kuba nako nelokuphumla ulale phantsi. Zonke nezihlalo 34 th manqaku phambi ulwahlulo, ngenxa oko kube elincinane isithuba. imikrozo 45-47-th sele Umsila-moya, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba imxinwa. Eyona Lilishwa kunokwenzeka ukuba igama umqolo we-49, njengoko neengxaki okhankanywe ngaphambili, ngoku ngokupheleleyo kweli candelo.

isiphelo

Umthamo "747" uphuculo ukusuka kuguqulelo kuguqulelo, kodwa, ngokutsho abathwali kunye nabasebenzisi ngqo moya, nangona ifuna kakhulu amafutha, kodwa moya transcontinental ugwetyelwe. yesiqinisekiso esinzulu kukhonza njengoko moya British Airways, uthenge ngexesha lokudodobala American le inkulu "747" ngaba inobunzima abantu ukuya ku-500. Inani le iklasi koomatshini kwi lwezithuthi yenkampani okwangoku limi kwiiyunithi 57.