UAlexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky: ubugcisa, ubugcisa

Umxholo oyintloko womsebenzi wabalobi yiMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic. Kwaye i-soldier-hero-soldier uVasily Terkin, eyadalwa nguye, yafumana ukuthandwa okunjalo, okungathi omnye unokuthi, udlula umlobi ngokwakhe. Mayelana nobomi nomsebenzi wombhali waseSoviet omangalisayo, siza kuthetha ngale nqaku.

U-Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky: i-biography

Umlobi wekamva wazalwa ngokusesikweni esidala ngoJuni 8 (ngoJuni 21-entsha) ngo-1910 kwidolophana yaseZagorje, esisephondo laseSmolensk. Uyise, u-Trifon Gordeevich, wayengumkhandi, kwaye unina, uMaria Mitrofanovna, wayefana nentsapho yabasimili (abalimi ababehlala ngaphandle kweRashiya kwaye babecinga ukugcina imida yawo).

Uyise, nangona imvelaphi yakhe, wayeyindoda efunda nokufunda nokuthanda ukufunda. Indlu yayineencwadi. Ndayazi indlela yokufunda kunye nomama wombhali ozayo.

UAlexandro wayenomnina omncinane uIvan, owazalwa ngo-1914, owaba ngumntu onobhala.

Iminyaka yobuntwana

U-Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky waqala ukudibana nemisebenzi yaseRashiya. Umbhalo ocacileyo obhaliweyo wombhali uxelela ukuba kwintsapho yaseTvardovsky yayisithethe - ngobusuku busika omnye wabazali bafunda ngokuvakalayo iGogol, uLermontov, iPushkin. Ngaloo nto uTvardovsky wafumana uthando lweencwadi kwaye waqala ukubhala iivesi zokuqala, engasayi kufunda ngokwenene ukubhala ngokuchanekileyo.

UAlexander owayesifundayo esikolweni sasemaphandleni, kwaye sele sele eseneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, waqala ukuthumela amanqaku amancinci kumaphephandaba asekuhlaleni, ezinye zazo zaze zashicilelwa. Kungekudala uTvardovsky wazama ukuthumela kunye neengongoma. Umhleli wephephandaba lendawo, uRabochiy Put, waxhasa iqhinga lomlobi omncinci kwaye wamncedisa ukuba anqobe ukunyaniseka kwakhe kwendalo kwaye waqala ukupapasha.

Smolensk-eMoscow

Emva kokugqweswa, u-Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky (ubunjani bakhe kunye nomsebenzi omelelwe kulo nqaku) uya ku-Smolensk. Apha umlobi ozayo wayefuna ukuba aqhubeke nokufunda, okanye ukufumana umsebenzi, kodwa akakwazi ukwenza - wayefuna ubuncinci abathile ayenalo.

U-Tvardovsky wayehlala e-pittance, eyayizisa imali engenakulinganiswa yokubhalwa kwemibhalo, apho bekufuneka ibethe iminyango yeeofisi zokuhlela. Xa imibongo yombongi yanyatheliswa kwiphephancwadi elikhulu "Oktobha", waya kuMoscow, kodwa apha inhlanhla ayizange imomothe. Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1930, u-Tvardovsky wanyanzeliswa ukuba abuyele eSmolensk, apho wachitha iminyaka e-6 ezayo yobomi bakhe. Ngeli xesha, wakwazi ukungena kwiziko lootitshala, engazange aligqibe, waza wabuyela eMoscow, apho ngo-1936 wavunyelwa kwi-MIFLI.

Ngexesha leminyaka, uTvardovsky sele sele eqale ukunyathelisa, kwaye ngo-1936 imbongo ethi "Izwe laseMravia", elizinikele ekuhlanganyeleni, lapapashwa, elimzukisa. Ngomnyaka we-1939, iqoqo lokuqala laseTvardovsky le-Rural Chronicle lavela.

Kwimpi

Ngo-1939 uAlexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky wabhalwa kwi-Red Army. I-biography yomlobi kulo mzuzwana uyaguquka ngokukhawuleza - usephakathi kwezemisebenzi yasezempi eNtshona Belarus. Ukususela ngowe-1941, u-Tvardovsky wasebenza kwiphephandaba laseVoronezh "iArmed Army".

Eli xesha libonakaliswa ngumsebenzi womlobi. Ukongeza kwimbongo edumileyo "uVasily Terkin", uTvardovsky udala umjikelezo weengkondlo "I-Frontline Chronicle" kwaye uqala ukusebenza kwimbongo edumile "iNdlu kufuphi neNdlela," eyagqitywa ngowe-1946.

