Channel Volgodonsky: iimpawu channel kunye nenkcazelo

Volgodonsk zamob Canal inxibelelanisa i-Don kunye iVolga kuloo ndawo apho ndawonye kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunye nabanye. Le ibekwe kufuphi nesixeko Volgograd. IVolga-Don Canal, ifoto kunye nenkcazo uya kufumana kweli nqaku uyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yezothutho anzulu-amanzi abasebenza inxalenye yaseYurophu yelizwe lethu.

Lilinge lokuqala ukudibanisa imilambo ezimbini

Emva kwenkulungwane ye-16, ibe lilinge lokuqala udibanise Don kunye iVolga River kwindawo indlela ekufutshane. Ngowe-1569, Selim II, umbusi Turkish, owaba wayedume uhambo lwakhe Astrakhan, wayalela ukuba bathumele amajoni 22,000 i Don. Kwakufuneka ukuba bembe umsele edibanisa imilambo ezimbini. Kodwa inyanga kamva baseTurkey kwafuneka baleka. Ngokutsho chroniclers, bathi ukuba bonke abantu apha musa ukwenza nantoni na iminyaka eli-100. Noko ke, nentwana ye ukuzama ukudibanisa imilambo amabini basinda. Esi sisihogo esinzulu, ekuthiwa shaft Turkish.

Ukuzama Peter I

kweminyaka 130 kamva, bangxamele yesibini ukwakhiwa iVolga-Don Canal yenza uPetros I. Noko ke, oko aluphumelelanga. Ekupheleni kuka-1701 ukwakhiwa yagqitywa ngokuyinxenye, kunye zokuphuma eziliqela ziye kwakhiwa ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, phakathi umyalelo yomsebenzi sikhutshwe ukuba kutshatyalaliswe umjelo, ekubeni imfazwe Sweden. Hi ndlela leyi, le projekthi, kakhulu, wazibalula - Petrov shaft, nto leyo imi kufutshane nedolophu eponymous.

Ukwakhiwa ichibi phakathi iVolga kunye Don wafuduselwa kwindawo eyahlukileyo - kummandla Ivan Lake. Yakhiwe apha Ivanovskii channel enxulumene umlambo Don umlambo Tsna (ekungeneni Oka) nge Ivan Sat edikeni kunye umlambo efamini yam. Ngokutsho kuyo, iminyaka emi-5 emva kokuqala kokwakhiwa wathabatha malunga 300 iinqanawa. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo yaba amanzi aphantsi.

iiprojekthi ezinkulu

iiprojekthi ezingaphezulu kwama-30 lodibaniso Don kunye iVolga wadalwa de 1917. Inkoliso yabo bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu kulandelayo:

• emazantsi, sichaza ezimbaxa ngqo Azov kunye noLwandle lweCaspian okanye imilomo UDon iVolga;
• avareji, idibanisa iiprojekthi zokwakha channel endaweni yendlela abakhulu iVolga and Don;
• northern, leyo iquka iiprojekthi ngendibaniso Don nemingenela nemingenela Oka.

iingcali Hydrologists bakholelwa ukuba iiprojekthi esemantla ayikwazanga umdla, kuba ngokudibana olucetywayo imilambo nzulu, izinto ezo ezifanelekileyo ukudlala kuzo iinqanawa mihla. I Yayingenakuba iiprojekthi yimpumelelo kunye nakumazantsi njengoko babeza kolulwa kakhulu imijelo umkhondo kulo mzekelo, ngenxa yoko yajika iindleko eziphezulu kakhulu ukwakhiwa. Iinjineli waqaphela ukuba iiprojekthi kakhulu ifana abafundi kwiqela embindini.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye kubo khange kwenzeke de kwinkulungwane yama-20. izinto ezimbini nqanda oku. Okokuqala, xa bakwaloliwe elibinzayo ngabanikazi ngamnye babemchasile. Okwesibini, nkqu kwimeko lokwakha umjelo isitya yezithuthi ukuba kwenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo, njengoko emifuleni-ngokupheleleyo kuphela. On lokuqeqeshelwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle ngokutsha olubanzi ababa nakuthetha naye. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe igalelo elikhulu wenza Puzyrevsky Nestor Platonovich Russian injineli ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi kwi sifundo phakathi Don ne iVolga. Wakhetha umzila anjengeli ukuba ikamva ijelo.

