UMongameli we-Afghanistan uKarzai Hamid: I-biography

Enye yezopolitiko ezidumileyo e-Afghanistan, kunjalo, uHamid Karzai. Le ndoda yayidume ngokuba ngumongameli wokuqala okhethwe ngokukhululekile kwimbali yelizwe lakhe. UHamid Karzai, ezopolitiko zakhe zigxekwa ngabantu abaninzi, nangona kunjalo, uye wahlala ehlala kwilizwe lakhe.

Ngubani uKarzai?

Kuyaziwa ukuba i-Afghanistan ihlangene nemibutho emininzi yempi, ukungenelela kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwintsimi yayo. UHamid Karzai, umfanekiso wakhe uza kuboniswa kwinqaku lethu, wathatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe ebusheni bakhe, ekhusela ummandla wase-Afghanistan.

Emva kokufumana amava omkhosi okrakra kwaye angalokothi amkhohlwe, lonke ixesha, njengomongameli, wazama ukukhusela imfazwe yesibili nokukhusela ulongamo lwaloo naliphi na indlela enokwenzeka. Uzibiza ngokuba yi-pacifist kwaye ukholelwa ukuba akukho mbambano enokwenene isonjululwe ngoncedo lomkhosi wamkhosi.

UHamid Karzai: ngubani olo hlanga, ulwazi olutshwankathelo olufutshane

Lo mntu ungumthonyama wase-Afghan, wazalelwa kulo mhlaba waza waba ngumntu ohloniphekileyo kunye nosapho lwasendulo lwasePastun uPopolzai. UHamid Karzai, owazalwa ngoDisemba 24, 1957, wazalwa kwiphondo elincinane lase-Afghan laseKandahar. Wakhulela kwidolophana elincinane laseKurtz, kodwa ukususela ebuntwaneni wayenengcamango yazo zonke iinkqubo zezopolitiko ezenzeka ezweni lakhe.

Ngolwazi olunjalo nokuqonda kwangaphambili kwezopolitiko, uKarzai Hamid wayenetyala kuyise - uAbdul Karzai. Le ndoda yayilungu lephalamende yase-Afghan kwaye yanikela yonke inkxaso enokwenzeka kwikosi engummeli. Kwithuba elithile kwipalamente waze wabamba isikhundla sesiphini-sithethi. Ukongezelela, uyise kaKarza wayeyinhloko yendlu ethandekayo ePololzai, owayenempembelelo enkulu kumgaqo welizwe. Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba imbono ye-Hamid yezopolitiko yayininzi ngenxa yempembelelo kayise.

Imfundo ifunyenwe

Kwiklasi lokuqala, uKarzai Hamid waya eKandahar. Emva kancinci intsapho yenkwenkwe yaphoqeleka ukuba yatshintshe indawo yokuhlala kwaye ihambe eKabul. Kwakukho apho waphumelela kwiHabibia High School. Abo babesazi naye esikolweni, khumbula ukuba inkwenkwe yayifunde ngokuphumelelayo. Wabonisa umdla omkhulu kwi-Darwin yenkolelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Wayethanda uncwadi kwaye wakhetha imisebenzi kaDickens, uKkhokhov noDostoevsky. Kodwa kwakulula kakhulu ukuba umfundi anikwe isayensi yendalo, ngakumbi i-chemistry, eyayithanda kakhulu. Ngenxa yokoma okungenakuphikiswa kokufunda nolwazi, le nkwenkwe yafunda iilwimi ezili-5, kuquka isiFrentshi nesiNgesi. Emva kwexesha, enikeza uvavanyo lwezinto zakhe zezopolitiko, uKarzai uya kuthiwa ngumholi we-Afghan owaziwayo.

