UMlambo iVolga: izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zomlambo, inkcazo, imvelo, ukhuseleko. Yintoni abayenzayo ukukhusela uMlambo weVolga?

I-Volga yenye yeempawu ezidumileyo zaseRashiya, umlambo omkhulu kunayo kuphela yelizwe, kodwa yonke iplanethi. Ubomi beNgxenye yeYurophu yeli lizwe lugxila emfuleni, umbane uveliswa kwaye imveliso yezolimo iyadingeka lonke elaseRussia. Apha unako ukuphumla, intlanzi uze uphile rhoqo, ujabulele ubunjani obuhle.

Isiqalo esihle

Ubude balo mlambo mkhulu bungaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-3,5 eziliwaka. Isondeza isixeko ngezigidi ezi-4 ezizixeko, zifakwe izikhululo zamandla ezine, zinike igama kuyo yonke indawo. Umlambo omkhulu unamaqela angaphezu kwama-200, kwaye isitya sawo sithatha inxalenye yesithathu kwingingqi yaseYurophu yaseRashiya. Iphuma emasimini, ama-steppes, iintaba kunye neentlango. Imephu yelizwe ibonisa ukuba uMlambo weVolga ugeleza kwizifundo ezili-15 ze-federation. Izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zomlambo zihluke kakhulu: ziindawo zokutya, kunye nomhlaba oyimimangaliso ye-lotus, apho i-UNESCO ibona i-biosphere reserve. Kwi-Floga floodplain, iindidi ezingaphezu kwe-500 zikhula, eziza kwaziswa kwiintsapho ezingama-82.

Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomlambo

Ngenxa yobude obukhulu kunye nemvelo eyahlukeneyo, umlambo weVolga ulwahlula kwiindawo ezininzi. Izityalo nezilwanyana zihluke kakhulu.

Kwi-Upper Volga, apho iidolophu zaseRzhev, iTver, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Kostroma neNizhny Novgorod zikhona, iindawo zokuhlala ezine zenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. Zonke zakhiwa ngexesha lokwakha izityalo zombane: Ivankovskoe, Uglich, Rybinsk kunye neGorkovskoye.

Umyinge weVolga

Kule nxalenye, umlambo unqoba yonke iVolga Upland. Apha, imilambo e-4 igeleza kuyo, enkulu kunazo zonke i-Oka River. Ufake i- reservoir enkulu i- Cheboksarskaya HPP. Kwintsimi yentaba idlula i-Volga-Don, i-one of the parts yayo iMlambo iVolga. Izityalo kunye nemifula yezilwanyana zenza indawo yehlathi-indawo yezo ndawo. Le yindawo yokuhlala ebhere elimnyama, i-squirrels kunye ne-martens, kukho i-lynx kunye ne-taiga polecat. Abazingeli bafuna i-grouse ne-grouse. Amahlathi asekuhlaleni afana ne-taiga, kuzo zonke iinqanaba unokubona iipineyini ezinamandla.

Volga ephantsi

Kwiindawo ezisezantsi, i-Kama igeleza kwiVolga, kwaye umlambo uba ngumzulu onzulu. Isikhululo samandla kagesi seZhiguli sandulela i-Kuibyshev, kunye nangaphezulu, umntu unokubona iVolgograd.

Ngezantsi kweAstrakhan, indawo ekhethekileyo iqala - i-delta, apho kugcinwe khona indawo yoluntu, apho uMlambo waseVolga udume khona. Izityalo nezilwanyana zilapha kule ndawo phantsi kokukhuselwa. Kukho iindawo ezininzi zokuloba ngokuloba ngonyaka. Apha, awona nje abamba i-sturgeon kwaye bayayithanda i-lotus yeentyantyambo, kodwa nabo bagcina i-pelicans, i-Cranes yaseSiberia kunye ne-flamingos kwindawo yendalo.