Vasily Terkin

I-Biography Tvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich iyaninzi kwiimpumelelo ezahlukeneyo zokudala, kodwa enkulu kunazo zonke kukubhalwa kwenkondlo "uVasily Terkin." Umsebenzi wabhalwa kwiMfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic, oko kukuthi, ukususela ngo-1941 ukuya ku-1945. Yapapashwa kwiincinci ezincinci kumaphephandaba omkhosi, ngaloo ndlela iphakamisa umgaqo wemikhosi yaseSoviet.

Umsebenzi ukwahlukana nesilunga esilungileyo, esicacileyo nesilula, ukuphuculwa ngokukhawuleza kwezenzo. Isiqendu ngasinye senkondlo sihambelana nomnye kuphela ngomfanekiso womntu oyintloko. UTvardovsky ngokwakhe wathi le nto yayingenxa yokuba yena nomfundi wakhe bangafa nganoma yimuphi umzuzu, ngoko ibali ngalinye kufuneka ligqitywe kwiphepha elifanayo lephephandaba apho liqalisiwe khona.

Eli bali liye lenza uTwardowski umbhali wenkolo yexesha lokulwa. Ukongezelela, imbongi yanikezelwa ngomsebenzi weMyalelo weMfazwe yasePatriotic, 1 ne-2 degrees.

Indalo emva kweNdalo

U-Alexander Trifonovich uTvardovsky uqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wokubhala emva kwemfazwe. I-biographie yombongozi iyazaliswa ngokubhalwa kwenkondlo entsha "Ukuze umgama - umgama," owawubhalwa phakathi kowe-1950 no-1960.

Ukususela ngo-1967 ukuya kowe-1969, umbhali usebenza kumsebenzi wezobuqu "kwi-Right of Memory". Umbongo uxelela inyaniso malunga nexesha likaBawo Tvardovsky, owaba lixhoba lokubambisana kwaye wagxininiswa. Lo msebenzi wawunqatshelwe ukupapashwa ngokuchaneka kwaye umfundi wayekwazi ukumazi kuphela ngo-1987. Ukubhalwa kwesi sibongo kubonakalisa ubuhlobo obukhulu noTvardovsky kunye nabaphathi baseSoviet.

I-biography yeTvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich nayo isisityebi kwiimvavanyo zenkqubo. Yonke into ebalulekileyo, eqinisweni, yabhalwa kwifom yeenkondlo, kodwa iikopi ezininzi zapapashwa. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-1947 kwafika "ilizwe kunye nelizwe langaphandle", elizinikele kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini.

"Ihlabathi Elitsha"

Musa ukulibala malunga nemisebenzi yenkcazelo yomlobi. Kwiminyaka emininzi, u-Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky, umhleli-ntloko ye-Novy Mir, wayeyi-editor-head of the newspaper. I-biografi yeli xesha lizele zonke iintlobo zokubambisana ngokuchaneka ngokusemthethweni - umbongi wayemele avumele ilungelo lokupapasha ngenani labalobi abanetalente. Ndiyabulela kwimigudu kaTvardovsky, uSolzhenitsyn, iZalygin, Akhmatova, iTroepolsky, iMolsaev, iBunin kunye nezinye zapapashwa.

Kancinci le phephancwadi yaba yinkcaso enkulu kubaphathi baseSoviet. Apha abhali beeminyaka engama-60 bapapashwa kunye neengxaki zokulwa neStalinist zavezwa ngokucacileyo. Uloyiso lokwenene lweTvardovsky luyimvume yokupapasha ibali likaSolzhenitsyn.

Nangona kunjalo, emva kokususwa kwe Khrushchev kubahleli be "Ihlabathi elitsha" baqalisa ukunyanzeliswa ngamandla. Oku kwaphumela ekubeni i-Tvardovsky yaphoqeleka ngo-1970 ukuba ihambe kwindawo yomhleli-oyintloko.

Iminyaka edlulileyo kunye nokufa

Ngoko i-biography iphela. U-Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky, owafa ngoDisemba 18, 1971, wafa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu. Umbhali wafa edolophini laseKrasnaya Pakhra, elisemaphandleni eMoscow. Umzimba wombhali wangcwatywa eMangcwabeni eNoodevichy.

UAlexandro Tvardovsky wayephila ubomi obucebile kwaye obucacileyo kwaye washiya ifa lemveli. Uninzi lwezenzo zakhe ziye zangena kwikharityhulam yekharityhulam kwaye zihlala zithandwa namhlanje.