Ngokutsho icebo kombane, ngowe-1920, urhulumente waphinda wabuyela umba zolwakhiwo lomsele. Kubhalwe ngaye, Noko ke, oko yasekwa kuphela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1930. IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kuthintele ukuphunyezwa kwayo.

Umwana Draft

Ngowe-1943, emva kokuba Battle komsebenzi Stalingrad waqalwa. Wabakhapha Zhuk Sergey Yakovlevich, injineli onamava kubunzulu baphantsi komhlaba kunye nomakhi. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, sasisele sele yenzelwe wakha eMoscow-iVolga Canal kunye White Sea-iBaltic. Volgodonsk scheme complex samkelwa ngoFebruwari 1948 kwintlanganiso yeBhunga laBaphathiswa eSoviet Union. Emva koko saqala ukuphumeza imisebenzi umhlaba.

Ngubani na owakha Canal

Qaphela ukuba ulwakhiwo emjelweni iVolga-Don benza iintshaba babizwa ngokuba abantu, ukuba kukho amabanjwa ezopolitiko abaye enetyala ngokwecandelo 58 le-Code yoLwaphulo ezisebenzayo ngelo xesha. umsebenzi onzima emzimbeni, ngubani kwanyanzeleka ukuba enze bawo, ukuba kuthiwe ngosuku isigwebo sakhe amabini okanye amathathu. Noko ke, xa kubanda nokugqobhoza zasebusika zibukele ehlotyeni nobushushu ukufa abantu ababehlala zodaka kunye kwizindlu zodaka, lalilikhulu kakhulu. Zhuka Sergeya Yakovlevicha, awonisa ukwakhiwa emjelweni, ababhali-mbali Hoover Iziko ufaniswa Adolf Eichmann, inkokeli amaNazi abasebenzisa zabasebenzi khoboka.

Igama elithi of zokwakha noomatshini ezisetyenziswayo

yayakhelwe iminyaka nje 4.5 iVolga-Don Canal. Le ixesha elikhethekileyo kwimbali yehlabathi zobunjineli hydraulic. Umzekelo, i-iPanama Canal, ubude ogama ngu 81 km, wayakha iminyaka 34 kunye nemali olufanayo lomsebenzi. 164 ngekhilomitha- Suez Canal yakhiwa kweminyaka eli-11.

Xa isakhiwo sibekwe 3 Mio m ³ ebambekayo ezithiwe thaca malunga 150 million square metres komhlaba ^3. Ngowe-8000 baya oomatshini: ezayame oomatshini, multi-emele, kunye ukumbiwa behamba, izkulahla iilori, dozers, scrapers ezinamandla.

Ukuvulwa umjelo, ubude bayo kunye nobunzulu

iinjineli amazwe bathandabuza kule projekthi grand. Bona kwangaphambili ukuba lwedama akayi kuba nako ukubuphikisa nokumelana uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye apho kuya kubakho grand intlekele eyenziwe ngumntu. Kodwa Beetle wayeqinisekile yonke into ihamba kakuhle. Yena buqu ezaziphethe yokubekwa eziphathekayo, ukuthintela ubusela kunye bangangxami ukwenza umsebenzi.

31 Meyi 1952, ngo 13:55 amanzi Don kunye iVolga zadityaniswa phakathi kuphuma yokuqala neyesibini. Ukususela June 1, inkundla yayisele waqalisa ukuhamba ngapha ijelo. July 27, 1952 ukwakhiwa wanikwa igama Lenin, VI

ubude channel Volgodonsky of km 101. Kwezi amadama iqhuba km 45. ubunzulu isiteshi ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-3.5 m.

Amadama kunye gateway iVolga-Don Canal

Iimpahla sicatshulwa ngendlela ukusuka iVolga Don 13 kufuneka sidlule zokuphuma (kuqala emelwe ingasentla), apho zahlulwe UDon Itil leri sluice. ukuphakama lokugqibela 88 m. Ifaka 9 olunye-ngomsonto izitshixo olunye-gumbi. Ukuphakama elihamba Don sluice yi-44 m. Ifaka lock ezine kuyilo efanayo.