Emva kokugqiba isikolo, uHamid Karzai, oza kuxoxa ngaye ngokucacileyo kweli nqaku, wagqiba ekubeni aqhube izifundo zakhe kwaye afumane imfundo ephakamileyo. Ukwamkelwa, wakhethwa kwiYunivesithi yaseHinan Himachal, eyayiseSimla. Ukuthonywa nguyise, ngakwesinye icala, kwaye uqhubela phambili kwimisebenzi yakhe, esele yenziwe ngalolo xesha, kwenye, uHamid wayefuna ukufunda isayensi yezopolitiko. Waphinda waphumelela kwiyunivesithi ngokuphumelelayo kwaye wathola isiqinisekiso se-science kwisayensi yezopolitiko.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yaseSoviet-Afghan

Emva kokugqitywa kwiziko likaHamid owayehlala ePakistan, kwaye kwakukho apho wabanjwa yiindaba malunga nokuqala kwemfazwe yaseSoviet-Afghan. Umpolitiki omncinane waqala ukunika uncedo lwemali kwi-mujahideen kwaye wabeka izixhobo zeengalo. Kuthiwa kwathiwa ke wafumana ubudlelwane kunye noorhulumente wase-United States kunye ne-British intelligence. Ukongeza kokuncedisa izinto, uHamid wathabatha inxaxheba ngqo ekukhuseleni ummandla welizwe lakhe. Ukubuyela e-Afghanistan, wayala amaqela athathaka.

Iindaba ezinxulumene namaTaliban

Emva kokuba imikhosi yaseSoviet ishiye i-Afghanistan, iKarzai yaba lilungu lephiko elilinganayo lokumelana ne-Afghanistan. Kwangexesha elide, wayelungelelanisa neTaliban, kuba wayekholelwa ukuba kuphela kuphela onokuyilungisela ilizwe lase-Afghanistan.

Amalungu aseTaliban abonisa ukunyaniseka kunye, emva kokubamba iKabul, waze wamnika ukuba abe ngummeli we-UN. UHamid wenqabe ukunikezelwa okunjalo, kwaye ngokuza kuka-Osama bin Laden isimo sakhe sengqondo ngokubhekisele kwintlangano sele sehlile ngokukhawuleza. UHamid Karzai waqaphela ukuba nje kuphela le ntlangano, akuyi kuba nakuphela ukulwa nemfazwe yombutho kwilizwe lakhe.

Ukuqashelwa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye negosa eliza kumandla

Ngo-2001, uKarzai ngokwakhe wathatha inxaxheba kwintsebenzo eyenziwa ngabakwaMerika ukukhulula iKandahar esuka eTaliban. Ngo-2002, i-UN, ekuqwalaseleni i-Afghan issue, yanquma ukuseka urhulumente wengqumbo, kwaye uHamid wamenywa ukuba ayikhokele. Esi siphakamiso samkelwe kubo.

Ummeli waseAfghan uHamid Karzai uhamba ngokusemthethweni kwelizwe ngo-2004. Ngethuba lokuqala kokhetho lonyulo lukaMongameli kwimbali yelizwe, abantu, banxinekile kwiinkqubela eziqhubekayo kunye nemfazwe yombutho, banike amavoti ama-55% ale mntu.

Ukuvavanywa kwemisebenzi yezopolitiko kuyinto engacacanga. Abaxhasi bakhe bathi ngexesha lolawulo lukaKarzai Afghanistan liphumelele impumelelo ekuphuhliseni imfundo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezoqoqosho. Abachasayo bathi ezi mpu melelo azixhomekanga kuphela kwiziphumo zemizamo yomongameli omnye. Abahlalutyi abaninzi bezopolitiko bathi eqinisweni, iKarzai Hamid enegunya kuphela eKabul. Ngaphandle kwesi sixeko, ngokwenene wayengenalo.

Naphezu kweengcamango ezahlukeneyo, ukuvavanya umsebenzi kaKarzai, umntu akanakukungaziboni imeko enzima e-Afghanistan. Lo mntu uzame ukuphucula imeko kwilizwe lakhe njengoko kunokwenzeka, kwakunye nezibonelelo awayeziphethe. Ngethuba lokubusa kwakhe, i-Afghanistan yaba yintando yesininzi. Ngokomzekelo, ngokokuqala ngqa kwimbali yeRiphablikhi yamaSulumane yase-Afghanistan, uKarzai uye wazisa abafazi abaningana kurhulumente karhulumente, okwakungenasiphelo kweli lizwe.

Isicwangciso sezopolitiko

Ukuqwalasela indlela umgaqo wezopolitiko walo mfanekiso wenziwa ngayo, abaninzi bammangalela ngokuthi wayexhomekeke kuRhulumente waseMelika. Uninzi lwabachasi bavame ukunyeliswa uKarzai ngenyaniso yokuba, ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumongameli okhethiweyo, wavakaliswa waza wonyulwa intloko yorhulumente wengxelo yenkomfa ekhethekileyo ye-UN, eyayikuphela kwexesha lase-Afghanistan ngo-2001.