Lawulo lwamanzi

Umlambo ufumana amanzi kummandla malunga nesiqingatha esinye nesigidi seekhilomitha. Ulawulo loMlambo weVolga luxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu. Iyakuthinta ikhefu kunye nokuchitha imvula. Ububanzi bomlambo kwezinye iindawo zifikelela kuma-2500 amitha. Ubunzulu kwiindawo ezingezantsi azidibanisi ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 metres. Nantsi impawu yoMlambo weVolga. Kodwa oku akuzange kube njalo: ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwamanzi okugcina amanzi aphantsi kwendlela yamanzi, ingaba yi-30 cm enzulu.

Iqhwa efakwe ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba - ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, ulawulo olunjalo loMlambo weVolga. Ukuqala kokuhamba kwamanzi kuwela ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli, kunye nokuvulwa kweqhwa e-Astrakhan-ngoMatshi. Ukuhlala okuzolileyo kunye nokugqithiseleyo kufinyelela emfuleni ukuya eLwandle lweCaspian.

Isici

Ngoluhlobo lwesilinganiselo semifula ende yeplanethi yeVolga ibandakanyeka kwindawo ye-16, kodwa eYurophu ayinalingana. Ngomsele weVolga-Don, udibanisa uLwandle oluMnyama kunye noLwandle lwaseAzov, kunye nendlela yeBaltic enolwandle olufanayo. Ulwandle oluMhlophe ludibaniswe kumnatha womlambo waseSeverodvinsk.

Umthamo wendlela yamanzi incinci - kuphela ngamamitha angama-256 kumgama. Impawu eziphambili zomlambo (iVolga) ekuphumeni kwayo kwamanzi i-1 mitha ngesibini. Iyure kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo umlambo ovela emanzini ukusuka kwii-2 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezili-6. Ezi zinto zivumela ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwazo zonke iintlobo zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

Isalathisi "senduduzo" yomlambo phakathi kwezinto eziphilileyo. Isisindo esiqhelekileyo sale ntlanzi sinokufika kuma-400 kg (kwezinye iimeko), kodwa kukho iinkokeli ezinomlinganiselo omnye ukuya kwisigidi.

UMlambo iVolga: umthombo kunye nomlomo

Umlambo oqaqambileyo uqala ngomlambo omncinane kufuphi nedolophana negama elithethiweyo leVolga-Upper. Idolophana itholakala kwi- Valdai Upland, kwaye i-chapel encinane yamatye ilinda umlambo.

Kwi-Central Intlase yaseRussia, umlambo ugeleza kakuhle, kwaye ukujika kumzantsi kwenza kufuphi nee-Urals. Ukuqhubela phambili kuyahamba kunye ne-Caspian lowland and inike amanzi ayo elwandle kwigama elifanayo. Umlambo weVolga ngumthamo wamanzi ophakathi kwelizwe.

Kukho imilambo engama-150 engamawaka nemifula eMlambo waseVolga. Umthombo kunye nomlomo womlambo yizinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo ezisondeza isixeko kunye nemizana ngokushushu. Emanzini aseVolga yonke into ikhula, yintoni abantu abayidla kulo lonke elaseRussia.

Iintlanzi ezahlukeneyo

Ngale nto ungabhala inkondlo yonke, yilokho abadobi abanolwazi abenzayo. Ezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi zihlala apha ngokusisigxina, kanti ezinye zivela kwiCaspian. I-pike i-pike, i-bream, i-carp, i-asp, i-ruff kunye ne-blue, i-white-eyed kunye ne-roach, i-chub, i-perch kunye ne-gray-grey ngabantu abemi basemlanjeni. Ukusuka eLwandle lweCaspian, i-sturgeon ne-beluga, i-whitefish kunye ne-herring zihanjelwe apha.

Ulwahlulo lwehlabathi leentlanzi luyamangalisa. Intlanzi encinci ehlala apha inokulinganiselwa kwe-2.5 cm kuphela. Yiyo intloko ye-grranular, eyaziwa kakhulu kwiichthyologists. Kodwa malunga ne-beluga, ekhula ubude kwiimitha ezine, wonke umntu uyazi. Ngokuphathelele intlanzi efumaneka kwi-Volga, iincwadi ezininzi kunye neencwadi zokubhala zibhalwa.

Kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo, ihlume izityalo, apho ikhona ngokuleleyo, i-carp ehle ivakalelwa. UAstrakhan uyikhaya leentlobo zeentlanzi ezibomvu ezizukise iRashiya lonke ihlabathi. I-sterlet ne stellate sturgeon, ithole kunye nesiturgeon esidumileyo. I-Volga i-herring ne-mirror carp yindlela efanelekileyo yokuphatha abantu kunye neendwendwe. Kuzo zonke iindawo ezininzi zokuloba, apho unokubona khona intlanzi eVolga.

Iingxaki zendalo

Ummandla apho iVolga iqokelela khona iindawo ezihlala kuyo zihlala kwi-8% yommandla wenxalenye yaseYurophu yaseRashiya. Izibalo ziqinisekisa ukuba umlomo weVolga kubangelwa ukungcoliseka kokuqala kwemifula elinezimbini. Enyanisweni, ubomi bonke beendawo zidibanise neVolga, apha yonke inkunkuma. Ukuba inani lemveliso yamanzi engcolileyo linokuncitshiswa, ngoko ingcola engabonakaliyo yintlanzi yangempela yomlambo. Ezi zigqithiseleyo zezichumisi zamakhemikhali kunye nezinye izinto ezinobushushu ezihlanjululwa yimvula.

Yintoni abayenzayo ukukhusela uMlambo weVolga?

Wonke umntu oqhelana neengxaki zomlambo, unanimly uthi into eyingozi kakhulu kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo ziveliswa ngamajelo ezitshixo zamandla. Benza imifudlana ekhuni kunye nexinzelelo, ukuphazamisa zonke izinto eziphilayo. IPlankton, i-tadpoles kunye nezinye izinto ziyafa, kunokuba umlambo uphila.

Ngendlela, le meko ibonakala nje kuphela kwiVolga. Le ngxaki yehlabathi echaphazela yonke imilambo emikhulu yamazwe athuthukileyo. Umbuzo wokusinda kwii-turbines ukhuthaza ama-zoologists kunye neenjineli emhlabeni jikelele. Uninzi lweenkomfa kunye nee symposiums zinikezelwe kulo.

Kungekude kudlulileyo, izazinzulu zaseSt. Petersburg zenze indlela entsha kunye nelula yokugcina izinto eziphilileyo kwiindawo zokuhamba. Iingcali zenzululwazi zicebise ukujova ngexinzelelo oluthile kunye nokugxininiswa okulungileyo, iimbumba zomoya oqhelekileyo. Iibhola ze-moya zithatha uxinzelelo oluninzi, amandla e-centrifugal kunye ne-centripetal. Zonke izidalwa ezincinci eziphilayo, zidlula ngolu hlobo olunxulumene nomoya-moya, luhlala luhambelana.

Le ndlela isungulwe, i-patent, iteknoloji iyaqondakala. Kodwa endleleni yokusungulwa kwamagosa edonga angenakunceda, ukungahloneli kwabo akunakunqotshwa. Ihlala isenokuba nethemba lokuba ukuqonda kunye nomnqweno wokuhlala emlanjeni ophilileyo usanqoba.

Iilwandle ezintle

Iibhanki zeVolga zaphefumlela abaculi kunye neebongozi kuzo zonke iminyaka. Iingoma ezinobumba kunye nezibhaliweyo ezininzi iingoma kunye nezibongo malunga nomlambo omkhulu. I-feat yoStalingrad ixhunyaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kunye neVolga. Ukususela ngoko, yonke iRussia iyazi ukuba ngaphaya kweVolga akukho ndawo kuthi. Iingoma, iifilimu, imibukiso, iincwadi-zonke ezi zinika igama lomlambo waseRashiya. Iindawo zokuhlala kunye nezolonwabo, iidolophana, iidolophana kunye nemizana - konke oku ku-Volga.

Kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, ixhunyaniswa ngokungahambi kakuhle kunye nomntu waseRashiya. Imiphefumlo yomlambo nomntu iyafana: nokuphana, ububanzi kunye nobubele.

Namhlanje imizila yaseVolga iqhutywe ngokukhawuleza: iindawo zendawo yokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo zanamhlanje zakhiwa, enombono obalaseleyo womlambo.