IVolga-Don Canal inxibelelanisa i-Don kufuphi nedolophu Kalach-on-Don kunye iVolga e Volgograd. It iqulathe Karpovskiy, Bereslavskii kunye Varvarovsky ndawo. Uhambo yonke kuthatha malunga 10-12 iiyure. Amanzi evela Tsimlyanskii ichibi feeds Volgodonsky channel ukususela Don amanga neemitha 44 ngentla iVolga. Ngenxa inkqubo ebandakanya lezikhululo ezintathu zokumpompa (Varvarovsky, Marinovsky kunye Karpovsky), amanzi nakwesiphi umsantsa uze nondiliseko anikwe iVolga Don namathambeka. Zamasango yokuqala weshumi kufuneka neengqameko loloyiso. Abasebenzi ukukhonza channel, bahlala ematyotyombeni eyasekwa ecaleni kwendlela.

inani channel

Volgodonsk Igama channel kunawo VI ULenin wabeka ndawonye iilwandle alandelayo 5: i lweCaspian, Black, Azov, uLwandle White kunye kwiBaltic. Efanisa ndawonye ngendlela Dnieper, i-Don, i-North-West kunye iVolga zokutshiza. Umendo umjelo ubaleka ecaleni emaqeleni ngokoma. Wayizisa ukufuma Fields imimandla Rostov kunye Volgograd.

main ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Abakhenkethi mihle kakhulu iVolga-Don Canal. Volgograd namhlanje kunzima ukucinga ngaphandle kweli ziko. lundwendwe ngalinye isixeko lizibophelele bayihloniphe. Popular ukuloba nje kuphela Volgodonsk channel, ngokwenene kukho into ukuze ubone.

Ukufumana Traffic phezu ijelo olwenziwe yi eTsarfati chweba komlambo iVolga, nto leyo biyela imisinga ice yokhukuliseko ukususela kwintlambo emlanjeni Sarpa. Ngaphakathi Volgograd wokuqala yesango ezintathu.

Sarpa kwi siqithi (emnyango ijelo) ngo-1953, iye yafakwa kwi lighthouse, okuphakama kweemitha 26. On neendonga zaso uphoswe-intsimbi Rostra, ukuba ebonisa ngeempumlo inxalenye iinqanawa ezahlukeneyo yakudala. umbhali le projekthi wezakhiwo R. Yakubov

Ukuba uhamba ecaleni indawo yokuhamba-hamba ukusuka yesango lokuqala, uya kubona kungekudala uLenin lesikhumbuzo (ingasentla). IV - xa ijelo uvula omnye isikhumbuzo elimiswe Stalin, ngubani na phezu kwamanqwanqwa phezulu. Le lesikhumbuzo elimiswe xesha lifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. copper Native uye bemgibisela isafobe yinkokheli yesizwe. Monument (photo kokuba kuboniswe ngezantsi) waba yindawo kangangeminyaka eliqela, ukunyuka ukuya kwiimitha ezili-40 ngaphezu kwenqanaba iVolga. Noko ke, ngenxa yenkqubo de-Stalinization, eyathi yasungulwa ngo-1961 e-XX Congress, eli litye lesikhumbuzo isusiwe. Ukusuka kwakhe bekukho useko eziphathekayo kuphela, nto leyo iya ibe monolithic eweni yimfumba lesiseko.

Kwagqitywa ukufaka lesikhumbuzo entsha koseko, kakade VI ULenin. Yenziwe le ufakelo lwesamente. Le Umfanekiso yi -27 m, kanti kwinqwanqwa -. 30 m lomhleli Delin VA nomkroli eV Vucetich aba ababhali lesikhumbuzo. Loo nto inika umdla lesikhumbuzo uLenin wangena "Guinness Book of Records." Yeyona lesikhumbuzo inkulu ehlabathini, esekwe imbeko wokuphila indoda yokwenene.

Volgodonsk channel namhlanje

Ukutyhubela iminyaka 60 aphehla zitya ngaphezu kwama-19 000 ngonyaka. Okwangoku, kukho umbuzo malunga nokwakhiwa omnye kumnombo iVolga-Don ichibi, apho umntu kuzakha nezingenayo impahla. Mhlawumbi ekwakhiweni kwayo kuza kuqhubeka kule minyaka izayo, nangona ngenxa yobunzima, lo mbuzo ubonakala ukuba ulinde okwethutyana. Noko ke, uMongameli uceba ukwandisa iVolga-Don Canal ngokuthi ukwakha omnye intsontelo oko wathi ngo-2007. Ukwakhiwa kwesebe yesibini kulindeleke ukuba kabini bandwidth - ukuya kwizigidi 30-35 iitoni imithwalo ngonyaka. Noko ke, umsonto esebenza okwangoku Volgodon sisiqingatha kuphela eboniseweyo.