Abahlalutyi bezopolitiko bathambekele ekukholweni ukuba iKarzai, ekuqapheliseni ubunzima beemeko e-Afghanistan, yayifuna kuphela naziphi iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki zelizwe lakhe. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2002, ethetha eTokyo kwinkomfa ekwakhiweni kwakhona kwe-Afghanistan, wakwazi ukufikelela ekunikezisweni kwelizwe lakhe ngeebhiliyoni ezigidi ezine.

Ngenxa yobulungisa, kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba, ukuba ube yinhloko yombuso, uHamid akazange avumele ukuzisa e-Afghanistan umgca wenkxaso epheleleyo kwimigaqo yamazwe aseNtshona. Kwakunjalo neUnited States, eyayihambisa imikhosi yayo kwintsimi yelizwe. Ngokuyininzi ngenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo owenziwa ekhaya, uHamid Karzai wayenwaba inkxaso yabantu abaqhelekileyo, ababesabayo malunga nokuza kwamandla "umviwa waseMelika".

Ukunyaniseka kwakhe ngokunyanisekileyo, wabonisa ngo-2008, xa wayegxeka ngokucacileyo imisebenzi yokulwa nobugandlo eyenziwa ngabantu baseMerika kwilizwe lase-Afghan. UKarzai Hamid wenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ingxelo yokuba lixesha lokunqanda ukuxhatshazwa phakathi kwabantu abemi, okuso onke amaxesha abonakala njengemiphumo ye-American "yokulondoloza uxolo".

Phinda ukhetho

Ngo-2009, unyulo olutsha lwaqhutywa e-Afghanistan. U-Karzai Hamid wayekhethwe ngumongameli, kwaye ngoNovemba 19, 2009, wathatha isifungo sesibini. Unyulo lwaluhamba kunye neentlobo, iintlebo kunye neentlanzi. Emva komjikelezo wokuqala, uKarzai wasolwa ngokunyaniseka. Umphambili wakhe, uAbdullah Abdullah, wenqaba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinqanaba lesibini, njengoko lo msebenzi wawubhekwa njengomdlalo olahlekileyo. Kwakukho intetho eninzi malunga neKarzai Hamid eya kuphumelela, njengokuba amaMelika aya kumnceda kulo naluphi na indleko.

Ngomnyaka kamva, ngowama-2010, kwakukho imeko yokuba abaninzi baphinde babangele ukungathandabuzeki "ngokungahambelani kwemimiselo eMelika" uKarzai. I-New York Times yashicilela ingxelo engummiselo wokuthi umongameli wase-Afghan ufumane imali eninzi evela kurhulumente wase-Iran. UKarzai Hamid akazange avume le nto kwaye wathi uyavuya kwaye uya kuthatha imali ekuphuhlisweni kwelizwe lakhe kuzo zonke "amazwe anobungane", esuka eMelika ukuya e-Iran.

Ukuhamba komongameli

Ngomnyaka we-2014, le ndoda yashiya ngokuzithandela ukuba ishiye phantsi, emva kokuba ibambe uongameli iminyaka engama-12. Abantu abaninzi bathi le nto inokuthi uKarzai wayeyiqonda kangcono kunabani na omnye umntu ongenalo ithemba lase-Afghanistan. Uqoqosho lwaleli lizwe lugqithiswa yiminyaka yemfazwe yembambano, ininzi yoluntu lihlala ecaleni lokuncenga, kwaye ukuhlala ngaphandle kwe-US inkxaso yeli lizwe kunokuthetha ukuwa. Kodwa wonke umntu osijikelezile uyaqonda ukuba "uncedo oluphathekayo luncedo" luphela "intlawulo" yase-US ngokunyusa iziseko zawo zemikhosi kwintsimi yase-Afghanistan.

UHamid Karzai wachaza ukuba umcimbi awuzange uphendululwe kunye neTaliban, i-United States ayikwazanga ukubuyisela umyalelo othembisiwe, kodwa ayiyi kuhoxisa kwiindawo zase-Afghan. Akunqweneli ukuthatha uxanduva lokusebenzisana ne-US kwaye ngelo xesha engafuni ukuphazamisa, uHamid Karzai wakhetha ukuhlala phantsi ngesithunzi.